Ungakhetha kanjani phakathi kwama-automatic transmissions

Ziningi izinqumo okumele zenziwe uma uthenga imoto entsha. Konke kusukela ekukhetheni ukwakheka, imodeli nezinga lokunquma ukuya ekunqumeni ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-stereo kuyifanele yini imali eyengeziwe. Esinye sezinqumo ezibalulekile okufanele uzithathe ukuthi ukhetha umshini oshintshwayo noma ozishintshayo. Ngamunye unobuhle nobubi obuthile, futhi ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokudlulisela kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza isinqumo esifanele.

Uma uthenga imoto entsha, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola idrayivu eshintshwayo neshintshwayo uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ukhetha yiphi indlela. Nakuba i-auto transmission izokunikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe emotweni yakho futhi ingathuthukisa ulwazi lwakho lokushayela, umshini ozishintshayo ulula futhi ufanelekile.

U-gearbox okulungele uzoncika ezintweni eziningi. Yonke into kusukela endleleni ogibela ngayo kuye kumandla wehhashi ngaphansi kwe-hood nokuthi ukhetha ukwenza kube lula kunokusebenza kuzoba nomthelela esinqumweni sakho.

Isici 1 kokungu-5: ukuthi amagiya asebenza kanjani

Ngokuzenzakalelayo: Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kusebenzisa isistimu yegiya leplanethi. Lawa magiya adlulisela amandla emasondweni esebenzisa amagiya ahlukene. Igiya leplanethi lisebenzisa igiya eliphakathi nendawo elibizwa ngegiya lelanga. Iphinde ibe neringi yangaphandle enamazinyo egiya langaphakathi, lokhu kubizwa ngegiya eliyiringi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamagiya amaplanethi amabili noma amathathu akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isilinganiso segiya njengoba imoto ijubane.

Ukudluliswa kwemoto kuxhunywe kusiguquli se-torque, esisebenza njenge-clutch phakathi kokudlulisa nokudlulisa. I-automatic transmission ishintsha amagiya uma imoto igijima ngesivinini esiphezulu noma ibhuleki.

Ngesandla: I-manual transmission ine-flywheel exhunywe ku-crankshaft yenjini. I-flywheel izungeza kanye ne-crankshaft. Phakathi kwe-pressure plate ne-flywheel kune-clutch disc. Ingcindezi ekhiqizwa yi-pressure plate icindezela i-clutch disc ku-flywheel. Uma i-clutch isibanjiwe, i-flywheel izungeza i-clutch disc kanye no-gearbox. Lapho i-clutch pedal icindezelekile, i-pressure plate ayisacindezeli ku-clutch disc, okuvumela izinguquko zegiya ukuba zenziwe.

Isici sesi-2 kokungu-5: Izindleko ezihambisana nokudluliswa ngakunye

Kunomehluko ophawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwemishini eshintshashintshayo kanye ne-othomathikhi, futhi kuye ngokuthi yini oyifunayo, kungaba izinzuzo noma ububi. Ake sibheke ngokushesha nje umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izici ezibalulekile kuwe.

Izindleko ZokuqalaIMPENDULO: Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, ukuhambisa ngesandla kuzoba yinketho eshibhile lapho uthenga imoto entsha. Ukonga kuzohluka ngemoto, kodwa lindela ukwehliswa kwentengo okungenani okungu-$1,000 phezu kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngesandla nezizenzekelayo.

Isibonelo, iHonda Accord LX-S yangowezi-2015 ene-6-speed manual transmission iqala ku-$23,775, kanti ngomshini ozishintshayo iqala ku-$24,625.

Ukonga kudlulela nasezimotweni ezike zasetshenziswa. Yize ukuthola izimoto ezimbili ezisetshenziswe ncamashi kuhlala kuwubuqili, ukusesha okusheshayo ku-AutoTrader.com kuthola i-Ford Focus SE Hatch ka-2013 enomshini osetshenziswa ngesandla ongu-$11,997, kanye nekhilomitha elifanayo i-SE Hatch ene-othomathikhi ingu-$13,598.

• Ukunakwa: Ukonga izindleko kufanele kubonakale njengomthetho, hhayi iqiniso elinzima. Ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezibizayo noma ezemidlalo, ukudluliswa kwezandla kuzobiza okufanayo noma mhlawumbe nangaphezulu.

Kwezinye izimo, ukudluliswa kwezandla kungase kungafaneleki. Ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla akuzange kunikezwe u-67% wohlelo lwango-2013.

