Yimuphi uwoyela ongcono ukugcwalisa injini

Uwoyela wenjini uvikela izingxenye zenjini yemoto ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi uvimbela ukuguga. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha uwoyela kufanele kusondele ngokuhlakanipha - ngenxa ye-assortment ebanzi, akunzima ukwenza iphutha ngokukhetha nokulimaza injini yemoto.

Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha uwoyela

Indlela elula yokukhetha uwoyela wenjini ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi kwincwajana yemoto yakho. Kepha lokhu kungenzeka akuhlali kukhona ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isincomo asisho ukuthi kungasetshenziswa kuphela umkhiqizo ocacisiwe kuwo - izinhlobo zezinye izinkampani azikwazi ukufanelekela injini. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi wemoto kufanele athole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zikawoyela wenjini nokuthi yini okufanele ayibheke lapho ekhetha.

Kunezigaba eziningana zikawoyela wenjini:

• ngokwakhiwa - zokwenziwa, semi-zokwenziwa, amaminerali, futhi etholwe ngenxa hydrocracking;
• uhlobo injini - for diesel nophethiloli izinjini;
• ngokusho kwesizini - ihlobo, ubusika nayo yonke inkathi;
• i-viscosity - amafutha amaningi we-viscous.

Enye i-nuance ebalulekile ukutholakala kokungena kusuka ku-automaker ngohlobo oluthile lwamafutha. Ukubekezelelana kuwuhlobo lwekhwalithi esezingeni, ngoba kusho ukuthi izinga likawoyela lihlolwe ngumkhiqizi wezimoto futhi lanconywa ukuthi lisetshenziswe. Ukubekezelelana okutholwe wumkhiqizo othile kukhonjisiwe kulebula.

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-viscosity

I-viscosity kawoyela iyinkomba eyinhloko lapho uyikhetha. Leli gama lisho ukulondolozwa kwezinto zokuthambisa zikawoyela ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zokushisa. Uma uwoyela ubukeka kakhulu, i-starter ngeke ikwazi ukwenza injini lapho iqalisa, futhi ipompo ngeke ikwazi ukuyipompa ngenxa yokupompa okuphansi.

Uma uwoyela ungabonakali kahle, khona-ke ngeke ukwazi ukuvikela ngokwanele izingxenye zezinjini ekugqokeni kwezimo zokusebenza emazingeni okushisa anamadijithi amathathu. Kodwa-ke, uwoyela we-viscous ngokweqile nawo awufanelekile - awunakho ukuqhuba okwanele kokushisa, okuholela ekuxabaneni ngokweqile kwezingxenye zenjini futhi kungaholela ekubanjweni kwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uwoyela ophakeme ngokweqile unyusa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha uwoyela nge-viscosity, umuntu kufanele aqondiswe izincomo zomkhiqizi. Iqiniso ngukuthi amanye ama-motors aklanyelwe amafutha ka-viscosity aphansi, njengezinjini zabenzi bezimoto base-Asia, kanye nezinyunithi zamandla ezimoto ezifuywayo, kungcono ukukhetha uwoyela we-viscosity ephezulu.

Ungathola i-viscosity kawoyela yinkomba ye-SAE, ekhonjiswe kwilebula lomkhiqizo. I-SAE 20 - uwoyela ophansi we-viscosity, SAE 40 - viscous more, njll. Ukuphakama kwenombolo enkombeni, i-viscosity iyanda.

Ungalukhetha kanjani uhlobo lwamafutha

Lapho ukhetha uwoyela ngokwendlela owakhiwe ngayo, okuncamelayo kufanele kunikezwe ngamafutha okwenziwa ngokuphelele. Amafutha amaminerali kanye ne-hydrocracking alahlekelwa ngokushesha yizindawo zawo zokuthambisa, ngakho-ke inzuzo yabo kuphela intengo yabo ephansi. Uwoyela we-semi-synthetic uyindlela yokuyekethisa.

Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zikawoyela ngohlobo lwenjini, kunganqunywa yinkomba ye-API kulebula lomkhiqizo, lapho uhlamvu lokuqala luchaza uhlobo lwenjini:

• S - izinjini uphethiloli;
• C - izinjini zikadizili.

