Indlela ukumiswa kwemoto kusebenza ngayo

Uma ubuka nje, kubonakala sengathi ukumiswa kwemoto kusebenza kalula. Uma ama-bumps egcina engabi namaqhubu, konke kuhamba kahle, akunjalo? Eqinisweni, uhlelo lokumiswa ludinga umsebenzi omningi, futhi izingxenye...

Uma ubuka nje, kubonakala sengathi ukumiswa kwemoto kusebenza kalula. Uma ama-bumps egcina engabi namaqhubu, konke kuhamba kahle, akunjalo?

Eqinisweni, uhlelo lokumiswa lunenombolo enkulu yemisebenzi, futhi izingxenye zalo kufanele zimelane nemithwalo emikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo ezinkulu zezimoto. Uhlelo lokumiswa lutholakala phakathi kohlaka namasondo futhi lufeza izinhloso ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okufanelekile ukuthi i-suspension ecushwe kahle izomunca amaqhubu namanye amabhampu emgwaqeni ukuze abantu abasemotweni bakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Nakuba lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngokombono womgibeli, umshayeli uzoqaphela ezinye izici zesistimu yokumiswa. Lolu hlelo luphinde lube nesibopho sokugcina amasondo phansi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Amasondo abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni kwemoto. Amasondo yiwo kuphela ingxenye yemoto ethinta umgwaqo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele badlulisele amandla phansi futhi bashayele imoto ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi babe nesibopho sokumisa imoto. Ngaphandle kwesimiso sokumunca amabhampa nemigodi emigwaqweni, imoto izozamazama futhi inyakaze endaweni engalingani, okuyenza icishe ingasebenziseki ngenxa yokushoda kwendlela yokudonsa. Yize i-suspension system iyisixazululo esihle emigwaqeni enamabhampa, yenza umsebenzi ube nzima kakhulu uma ubheka ukuthi amasondo asebhekene nayo yonke imisebenzi yawo ejwayelekile futhi manje sekumele ehle enyuka ukuze amunce amabhampu. isibambo semoto asibonakali sisezimpondweni futhi sijikijelwa njalo.

Yingakho uhlelo lokumiswa luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kunezingxenye eziningi ezihilelekile lapha, futhi ingxenye eyodwa ephukile noma egobile ingonakalisa ukusetha konke.

Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lokumiswa?

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, izimoto zanamuhla zinezimo ezizimele ngaphambili nangemuva, okuvumela isondo ngalinye ukuthi lihambe lizimele ngaphandle kwamanye. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa i-ekseli eqinile elula ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi kanye nomklamo olula. Okuwukuphela kwama-ekseli aqinile asasetshenziswa ezimotweni ezintsha ama-ekseli aphilayo. Ama-ekseli okushayela anamasondo okushayela ekugcineni ngakunye, futhi ama-ekseli afile anamathayi ajikelezayo mahhala ekugcineni ngakunye. Inkinga ngamathayi angemuva angahambi ngokuzimela ukuthi ahlala ebambe i-engeli efanayo kwelinye, hhayi endaweni yomgwaqo. Lokhu kusho ukubamba okuncane kanye nokusingatha okungabikezelwa kangako. Kuze kube yinguqulo yakamuva, i-Ford Mustang yasebenzisa i-ekseli ephilayo futhi yagxekwa kakhulu ngokudela ukusebenza ngokuphatha okungaqondakali.

Ama-axle e-Beam nawo anikela ngesisindo esingadingekile esingaphumi. Isisindo esingaphumi isisindo esingasekelwa ukumiswa. Inqwaba esekelwe ukumiswa ibizwa ngokuthi i-sprung mass. Isisindo esiphansi se-unsprung uma siqhathaniswa nesisindo se-sprung senza imoto ibe lula futhi ibe namandla. Okuphambene kunikeza ukugibela okunzima kanye nomuzwa wokulawula kancane phezu kwemoto. Uma umehluko othumela amandla emasondweni ngama-ekseli unamathiselwe kufreyimu yemoto noma umzimba kune-ekseli ngokwayo, khona-ke isisindo esingaphumi sincane kakhulu. Lesi yisizathu esisodwa esibalulekile, phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo eziningi zokukwazi ukushayela isondo elilodwa ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu amanye amasondo, kungani ukumiswa okuzimele cishe kusetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke ngabakhi bezimoto kumasondo angaphambili nangemuva ezimoto zabo.

