Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-automatic transmissions?

Izimoto eziningi zino-gearbox, okuwumshini okhipha amandla enjini yemoto uwayise emasondweni. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokudlulisela - manual kanye ne-othomathikhi. Ukudluliswa kwezandla kuyafana ngokuyisisekelo, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo, ngayinye esebenza ngendlela ehlukile inobuhle bayo kanye nobubi bayo. 

Uma unentshisekelo noma usuvele ungumnikazi wemoto ezishintshayo, ukwazi ukudluliswa kwayo kungakusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi kunjani ukushayela imoto, yini enhle ngayo, nokuthi yini engeyinhle kangako.

Kungani izimoto zidinga u-gearbox?

Ezimotweni eziningi ezingezona zikagesi, amandla adingekayo ukuze ahambe anikezwa injini kaphethiloli noma idizili. Injini ijika i-crankshaft exhunywe ku-gearbox, yona ixhumeke emasondweni.

I-crankshaft ngokwayo ayikwazi ukuzungeza ngesivinini esanele namandla okushayela kahle amasondo, ngakho-ke i-gearbox isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amandla aphuma enjinini - ngokwezwi nezwi ibhokisi lensimbi lamagiya osayizi abahlukene. Amagiya aphansi adlulisa amandla engeziwe emasondweni ukuze imoto iqhubeke, kuyilapho amagiya aphezulu edlulisa amandla amancane kodwa isivinini esikhulu uma imoto ihamba ngokushesha.

Ama-gearbox abuye aziwe ngokuthi ama-transmissions ngoba adlulisa amandla enjini awayise emasondweni. Ukudlulisa cishe igama elingcono kakhulu ngoba akuwona wonke amagiya anamagiya, kodwa e-UK igama elithi "gearbox" liyitemu elivamile lokubamba wonke.

Isikhethi se-automatic transmission ku-BMW 5 Series

Ingabe i-transmission eyenziwa ngesandla ihluke kanjani kune-automatic?

Kalula nje, uma ushayela imoto eshintshwayo, udinga ukushintsha amagiya ngesandla, kanti ezishintshayo ziyawashintsha amagiya, azishintshayo njengoba kudingeka.

Emotweni ene-manual transmission, i-clutch pedal ngakwesobunxele, okumele icindezeleke, inqamule injini kanye no-transmission ukuze ukwazi ukususa i-shift lever bese ukhetha igiya elihlukile. Imoto ezishintshayo ayinayo i-clutch pedal, i-shift lever kuphela oyibeka ku-Drive noma ku-Reverse njengoba kudingeka, noma ePaki lapho ufuna ukuma, noma ungene ku-Neutral uma ungafuni ukukhetha noma yimaphi amagiya ( uma , isibonelo, imoto idinga ukudonswa).

Uma ilayisense yakho yokushayela isebenza kuphela ezimotweni ezishintshayo, awuvunyelwe ukushayela nge-clutch pedal. Uma unelayisensi yokushayela eshintshwayo, ungakwazi ukushayela imoto enama-manual kanye nama-automatic.

Manje njengoba sesichazile ukuthi iyini i-automatic transmission nokuthi ingeyani, ake sibheke izinhlobo eziphambili.

I-lever yokuhambisa ngesandla kuFord Fiesta

Izimoto ezihamba phambili ezine-automatic transmission

Izimoto ezincane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezine-automatic transmission

Izimoto nge Mechanics kanye othomathikhi: yini ukuthenga?

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo nge-torque converter

Iziguquli ze-torque zingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Basebenzisa ama-hydraulics ukushintsha amagiya, okuholela ekushintsheni okushelelayo. Akuwona awonga kakhulu kuma-automatic, nakuba angcono kakhulu kunakudala, ngokwengxenye ngoba abakhiqizi bezimoto bengeze amagiya engeziwe ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Amagiya e-torque converter ngokuvamile anamagiya ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi, kuye ngemoto. Zijwayele ukufakwa ezimotweni zikanokusho nezinamandla ngenxa yokuhamba kwazo okushelelayo namandla angokomzimba. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi banikeza izimpawu zabo zokuthengisa - i-Audi iyibiza ngokuthi i-Tiptronic, i-BMW isebenzisa i-Steptronic, kanti i-Mercedes-Benz isebenzisa i-G-Tronic.

Ngendlela, i-torque ingamandla okujikeleza, futhi ihlukile emandleni, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amandla amahhashi emhlabeni wezimoto. Ukuze unikeze umfanekiso olula we-torque ngokumelene namandla, i-torque iwukuthi uqine kangakanani onganyathela ibhayisikili futhi amandla yindlela oshesha ngayo ukunyathela.

