Isebenza kanjani injini yesimanje

Uvula ukhiye ekuthuthweni bese injini iqala. Unyathela uphethiloli imoto iya phambili. Ukhipha ukhiye injini iyacisha. Isebenza kanjalo injini yakho, akunjalo? Inemininingwane eminingi kakhulu kunalokho iningi lethu elikuqaphelayo, okungemuva kwesigcawu okwenzeka njalo ngomzuzwana.

Ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwenjini yakho

Injini yemoto yakho yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ibhulokhi yesilinda nekhanda lesilinda.

Ingaphezulu lenjini libizwa nge-cylinder head. Iqukethe ama-valve avulekayo navalekayo ukuze alawule ukugeleza kwengxube yomoya/uphethiloli kanye namagesi akhipha umoya aphuma kumasilinda ngamanye. Okungenani kufanele kube namavalvu amabili isilinda ngalinye: elilodwa elokuthatha (ukukhishwa kwengxube yamafutha omoya engashisiwe kusilinda) nelinye elokukhipha umoya (ukukhishwa kwengxube yesibaseli somoya esichithiwe enjinini). Izinjini eziningi zisebenzisa ama-valve amaningi kukho kokubili ukungena nokukhipha umoya.

I-camshaft ixhunywe phakathi nendawo noma ngaphezulu kwekhanda le-cylinder ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-valve. I-camshaft inama-projection abizwa ngokuthi ama-lobes aphoqa ama-valve ukuthi avule futhi avale ngokunembile.

I-camshaft ne-crankshaft zihlobene eduze. Kufanele zigijime ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze injini isebenze nhlobo. Axhunywe ngeketango noma ibhande lesikhathi ukuze kugcinwe lesi sikhathi. I-camshaft kufanele igcwalise ama-revolution amabili aphelele kukho konke ukuphenduka kwe-crankshaft. Inguquko eyodwa ephelele ye-crankshaft ilingana nemivimbo emibili yepiston kusilinda sayo. Umjikelezo wamandla—inqubo ekhiqiza amandla owadingayo ukuze uhambise imoto yakho—idinga imivimbo ye-piston emine. Ake sibhekisise ukuthi ipiston isebenza kanjani ngaphakathi kwenjini kanye nezigaba ezine ezihlukene:

• Ukusetshenziswa: Ukuqala umjikelezo wemisebenzi, into yokuqala edingwa injini ingxube yamafutha omoya engena kusilinda. I-valve yokudonsa ivula ekhanda le-cylinder lapho i-piston iqala ukwehla. Ingxube ye-fuel-air ingena kusilinda ngesilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-15:1. Lapho i-piston ifika phansi, i-valve yokudonsa iyavala futhi ivale isilinda.

• ukucindezela: Ipiston ihambela phezulu kusilinda, icindezela ingxube yomoya/yamafutha. Amasongo e-piston avala izinhlangothi zepiston kusilinda, avimbele ukulahlekelwa ukucindezelwa. Lapho i-piston ifinyelela phezulu kwalesi sifo, okuqukethwe kwe-cylinder kungaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Ukucindezelwa okuvamile kuphakathi kuka-8:1 no-10:1. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxube ekusilinda icindezelwe ibe cishe ingxenye yeshumi yevolumu yayo yasekuqaleni engacindezelwe.

• Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi: Uma okuqukethwe kwesilinda kucindezelwa, ipulaki yenhlansi ithungela ingxube yesibaseli somoya. Kukhona ukuqhuma okulawulwayo okuphusha ipiston phansi. Ibizwa nge-power stroke ngoba ingamandla ajika u-crankshaft.

• Qeda: Uma i-piston ingaphansi kwe-stroke yayo, i-valve yokukhipha umoya ekhanda lesilinda iyavuleka. Lapho i-piston ikhuphuka futhi (ngaphansi kwethonya lemijikelezo yamandla ngesikhathi esisodwa eyenzeka kwamanye amasilinda), amagesi ashile akusilinda aphushwa akhuphuke aphume enjinini ngevalvu yokukhipha umoya. Lapho i-piston ifinyelela phezulu kwalesi sifo, i-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavala futhi umjikelezo uqala futhi.

• Cabanga ngakho: Uma injini yakho ibambezeleka ku-700 RPM noma i-RPM, lokho kusho ukuthi i-crankshaft izungeza ngokugcwele izikhathi ezingu-700 ngomzuzu. Njengoba umjikelezo wokusebenza uvela njalo ngemva kokuphenduka kwesibili, isilinda ngasinye sinokuqhuma okungama-350 kusilinda sawo njalo ngomzuzu lapho singenzi lutho.

Igcotshwa kanjani injini?

Uwoyela uwuketshezi olubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Kukhona amaphaseji amancane ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zenjini, ezibizwa ngokuthi amaphaseji kawoyela, lapho uwoyela uphoqwa khona. Iphampu kawoyela idonsa uwoyela wenjini epanini likawoyela futhi iwaphoqa ukuthi ajikeleze enjinini, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezingxenye zenjini yensimbi egcwele phama. Le nqubo yenza okungaphezu nje kokugcoba izingxenye. Ivimbela ukungqubuzana okubangela ukushisa okudlulele, ipholisa izingxenye zenjini yangaphakathi, futhi idale ukuvala okuqinile phakathi kwezingxenye zenjini, njephakathi kwezindonga zamasilinda namapiston.

Yakhiwa kanjani ingxube ye-fuel-air?

Umoya udonswa enjinini ngenxa ye-vacuum edalwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini. Njengoba umoya ungena enjinini, umjovo kaphethiloli ufafaza uphethiloli oxutshwa nomoya ngokwesilinganiso cishe esingu-14.7:1. Le ngxube imuncwa enjinini phakathi nomjikelezo ngamunye wokudla.

Lokhu kuchaza ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwangaphakathi kwenjini yesimanje. Inqwaba yezinzwa, amamojula, nezinye izinhlelo nezingxenye zisebenza phakathi nale nqubo, okuvumela injini ukuthi isebenze. Iningi lezimoto emgwaqeni zinezinjini ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Uma ucabangela ukunemba okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe amakhulu ezingxenye zenjini zisebenza kahle, ngendlela efanele futhi enokwethenjelwa ezinkulungwaneni zamamayela phakathi neminyaka eminingi yesevisi, uqala ukwazisa umsebenzi wonjiniyela kanye nezinsimbi zokukuyisa lapho udinga ukuba khona. hamba.