Ukumiswa kwangaphambili okuzimele kuvumela isondo ngalinye langaphambili ukuthi liye phezulu naphansi nge-spring kanye ne-shock absorber eboshelwe kufreyimu ekugcineni kanye nengalo yokulawula noma i-wishbone ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-lever yokulawula ifakwe ngaphambili kwemoto eduze nendawo ekugcineni kwe-lever, futhi i-knuckle yokuqondisa inamathele kwenye. I-wishbone yenza into efanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi inamathisele kuhlaka ngamaphuzu amabili, okuholela engxenyeni efana ne-wishbone. Indawo yengxenye ngayinye ohlelweni oluzimele olumisiwe olungaphambili ibalulekile ngoba amasondo angaphambili kufanele ajike futhi agcine ukuhleleka okungapheli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwemoto ephephile.

I-suspension yangemuva ezimele isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nobangaphambili ngaphandle kokubheka isiteringi esishintshashintshayo, njengoba amasondo angemuva awajwayele ukuqondiswa. Izimoto ze-RWD ne-XNUMXWD zinokuhluka okufakwe ohlakeni phakathi kwezingalo zokulawula noma ama-wishbones, kuyilapho izimoto ezishayela ngamasondo angaphambili zine-suspension yangemuva elula kakhulu edinga kuphela iziphethu nama-dampers.

Ama-dampers kanye neziphethu zihlinzeka ngakho konke ukudambisa nokucindezelwa njengoba ukumiswa kuhamba. Iziphethu zinikeza amandla agcina isisindo se-sprung kude namasondo futhi amelana nokucindezelwa. Ama-shock absorbers amasilinda agcwele uwoyela abangela ukuthi ukumiswa kucindezele futhi kunciphe ngenani eliqhubekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe iziphethu ekubhampini phezulu naphansi. Izinqamuleli zesimanje zokushaqeka (noma ama-dampers) zizwela isivinini, okusho ukuthi ziphatha amahithi alula ngokushelela futhi zinikeza ukumelana okwengeziwe namahithi amakhulu. Cabanga ngemithombo njengezinja ezigadayo, ezilungele ukuvikela imoto yakho emaqhumeni. Ama-shock absorber kuzoba yiwo abambe amaleshi ezinja ezigadayo, aqinisekise ukuthi awahambi kakhulu futhi enze umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle.

Izimoto eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezincane, zisebenzisa ama-MacPherson struts atholakala maphakathi ne-coil spring futhi asebenza njengama-shock absorbers. Yonga isikhala futhi ilula.

Ingabe uhlelo lokumiswa lukuthuthukisa kanjani ukunethezeka kwabagibeli?

Uma ukuhamba noma ukunethezeka kwemoto kukuhle, kusho ukuthi ukumiswa kunokuhlukaniswa okuhle nomgwaqo. I-suspension inganyakaza yehle njengoba kudingeka ngaphandle kokunyakazisa imoto. Umshayeli uthola ulwazi olwanele lomgwaqo ukuze aqaphele noma yiziphi izimo zomgwaqo eziphazamisayo futhi ezwe ukuduma uma engena eceleni kothelawayeka.

Izimoto zikanokusho ezindala, ikakhulukazi izimoto zikanokusho zaseMelika, zine-suspension ethambile kangangokuthi umshayeli uzwa sengathi ushayela isikebhe. Lokhu akulungile, njengoba umuzwa womgwaqo (okungenani kancane) uyadingeka ukuze ulondoloze ukuqwashisa ngezimo ngenkathi ushayela. Izimoto zezemidlalo ezishuniwe zasefekthri kanye nezimoto ezihlangene zivame ukugxekwa ngokuhlukaniswa kabi nomgwaqo. Abakhiqizi balezi zimoto bacabanga ukuthi inani labo labantu lincamela izikhathi ezisheshayo emzileni kunokunethezeka emgwaqeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto ezihamba ngesivinini somjaho zithola ukwehla okukhulu emoyeni, okungaholela ekumisweni okungalindelekile kokuziphatha komgwaqo, ikakhulukazi emakhoneni.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zenzeke emzimbeni noma zokugibela ongazibheka zihlanganisa:

• I-Body Roll: Lapho umzimba wemoto uncike ngaphandle uma ujika amakhona. Zonke izimoto zikwenza lokhu ngezinga elithile lapho zijika amakhona, kodwa uma umzimba wemoto uginqika kakhulu, ukushintsha kwesisindo kungabangela imoto ukuba ijikeleze, iphume ekhoneni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ilahlekelwe ukudonsa kwesondo elilodwa noma ngaphezulu. .

