Lithini inani lomhlanga likadizili?
Inombolo ye-cetane, njengepharamitha ebalulekile ezakhiweni zikaphethiloli kadizili, ikhombisa ikhwalithi yayo ngokuya ngezimpawu zikaphethiloli kadizili, ezibaluleke kakhulu enjinini kadizili. Ngamanye amagama, inani le-cetane lihambelana nesikhathi sokulibaziseka kokushiswa kukaphethiloli ngemuva kokujova kusilinda.
Njengenombolo ye-octane, inombolo ye-cetane iphakamisa ukuthi uma inani liphakama, injini izokwenza kangcono. Iqiniso ngukuthi nakulesi simo, konke kuncike ekwakhiweni kwenjini, futhi imvamisa inani eliphakeme le-cetane liyindlela yokuthengisa, hhayi intuthuko yangempela ekusebenzeni kwenjini.
Isidingo esikhulu sikaphethiloli uma kuyinjini kadizili ukuvutha kwayo kahle ngemuva kokujova kusilinda. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle injini diesel, okuthiwa ukulibaziseka ukuthungela. Ukubambezeleka kokushisa yisikhathi esidlulayo phakathi kokujova uphethiloli egumbini elivuthayo kanye nesikhathi sokuthungela ngokwaso. Lesi sikhathi simelelwa inombolo ye-cetane. Ukufaneleka acc. ubude besikhathi sokubambezeleka komlilo bunqunywa ukwakheka kwenjini (igumbi lomlilo) kanye nemishini yomjovo. Injini eshisa uphethiloli enenombolo elungile ye-cetane iqala kahle, inamandla anele, iyasebenza kancane futhi ishelela, isebenzisa kancane, namagesi akhipha umoya anokwakheka okungcono kwe-emission. Inani le-cetane eliphansi kakhulu likaphethiloli wedizili liholela ekubambezelekeni okude kakhulu kokuthungela, futhi ngesikhathi sokuthungela, uphethiloli we-athomu egunjini lomlilo usuvele uhwamukile kancane. Lokhu kuzodala uphethiloli ohwamukile (uphethiloli omningi kunalowo odingekayo) ukuthi uthungele ngokushesha, okubangela umfutho wegumbi elivuthayo lenjini ukuthi ukhuphuke ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kwenjini okunomsindo kakhulu, ukusebenza kabi kokuhlanza kanye nokuncipha kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Ngokuphambene, inombolo ye-cetane ephezulu kakhulu ibangela ukubambezeleka komlilo okufushane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi uphethiloli awunaso isikhathi sokwenza i-athomu kahle futhi uqala ukuvutha eduze kakhulu nombhobho. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izimbobo zayo zimbozwe ngomsizi. I-atomization enganele iphinde isho ukuxubana okungalungile nomoya, okuholela ekushiseni okungaphelele kanye nokwakheka kwensizi.
Iningi likaphethiloli osetshenziswa emhlabeni ukushayela izinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo ezinama-cetane angaba ngu-51-55. Izindinganiso zethu nezaseYurophu zidinga inani le-cetane okungenani lama-51, udizili we-premium ovela kwabanye abakhiqizi ufinyelela kwinani le-cetane ebangeni lamayunithi angama-58 kuye kwangama-65. Inani le-cetane elifanele lisethwe ngumkhiqizi wenjini kadizili futhi amanani adingekayo njengamanje aphakathi kwama-50 nama-60. Mayelana nokuncishiswa komoya, lawa manani kufanele akhuliswe kancane kancane ngokuzayo, ngokuzuza kwamandla kube yinto eseqhulwini.
Inani lenombolo ye-cetane linqunywa ngokufanayo nenombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli, okungukuthi, ingxenyenamba yevolumu yezinto ezimbili. Eyokuqala i-cetane (n-hexadecane C16H34) - inombolo ye-cetane 100, ekhombisa ukubambezeleka okufushane kakhulu kokuthungela, kanti eyesibili - i-alpha-methylnaphthalene (C11H10) - inombolo ye-cetane 0, ekhombisa ukubambezeleka okude kakhulu kokuthungela. Ngokwayo, uphethiloli we-diesel ohlanzekile awunayo i-cetane eningi, isetshenziswa kuphela ekuhlanganiseni okuqhathanisayo. Inombolo ye-cetane, njengenombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli, ingakhuliswa ngokungeza izithasiselo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-alkyl nitrate noma i-di-tert-butyl peroxide. Okunye okuthakazelisayo ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinombolo ze-octane ne-cetane. Uma iphezulu inombolo ye-cetane kaphethiloli we-hydrocarbon enikeziwe, iyancipha inombolo yayo ye-octane. Ngokuphambene, lapho inombolo ye-cetane iphansi, inombolo ye-octane iphakama.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Siyini isilinganiso se-octane samafutha edizili? Uphethiloli wedizili kufanele ube nenombolo ye-cetane engu-45-55. Kulokhu, injini izosebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngenombolo ye-cetane engaphansi kuka-40, ukusha kubambezeleka kungazelelwe, futhi injini iguga kakhulu.
Ithini inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli omsulwa? Uphethiloli utholakala ngokuhluzwa kwezinti nokukhethwa kwezingxenyana ezithile zamafutha endaweni yokubilisa ngaphakathi kwamadigri ayi-100-130. Wonke lawa maphethiloli anenombolo ephansi ye-octane. I-RON (65) ephakeme kakhulu itholakala ngophethiloli osebenza ngokuqondile ovela kuwoyela wase-Azerbaijan, eSakhalin, eKrasnodar Territory nase-Asia Emaphakathi.
Indlela yokwandisa inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli? Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-hydrocarbon e-paraffinic kanye nephunga elimnandi esakhiwo esinamagatsha engeziwe kuphethiloli. Lezi zinto zifakwe kwezinye izithasiselo.
Iyiphi i-hydrocarbon eyireferensi yokunquma inombolo ye-cetane yesibaseli sikadizili? Ama-hydrocarbons i-hexamethyldecane (cetane) ne-alpha-methylnaphthalene asetshenziswa njengamazinga. Izinombolo zabo ze-cetane ziyi-100 kanye no-0, ngokulandelanayo.