Izindleko zokusebenzaIMPENDULO: Nakulokhu, ukudluliswa kwezandla yikho okuphumelela kulesi sigaba. I-auto transmission cishe iyohlala ingcono kakhulu kuphethiloli kune-automatic. Nokho igebe liya liyancipha njengoba i-automatic ithola amagiya amaningi futhi iba yinkimbinkimbi.

Isibonelo, iChevrolet Cruze Eco ka-2014 ithola ama-mpg angu-31 kuhlanganiswe nezishintshayo ngaphansi kwehood kanye nama-33 mpg ashintshwayo. Ngokusho kwe-FuelEconomy, ukonga ezindlekweni zikaphethiloli ngonyaka kungu-$100 nje kuphela.

Izindleko zokusebenza: Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuqukethe izingxenye eziningi ezihambayo, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuvame ukubiza kakhulu ukuzinakekela. Lindela izindleko zokulungisa ezivamile kanye nebhili enkulu uma ukudluliselwa kwehluleka.

Isibonelo, isidingo sokushintsha noma ukwakha kabusha ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ngokuvamile kubiza izinkulungwane, kuyilapho izindleko zokushintshwa kwe-clutch zifinyelela emakhulwini.

• UkunakwaIMP: Ekugcineni, ama-automatic transmissions kuyodingeka ashintshwe noma alungiswe, futhi cishe awasoze ahlala impilo yemoto.

Ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kulula kakhulu futhi kuvame ukusebenza ngokungenasici empilweni yemoto, okudinga ukulungiswa okuncane kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, i-clutch disc izodinga ukushintshwa phakathi nokuphila kwemoto, kodwa izindleko zokunakekela ngokuvamile ziphansi. Ukudluliswa kwesandla kusebenzisa igiya noma uwoyela wenjini ongaboli ngokushesha njengoketshezi olushintshayo (ATF).

Futhi, lokhu akuwona umthetho onzima futhi osheshayo, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zezemidlalo ezibizayo lapho izindleko ze-clutch kanye ne-manual transmission zingaba phezulu kakhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma ngezindleko zangaphambili, izindleko zokusebenzisa, noma izindleko zokuyilungisa, ukuthutha okwenziwa mathupha yikona okuphumelelayo.

Isici sesi-3 kokungu-5: Amandla

Kunomehluko othize endleleni ama-automatic and manual transmissions adlulisa ngayo amandla enjini emasondweni, futhi lokhu kungaholela ohlotsheni olulodwa lokudlulisela lube nenzuzo ehlukile kunolunye. Ezimweni eziningi, uthola amandla amaningi emotweni ene-manual transmission, kodwa kukhona ukuhwebelana, ikakhulukazi okulula.

Izimoto ezincaneIMP: Uma ufuna imoto enamandla aphansi, ukudluliswa kwezandla kuvame ukuba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Imoto esezingeni lokungena enenjini engu-1.5 litre 4-cylinder izothola ugesi oshintshwayo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole okuningi emandleni alinganiselwe imoto engawanikeza, okuzosiza lapho idlula futhi ikhuphuka imimango.

Ama-automatic transmissions akhetha igiya elingcono kakhulu lesimo abakuso, kodwa isikhathi esiningi ahlelwa ukuthi enze iphutha njengesinyathelo sokuvikela, okuvamise ukuholela ekutheni i-overshifting, okuwukumosha amandla enjini.

Imanuwali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ishiya lezi zinqumo kuwe, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole wonke amandla atholakalayo ku-transmission ngaphambi kokukhushulwa. Lokhu kungaba inzuzo yangempela uma uzama ukudlula enye imoto noma ukhuphuka igquma elide. I-automatic ivamise ukushintsha amagiya kusenesikhathi, ikushiye ubambekile lapho udinga amandla amaningi.

Uma usushintshele ezimotweni ezinamandla njenge-V-6 noma i-V-8, i-automatic transmission ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.

Izimoto ezinamandla aphezulu: Imoto yezemidlalo enamandla ivamise ukuhlomula ngokuhambisa okwenziwa ngesandla, nakuba izimoto eziningi ezingavamile zishintshele emshinini wokuhambisa ozenzakalelayo.