• Umkhawulo ophansi: Lapho amathayi eshaya umzimba wemoto lapho ukumiswa kucindezelwe. Lokhu kwenzeka uma imoto ingenayo i-suspension eyanele ukumunca amandla omthelela ekuwo. Ama-Fenders angakuvimbela lokhu ngokudala umcamelo phakathi kokumiswa kanye nohlaka oluvimbela isondo ukuthi likhuphuke ngokwanele ukuze lishaye umzimba wemoto, kodwa uma linganele noma lilahlekile, le nkinga ingenzeka. I-rollover ingalimaza kalula umsebenzi womzimba, amasondo noma isistimu yokumiswa.

I-suspension system isiza kanjani ukuthi imoto ihlale emgwaqeni?

Ikhono lemoto lokubamba emgwaqeni likalwa ngokuthi imoto ingakwazi kanjani ukubambelela kahle futhi ikwazi ukusabalalisa isisindo uma ibhekene namandla ahlukahlukene. Ukuze izinze uma ima, imoto idinga ukumiswa okungavumeli ukuthi ingaphambili lishone phansi noma nini lapho kufakwa amabhuleki. I-acceleration ebushelelezi idinga ukumiswa ukuze imoto ingagqoki ngemuva uma kuvulwa i-throttle. Ukushintsha isisindo kunikeza uhhafu wamasondo ukudonsa okuningi, ukumosha amandla nokudanga izici zokubamba ezingahambisani.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-body roll eningi emakhoneni ayilungile ukubamba. I-Body roll nayo imbi ngoba uma ijika, idonsa ishintshela ohlangothini olulodwa lwemoto ngaphezu kolunye. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amathayi angaphakathi aphelelwe amandla futhi mhlawumbe aphume phezu komgwaqo. Ukumiswa okunikeza ukudonsa okuhle kuzovimbela lokhu ingxenye enkulu.

Ezinye izinkinga zokudonsa ezingahlotshaniswa nesakhiwo sesistimu yokumiswa esingaphansi kokufanelekile zifaka:

• Ukuqondisa Okunomthelela: Uma ishayisa imoto ijikela kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla, kodwa umshayeli akasijikijeli isiteringi. Ukungalungi kahle kahle kwe-suspension kungabangela ukuthi amasondo ancike ngendlela yokuthi kwenzeke le nkinga.

• I-Oversteer: Lapho ingemuva lemoto liphelelwa amandla futhi liphuka ijika. Uma umzimba ugingqika kakhulu emakhoneni, ukushintsha isisindo kungadala ukuthi amasondo angemuva alahlekelwe ukudonsa. Le nkinga ingadalwa nawukuthi amasondo angemuva abe e-engeli engalivumeli isondo ukuthi linamathele ngokwanele emgwaqeni uma lijika.

• understeer: Uma amasondo angaphambili elahlekelwa ukudonsa ekhoneni, okwenza imoto inselele ibheke ngaphandle ekhoneni. Ngokufanayo ne-oversteer, i-body roll noma amasondo ane-lean angle engalungile angabangela amasondo angaphambili ukuthi angakwazi ukudonsa kahle uma ejika. I-Understeer iyingozi kakhulu ngoba izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili ziyaqondisa futhi zidlulisela amandla emasondweni angaphambili. ukubamba kancane emasondweni angaphambili, kuyancipha ukuphatha kwemoto.

• Kokubili i-oversteer ne-understeer ibhebhethekiswa izimo zemigwaqo ezishelelayo.

Isevisi yokumiswa

Njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko wesistimu yokumiswa kuwukudonsa ukushaqeka ukuze kuvikelwe imoto nabagibeli bayo, izingxenye zenziwa ukuthi ziqine ngokwanele. Kunezinye izingxenye eziningana ezimotweni zesimanje eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezingxenye zokumiswa.

Kodwa-ke, ngokunyakaza okungaka namandla akhiqizwa ekumisweni, izingxenye zizoguga noma zilimale. Imigodi emikhulu ingabangela ukuba imoto iwe kanzima kangangokuthi ama-struts abambe iziphethu endaweni yawo agobe noma aphuke.

Imisindo yokudaya ngokuvamile ihambisana nokwehluleka kwezihlahla nokunye ukuxhumana. Uma ikhona elilodwa lemoto liba lukhuni kakhulu uma uhamba phezu kwamabhampa, bheka izinto ezibamba ukushaqeka noma ama-struts ngokushesha. Izinkinga zokumiswa kufanele zixazululwe ngokushesha, ngakho uma ukuphathwa kwemoto noma ukumanzisa kushintsha, kufanele ihlolwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.