Ngabe umjovo kaphethiloli usebenza kanjani?

Uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini, zimbalwa izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kunokulethwa kukaphethiloli. Wonke umoya ongawuphoqa ukuba ungene kumasilinda ngeke wenze lutho ngaphandle kwenani elifanele likaphethiloli ongalishisa. Njengoba izinjini zithuthukiswa phakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwafika iphuzu lapho ama-carburetors aba isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka ekudluliseni ngokusebenza kahle nokuthembeka. Umjovo kaphethiloli usuyisici esijwayelekile kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha.

Ama-injection kaphethiloli enza i-atomize igesi, inikeze ukuthungela okulinganayo nokungaguquguquki ekamelweni lokuvutha. Ngokungafani nama-carburetor, athembele ku-vacuum eyenziwe injini ukuletha uphethiloli kumasilinda, amasistimu wokujova uphethiloli aletha ngokunembile umthamo ongaguquki wamafutha. Izimoto zesimanje zisebenzisa ama-electronic fuel injection systems alawulwa yi-ECU.

Ukukhula komjovo kaphethiloli bekubikezelwa njengokukhuphuka kokuduma kwezimoto ngokwazo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakungakholakali ukuthi imoto ifinyelele ku-60 mph. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, abantu babekhala ngesiminyaminya sezimoto ezihamba phansi emigwaqweni emikhulu ngamamayela angu-60 ngehora. Izimoto namuhla zithembeke kakhulu futhi zihloselwe ukunethezeka nokuphepha kwabagibeli kunalokho noma ubani owayengacabanga eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.

Yini eyathatha indawo yomjovo kaphethiloli?

Amasistimu omjovo kaphethiloli ahlinzekwa njengokuthuthukiswa kuma-carburetors ngesikhathi eqala ukubonakala futhi ahlala kuleyo ndima kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yawo-1980 lapho eseyimishini evamile kuyo yonke imoto entsha. Umjovo wamafutha unikeza inani lezinzuzo ngaphezu kwe-carburetor, kodwa ekugcineni izindleko zokukhiqiza zabulala i-carburetor.

Sekuyisikhathi eside, ama-carburetor abe yindlela elula neshibhe kunazo zonke yabakhiqizi bezimoto ukuhlinzeka ngophethiloli kumasilinda enjini yabo. Uchungechunge lokushoda kukawoyela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kwaphoqa uhulumeni ukuthi alawule ukonga kukaphethiloli wezimoto. Njengoba abakhiqizi babedinga ukuthuthukisa imiklamo ye-carburetor esebenza kahle futhi bakhiqize izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto ze-carbureted zaba phezulu ngokwanele ukuthi umjovo kaphethiloli ube yisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu.

Kubathengi, lezi bekuyizindaba ezimnandi. Izimoto ezifakwe uphethiloli zishayela ngokungaguquki futhi zidinga ukulungiswa nokulungiswa okuncane. Kulula futhi ukulawula ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi ukonga kukaphethiloli kuthuthukiswa ngokuletha uphethiloli ngokuphumelelayo. Kunamasistimu omjovo kaphethiloli amaningi ahlukene, kodwa wonke angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: umjovo kaphethiloli oyimishini kanye nomjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi.

Umjovo wamafutha kagesi (EFI)

Umjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi uvumela ukulawula okunembe kakhulu kwenani likaphethiloli elijovwe kumasilinda. Kulandela inqubo elula:

1. Isibaseli siphuma ethangini likaphethiloli futha kaphethiloli. Idlula emigqeni kaphethiloli iye enjinini.

2. Umshini weSlot isilawuli se-fuel pressure inciphisa ukuhamba kukaphethiloli futhi idlulisele inani elibaliwe kuphela kuma-injector.

3. I-fuel pressure regulator iyazi ukuthi ingakanani uphethiloli okufanele idluliselwe kuma-injection, ngokusho kwesignali evela inzwa yokugeleza komoya okukhulu (MAF). Le nzwa igada ukuthi ungakanani umoya ongena enjinini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Isamba sevolumu yomoya ongena enjinini, kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu somoya/samafutha esibekwe umenzi, siyanikeza iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi (ECU) ulwazi olwanele ukubala inani eliqondile likaphethiloli elidingwa yinjini.

4. Ama-injector kaphethiloli ngokwawo avuleleka ukuze avumele igesi ye-athomu ingene ngqo egumbini elivuthayo noma emzimbeni we-throttle.

Umjovo wamafutha omshini

Umjovo kaphethiloli wemishini wathuthukiswa ngaphambi kwe-EFI futhi wavula indlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-EFI. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili ukuthi amasistimu omjovo kaphethiloli ayimishini asebenzisa imishini ukuze akhiphe inani elifanele likaphethiloli enjinini. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zishuniselwe ukusebenza kahle, njengama-carburetors, kodwa futhi zilethe uphethiloli ngama-injection.

Ngaphezu kokunemba kakhudlwana, lezi zinhlelo azizange zihluke kakhulu kozakwabo be-carbureted. Nokho, zaziwusizo kakhulu ezinjinini zezindiza. Ama-Carburettor awasebenzi kahle ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi. Ukuze kubhekwane nama-g-force akhiqizwa izindiza, kwasungulwa umjovo kaphethiloli. Ngaphandle komjovo kaphethiloli, ukuntuleka kukaphethiloli kungabangela ukuthi izinjini eziningi zezindiza zivaleke phakathi nokuhamba okunzima.

Umjovo wamafutha wesikhathi esizayo

Ngokuzayo, umjovo kaphethiloli uzonemba kakhulu futhi unikeze ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha okuphezulu njalo. Njalo ngonyaka izinjini zinamandla amaningi futhi zikhiqiza imfucuza encane ngamandla amahhashi.