Indlela I-Exhaust Systems Esebenza Ngayo

Konke kuqala enjinini

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-exhaust yemoto isebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwenjini iyonke. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngendlela yayo elula iyiphampu yomoya enkulu. Iqoqa emoyeni, ixube nophethiloli, yengeze inhlansi, futhi ithungele ingxube yamafutha omoya. Igama eliyinhloko lapha lithi "ukuvutha". Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo eyenza imoto ihambe ihilela ukusha, kukhona udoti, njengoba nje kukhona udoti ohambisana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokusha. Uma kubaswa umlilo eziko, imfucuza intuthu, umule nomlotha. Ohlelweni lokuvutha kwangaphakathi, udoti amagesi, izinhlayiya zekhabhoni kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane ezilengiswe kumagesi, ngokuhlanganyela aziwa ngokuthi amagesi aphumayo. I-exhaust system ihlunga lezi mfucumfucu futhi izisize ziphume emotweni.

Nakuba izinhlelo zesimanje zokukhipha umoya ziyinkimbinkimbi, lokhu akuzange kube njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwaze kwaba yilapho kuphasiswa uMthetho Womoya Ohlanzekile ka-1970 lapho uhulumeni enekhono lokubeka inani kanye nohlobo lwamagesi akhipha umoya akhiqizwa yimoto. I-Clean Air Act yachitshiyelwa ngo-1976 futhi futhi ngo-1990, iphoqa abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi bakhiqize izimoto ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha umoya. Le mithetho ithuthukise izinga lomoya ezindaweni eziningi ezinkulu zase-US futhi yaholela ohlelweni lwe-exhaust njengoba silwazi namuhla.

Izingxenye zesistimu ye-exhaust

• I-valve yokukhipha umoya: I-valve yokukhipha i-exhaust itholakala ekhanda lesilinda futhi ivula ngemva kokusha kwepiston.

• I-Piston: I-piston iphusha amagesi avuthayo ngaphandle kwegumbi lomlilo futhi iwafake endaweni eningi yokukhipha umoya.

• I-Exhaust ehlukahlukene: I-exhaust manifold ithwala izinto ezikhishwayo ukusuka ku-piston kuya kusiguquli se-catalytic.

• Isiguquli seCatalytic Isiguquli se-catalytic sinciphisa inani lezinto ezinobuthi kumagesi okukhishwa okuhlanzekile.

• Ipayipi lokukhipha Ipayipi le-exhaust lithwala ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ukusuka kusiguquli se-catalytic kuya ku-muffler.

• Umthungi I-muffler inciphisa umsindo okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha nokukhipha umoya.

Ngokuyinhloko, uhlelo lwe-exhaust lusebenza ngokuqoqa imfucuza enqubweni yokuvutha bese ihambisa ngochungechunge lwamapayipi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesistimu yokukhipha umoya. I-exhaust iphuma ekuvuleni okudalwe ukunyakaza kwe-valve yokukhipha futhi iqondiswe ku-multifold exhaust. Ezindaweni eziningi, amagesi akhipha umoya aphuma kusilinda ngalinye aqoqwa ndawonye bese ephoqelelwa kusiguquli se-catalytic. Kusiguquli se-catalytic, i-exhaust ihlanzwa kancane. Ama-nitrogen oxide ahlukaniswa abe izingxenye zawo, i-nitrogen nomoya-mpilo, futhi umoya-mpilo wengezwa ku-carbon monoxide, okudala isikhutha esincane kodwa esiyingozi. Ekugcineni, umsila uthwala umoya ohlanzekile uwuyise ku-muffler, okunciphisa umsindo ohambisana nawo lapho amagesi akhipha umoya ekhishwa emoyeni.

Izinjini ze-Diesel

Sekunenkolelo yakudala yokuthi i-diesel exhaust ingcole kakhulu kunophethiloli ongenayo i-lead. Leyo ntuthu emnyama embi ephuma kubhazabhaza weloli ikhipha umoya ibukeka futhi inuka kabi kakhulu kunaleyo ephuma kumshini wokuvala imoto. Kodwa-ke, imithethonqubo yokukhipha udizili iye yaba lukhuni kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, futhi ezimweni eziningi, njengoba kubi njengoba kungase kubonakale, i-diesel exhaust ihlanzekile njengaleyo yemoto ephehlwa ngegesi. Izihlungi zezinhlayiya zikadizili zisusa u-95% wentuthu yemoto kadizili (umthombo: http://phys.org/news/2011-06-myths-diesel.html), okusho ukuthi ubona umule kakhulu kunanoma yini enye. Eqinisweni, i-exhaust yenjini ye-diesel iqukethe i-carbon dioxide encane kune-gas injini exhaust. Ngenxa yokulawula okuqinile kokukhipha udizili kanjalo nokwenyuka kwamakhilomitha, izinjini zikadizili zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezincane, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ze-Audi, BMW neJeep.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu kanye nokulungiswa

Ukulungiswa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya kuyinsakavukela. Uma kunezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo ohlelweni olulodwa olusebenza njalo, ukulungiswa okuvamile akunakugwenywa.

• I-exhaust ehlukahlukene eqhekekile Imoto ingase ibe ne-exhaust manifold eqhekekile ezozwakala njengomsindo omkhulu omaka eduze kwenjini ozozwakala njengewashi elikhulu.

• Iphedi ye-Donut engalungile: Kuzophinde kuzwakale umsindo wokukhiya, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuzwakala ngaphansi kwemoto uma umgibeli ehlezi emotweni umnyango uvuleke.

• Isiguquli se-catalytic esivaliwe: Izozibonakalisa njengokulahlekelwa amandla okubukhali kanye nephunga elinamandla lento eshisiwe.

• Ipayipi lokukhipha imfucumfucu noma i-muffler: Umsindo we-exhaust ophuma ku-muffler uzozwakala kakhulu.

• Inzwa ye-O2 enephutha: Hlola ukukhanya kwenjini kudeshibhodi

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokukhipha imoto yesimanje

Kukhona ukuthuthukiswa okuningana okungenziwa kusistimu yokukhipha umoya ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, kuthuthukiswe umsindo, futhi kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle. Ukusebenza kahle kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemoto futhi lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungenziwa ngoomakhenikha abagunyaziwe abazo-oda izingxenye zesistimu yokukhipha umoya ezishintshayo ezihambisana nalezo zakuqala emotweni. Uma sikhuluma ngokusebenza kwayo, kukhona ama-exhaust systems anyusa amandla emoto, kanti amanye angasiza ngisho nasekuwongeni uphethiloli. Lokhu kulungisa kuzodinga ukufakwa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya entsha ngokuphelele. Mayelana nomsindo, umsindo wemoto ungasuka emsindweni ojwayelekile uye emsindweni ongachazwa kangcono ngokuthi unomsindo, kuze kufike lapho umsindo wemoto uqhathaniswa nokuduma. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uma uthuthukisa i-exhaust yakho, udinga ukuthuthukisa nokuthatha kwakho.