Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lukaphethiloli emotweni yesimanje?

Izimoto zithuthuke ngendlela emangalisayo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi inkinga enkulu abakhiqizi abayixazulule ngale ntuthuko ihlobene nenani likaphethiloli esetshenziswa injini. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlelo zikaphethiloli ezimotweni zesimanje zingaba yinkimbinkimbi. Ngenhlanhla, izindlela ezinzima kakhulu zokonga uphethiloli ezimotweni zibandakanya ukuhlela i-ECU. Ngokomzimba, ngaphansi kwama-hoods ezimoto zanamuhla, ungathola izikimu ezimbalwa zesistimu kaphethiloli.

iqala ngepompo

Ithangi likaphethiloli lemoto linesibopho sokugcina igesi eningi ohlelweni lukaphethiloli. Leli thangi lingagcwaliswa ngaphandle ngembobo encane evalwa ngesivalo segesi uma ingasetshenziswa. Igesi ibe isidlula ezigabeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ifike enjinini:

• Okokuqala, igesi ingena futha kaphethiloli. Iphampu yesibaseli yiyona empompa uphethiloli ngokoqobo ethangini legesi. Ezinye izimoto zinamaphampu kaphethiloli amaningi (noma amathangi kagesi amaningi), kodwa uhlelo lusasebenza. Inzuzo yokuba namaphampu amaningi ukuthi uphethiloli awukwazi ukuhlehla usuka kolunye umkhawulo wethangi uya komunye lapho ujika noma ushayela phansi emthambekeni futhi ushiye amaphampu kaphethiloli omile. Okungenani iphampu elilodwa lizohlinzekwa ngophethiloli nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

• Iphampu iletha uphethiloli imigqa yamafutha. Izimoto eziningi zinezintambo zikaphethiloli zensimbi eziqinile eziqondisa uphethiloli usuka ethangini uye enjinini. Zigijima ezingxenyeni zemoto lapho zingeke zivezwe kakhulu ezintweni futhi zingashisi kakhulu ngenxa ye-exhaust noma ezinye izingxenye.

• Ngaphambi kokuba ingene enjinini, igesi kufanele idlule isihlungi sephethiloli. Isihlungi sikaphethiloli sikhipha noma yikuphi ukungcola noma izibi kuphethiloli ngaphambi kokuba ungene enjinini. Lesi isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu futhi isihlungi sikaphethiloli esihlanzekile siwukhiye wenjini ende nehlanzekile.

• Ekugcineni, igesi ifinyelela injini. Kodwa ingena kanjani ekamelweni elivuthayo?

Izimanga zokujova uphethiloli

Esikhathini esiningi sekhulu lama-20, ama-carburetors athatha uphethiloli futhi awuxuba nenani elifanele lomoya ukuze akhele ekamelweni elivuthayo. I-carburetor incike ekucindezelweni kokudonsa okukhiqizwa injini ngokwayo ukudweba emoyeni. Lo moya uthwala uphethiloli nawo, nawo okhona ku-carburetor. Lo mklamo olula usebenza kahle impela, kodwa uyahlupheka uma izidingo zenjini zihluka kuma-RPM ahlukene. Ngenxa yokuthi i-throttle inquma ukuthi ingakanani ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli i-carburetor eyivumelayo enjinini, uphethiloli wethulwa ngendlela ewumugqa, ne-throttle eyengeziwe elingana nophethiloli owengeziwe. Isibonelo, uma injini idinga uphethiloli ongu-30% ngaphezulu ku-5,000 rpm kunalokho ekwenzayo ku-4,000 rpm, kuzoba nzima ku-carburetor ukuyigcina isebenza kahle.

Amasistimu wokujova amafutha

Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kwadalwa umjovo kaphethiloli. Esikhundleni sokuvumela injini ukuthi idonse igesi ngomfutho wayo wodwa, umjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi usebenzisa isilawuli sokucindezela uphethiloli ukuze sigcine isivaluzi esingaguquki esinikeza uphethiloli kuma-injection kaphethiloli, afafaza inkungu yegesi egunjini elivuthayo. Kukhona amasistimu omjovo wephuzu elilodwa kaphethiloli afaka uphethiloli emzimbeni ophithizelayo oxutshwe nomoya. Le ngxube yamafutha omoya ibe isigeleza kuwo wonke amagumbi omlilo njengoba kudingeka. Amasistimu wokujova uphethiloli oqondile (abuye abizwe ngokuthi umjovo kaphethiloli wembobo) anama-injection aletha uphethiloli ngokuqondile egunjini ngalinye elivuthayo futhi okungenani abe nomjovo owodwa isilinda.

Umjovo wamafutha omshini

Njengamawashi asesihlakaleni, umjovo kaphethiloli ungaba ngogesi noma ngomshini. Umjovo kaphethiloli ongumshini okwamanje awudumile kakhulu njengoba udinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukushuna uhlelo oluthile. Umjovo kaphethiloli osebenza ngomshini ukala inani lomoya ongena enjinini kanye nenani likaphethiloli elingena kuma-injection. Lokhu kwenza ukulinganisa kube nzima.

Umjovo wamafutha we-elekthronikhi

Umjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi ungahlelwa ukuthi usebenze kangcono kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuthile, njengomjaho wokudonsa noma wokuhudula, futhi lokhu kulungiswa kwe-elekthronikhi kuthatha isikhathi esincane kunomjovo kaphethiloli oyimishini futhi akudingi ukushuna kabusha njengesistimu ye-carbureted.

Ekugcineni, uhlelo uphethiloli izimoto zanamuhla ilawulwa ECU, njengabanye abaningi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukubi, njengoba izinkinga zenjini nezinye izinkinga zingaxazululwa kwezinye izimo ngokuvuselelwa kwesoftware. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kuvumela oomakhenikha ukuthi bathole kalula futhi ngokungaguquki idatha enjinini. Umjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi unikeza abathengi ukusetshenziswa okungcono kukaphethiloli nokusebenza okungaguquguquki.