Isikhethi esishintshashintshayo se-torque esishintshashintshayo ku-Jaguar XF

automatic transmission variator

I-CVT imele "I-Continuously Variable Transmission". Iningi lezinye izinhlobo zamagiya zisebenzisa amagiya esikhundleni samagiya, kodwa ama-CVT anochungechunge lwamabhande namakhoni. Amabhande ehla enyuka ama-cones njengoba isivinini sikhula futhi sincipha, ehlala ethola igiya elisebenza kahle kakhulu esimweni esinikeziwe. Ama-CVT awanawo amagiya ahlukene, nakuba abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto bethuthukise amasistimu abo ngamagiya alingisa ukwenza uhlelo lube ngokwesiko.

Kungani? Hhayi-ke izimoto ezinogearbox weCVT ziyakuxaka ukuhamba ngoba umsindo wenjini awukhuphuki noma wehle uma ushintsha amagiya. Kunalokho, umsindo uyaqhubeka ukhula njengoba ijubane likhula. Kodwa ama-CVT abushelelezi kakhulu futhi angasebenza kahle ngokwedlulele - wonke ama-hybrid akwaToyota neLexus anawo. Izimpawu zokuthengisa zokuthunyelwa kwe-CVT zifaka i-Direct Shift (Toyota), i-Xtronic (Nissan), ne-Lineartronic (Subaru).

Isikhethi esishintshashintshayo se-CVT kuToyota Prius

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwezandla

Ngomshini, ayafana nama-transmission ajwayelekile ashintshwayo, ngaphandle kokuthi amamotho kagesi avula i-clutch futhi ashintshe amagiya njengoba kudingeka. Ayikho i-clutch pedal lapha, futhi okuwukuphela kwegiya ongalikhetha i-Drive noma Reverse.

Ama-automatic manual transmissions abiza kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zama-automatic transmissions futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezincane, ezingabizi kakhulu. Ziyakwazi futhi ukonga kakhulu, kodwa ukuguquguquka kungase kuzwakale kancane. Amagama emikhiqizo ahlanganisa i-ASG (Isihlalo), i-AGS (Suzuki) ne-Dualogic (Fiat).

Isikhethi sokuhambisa ngesandla esizenzakalelayo kuVolkswagen up!

I-Dual clutch automatic transmission

Njenge-automated manual transmission, i-dual clutch transmission iwumshini oshintshwayo onamamotho kagesi akushintshela amagiya. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, inama-clutch amabili, kuyilapho i-automated manual ineyodwa kuphela. 

Ngisho namamotho kagesi enza umsebenzi emshinini wokudluliswa kwezandla ozishintshayo, ukuguqula kuthatha isikhathi eside, kushiye igebe elibonakalayo emandleni enjini ngaphansi kokusheshisa. Ku-dual clutch transmission, i-clutch eyodwa ibamba igiya lamanje kuyilapho enye ilungele ukushintshela kwelinye. Lokhu kwenza izinguquko zisheshe futhi zishelele, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Isoftware ehlakaniphile ingabikezela ukuthi yiliphi igiya okungenzeka ukuthi ulishintshe libe ngelilandelayo bese ulihlela ngokufanele.

Izimpawu zokuthengisa zifaka i-DSG (Volkswagen), S tronic (Audi) ne-PowerShift (Ford). Ezimweni eziningi, imane ifushanisiwe njenge-DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission). 

Isikhethi se-Dual clutch automatic transmission kuVolkswagen Golf

Ukudluliswa kwemoto kagesi okuzenzakalelayo

Ngokungafani ne-petroli noma injini ye-diesel, amandla kanye ne-torque yama-motor kagesi ahlala njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ijubane lezinjini. Amamotho kagesi nawo mancane kakhulu kunenjini futhi angafakwa eduze namasondo. Ngakho-ke izimoto eziningi zikagesi azilidingi ngempela i-gearbox (nakuba ezinye izimoto ezinamandla ngempela zilidinga, elizisiza ukuthi zifinyelele isivinini esikhulu kakhulu). Izimoto zikagesi zisene-lever yokubeka phambili noma ukuhlehla lapho zihamba khona, futhi azinayo i-clutch pedal, ngakho-ke zihlukaniswa njengezizenzakalelayo. 

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izimoto zikagesi zinenjini ehlukile yokuhlehla, kanti ezinye zimane zijikise injini enkulu.

Isikhethi esizenzakalelayo semoto kagesi kuVolkswagen ID.3

Uzothola ububanzi obubanzi izimoto ezishintshayo zitholakala eCazoo. Vele usebenzise umsebenzi wokusesha ukuze uthole okuthandayo bese ukuthenge ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi. Unga-oda ukulethwa emnyango wakho noma uthathe eseduze Isikhungo Senkonzo Yamakhasimende saseCazoo.

Sihlala sibuyekeza futhi sandisa ububanzi bethu. Uma ungayitholi elungile namuhla, kulula. setha izexwayiso zokuphromotha ukuba ngowokuqala ukwazi uma sinezimoto ezihambisana nezidingo zakho.