Futhi, yehlela ekulawuleni amandla. I-automatic transmission ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe wonke amandla egiyeni ngaphambi kokuthi unyuke, kanti i-automatic ivamise ukushintsha amagiya kusenesikhathi. Yingakho kuvame ukuba nomehluko obalulekile ezikhathini zokusheshisa phakathi kokudluliselwa okwenziwa ngesandla nokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke uma isikhathi sokusheshisa esingu-0 kuye ku-60 mph sibalulekile kuwe, ukudluliswa kwesandla kuyinketho engcono kakhulu.

Akuwona umthetho oqinile futhi osheshayo, kodwa uma uthenga imoto yangaphandle, umhlahlandlela ozenzakalelayo udinga ukuhlelwa ukuze usebenzise wonke amagiya, kodwa lokho kuzokwenza umehluko ezimotweni ezidume kakhulu.

Isici sesi-4 kokungu-5: indlela yokuphila

Iqiniso liwukuthi umshini umane ulula futhi kulula kakhulu ukuwusebenzisa. Uma ukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezishintshayo kanye nezishintshayo, kufanele ucabangele ngokucophelela indlela ophila ngayo kanye nesitayela sokushayela.

yima uhambeIMP: Ukudluliswa kwezandla kungaba yinkinga kubantu abanohambo olude lokuya emsebenzini ngesikhathi sokugijima. Ukushintsha njalo amagiya nokucindezela i-clutch pedal kungakhathala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi emotweni ene-clutch esindayo, ubuhlungu emilenzeni noma emalungeni.

ijika lokufunda: Ngenkathi ukushayela okuzishintshayo kulula futhi kuqondile, kukhona ijika elithile lokufunda elinomshini ohamba ngesandla. Abashayeli be-Novice bangase bahlangabezane namashifu aphuthelwe, ama-jerks, ama-jerk, nezitobhi. Futhi, ukuqala egqumeni kungase kwesabise kancane uze ukhululeke ngokubamba.

Fun: Akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukushayela imoto eshintshwayo kuyinto ejabulisayo, ikakhulukazi emgwaqeni omazombezombe lapho kungekho zimoto. I-transmission manual inikeza izinga lokulawula phezu kwemoto ukuthi ayitholakali ku-othomathikhi. Ngeshwa, iningi lethu alishayeli zonke izinsuku ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kodwa uma wenza kanjalo, imoto ehanjiswa ngesandla ingase ibe imoto oyidingayo.

I-Driver Focus: I-manual transmission idinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe, ukushintsha amagiya, ukucindezela i-clutch, ukugcina amehlo akho emgwaqeni nokunquma ukuthi yiliphi igiya elilungele isimo. Ukuthumela okuzenzakalelayo kuthatha yonke le misebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ngisho noma kungekho emthethweni ezifundazweni eziningi, uma uthumela imiyalezo noma usebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini wakho ngenkathi ushayela, ukuhambisa okwenziwa ngesandla kuwumbono omubi. Ukuxuba ifoni, isiteringi, namagiya ashintshayo kungakha isimo sokushayela esiyingozi ngempela. Imoto enomshini ozishintshayo izoxazulula le nkinga.

Isici sesi-5 koku-5: Cabangela ukudluliswa kwe-semi-automatic

Uma namanje ungakazimiseli, kunenketho emaphakathi ekuvumela ukuthi uzishintshele mathupha uma ufuna futhi ubuyisele imoto kuzishintshayo uma ungafuni. I-semi-automatic transmission (SAT) inamagama amaningana ahlukene, ukudluliswa kwe-automated manual, ukuguqula i-paddle noma ukuguqula i-paddle.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ibizwa ngani, iSAT iyi-transmission ekuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amagiya noma nini uma uthanda, kodwa ayinayo i-clutch pedal. Uhlelo lusebenzisa isistimu yezinzwa, amaphrosesa, ama-actuator, nama-pneumatics ukuze asuse amagiya ngokususelwe kokokufaka kumshini wokushintsha.

Eziningi zalezi zimoto zishintshashintsha zibe yi-othomathikhi enenketho yokuyibeka kumodi ye-SAT. Ngisho nakumodi ye-SAT, imoto izoshintshela wena uma uphuthelwa yishifu noma ungashintshi ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke ayikho ingozi ekudluliseni. Lezi zimoto zikulungele ukuzijwayeza ukushintsha okuhambisana ne-rev ngaphandle kokukhathazeka nge-clutch.

Manje kufanele wazi izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinketho ezahlukene zokudlulisela, okusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuphuma futhi wenze isinqumo. Hlola njalo imoto izikhathi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukhululekile hhayi ngemoto kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-gearbox.