Uhlamvu lwesibili enkombeni ye-API luchaza ukusebenza - uma kuqhubeka phansi kubhalwe ngama-alfabhethi esi-Latin, izidingo ezinamandla kakhulu ezisebenza ku-oyela, futhi imoto kufanele ibe yintsha kakhudlwana. Isibonelo, uwoyela onenkomba ye-SM ulungele izimoto zikaphethiloli hhayi ngaphambi konyaka wezi-2004.

Ukukhethwa komkhiqizo

Ukukhetha inkampani yokukhiqiza kungenye ipharamitha ebalulekile lapho uthenga uwoyela. Kukhethwa ukukhetha izinkampani ezinedumela lomhlaba wonke noma, okungenani, izinhlobo ezaziwa ezingeni likazwelonke. Phakathi kwabo, ukukhetha umkhiqizo othile kungasuselwa kokuthandayo. Amafutha amahle kakhulu acishe abe yikhwalithi efanayo futhi angahluka kancane ezindlekweni nasekusebenzeni.

Ukucabangela isizini nezimo zezulu lapho ukhetha

Njengoba sekushiwo, isici esibaluleke kakhulu samafutha we-injini yi-viscosity. Wonke amafutha ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: ihlobo, ubusika kanye nayo yonke inkathi.

Ungaqonda uhlobo lwamafutha ngokuqokwa kwenkomba ye-SAE viscosity.

• inkomba yasebusika iqukethe uhlamvu W (0W, 5W, 10W);
• ayikho incwadi W enkombeni yehlobo (20, 40, 60);
• kumafutha we-multigrade, zombili izimpawu ziyi-hyphenated (5W-30, 5W-40, njll.).

Uwoyela wesizini yonke ukukhetha okuhle - kuzohlala unyaka wonke wekhalenda. Uma imoto isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, futhi i-mileage yonyaka idlula kakhulu isikhathi sokushintsha kukawoyela, khona-ke uwoyela wasehlobo ungasetshenziswa ngenkathi efudumele, nakoyela wasebusika ngenkathi ebandayo.

Ukuqokwa kwasebusika enkombeni kuyalingana ngokuhlukile - lapho inani lincane, kwehlisa izinga lokushisa lapho uwoyela ugcina khona i-viscosity edingekayo. Isibonelo, inkomba engu-5W isho ukuthi uwoyela uzoqala injini ekushiseni okungu -35 ° C, 10W - ezingeni lokushisa elingu -30 ° C, 15W - at -25 ° C, njll.

Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha uwoyela, umuntu kufanele abheke isimo sezulu sendawo ethile lapho imoto isebenza khona. Lapho uhlala enyakatho, i-Urals noma iSiberia, kungcono ukukhetha uwoyela nge-0W noma i-5W index, ezindaweni ezifudumele, ungamisa ukukhetha ngamafutha ngenkomba ye-10W, kepha eCrimea noma eSochi ungathenga futhi uwoyela ngenkomba engu-20W (kufika ku -20 ° C).

Imikhiqizo edumile yamafutha

Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa komsebenzisi, lawa magama alandelayo aphakathi kwemikhiqizo emihle kakhulu kawoyela wenjini.

1. I-ZIC 5w40 - imikhiqizo evela enkampanini yaseNingizimu Korea ingenye yezipesheli ezihamba phambili emakethe ngokwenani nekhwalithi.
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5. IShell Helix Ultra 5w-40 ingenye yamafutha athandwa kakhulu emakethe, ikakhulukazi anconyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibandayo. Kukhona kuphela ukubuyela emuva okuveziwe komkhiqizo - izindleko eziphezulu.
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7. IMobil Super 3000 X1 5W-40 ngomunye ummeleli wesigaba samafutha abizayo kodwa asezingeni eliphakeme.
8. ILukoil Lux 5W40 SN CF iyindlela enhle kakhulu evela kumkhiqizi waseRussia, enezithiyo ezimbili kuphela - ukusebenza okuphansi kwemvelo kanye nesikhawu esifushane phakathi kokufakwa esikhundleni. Izinzuzo ngamazinga okushisa aphansi okusetshenziswa nentengo ephansi kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinketho ezinhle kakhulu.