Indlela isistimu yokugcoba injini isebenza ngayo

Amafutha enjini afeza injongo ebalulekile: Athambisa, ahlanze futhi apholise izingxenye eziningi ezihambayo zenjini ezihamba emijikelezweni eyizinkulungwane ngomzuzu. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuguga kwezingxenye zenjini futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zisebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa alawulwayo. Ukuhamba njalo kwamafutha amasha ngohlelo lokugcobisa kunciphisa isidingo sokukhanda futhi kwandisa impilo yenjini.

Izinjini zinenqwaba yezingxenye ezihambayo futhi zonke zidinga ukugcotshwa kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuzinzile. Njengoba edlula enjinini, uwoyela uhamba phakathi kwezingxenye ezilandelayo:

umqoqi wamafutha: Ipani likawoyela, elaziwa nangokuthi i-sump, livamise ukuba ngaphansi kwenjini. Isebenza njengendawo yokugcina uwoyela. Amafutha anqwabelana lapho uma injini icishiwe. Izimoto eziningi zinamalitha kawoyela amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ku-sump yazo.

Iphampu yamafutha: Iphampu kawoyela iphampa uwoyela, iwuphushele enjinini futhi inikeze ukugcotshwa njalo ezingxenyeni.

I-tube yokukhipha: Inikwe amandla yiphampu kawoyela, leli shubhu lidonsa uwoyela epanini likawoyela lapho injini ivuliwe, iqondise ngesihlungi sikawoyela kuyo yonke injini.

Ingcindezi impumuzo valve: Ilawula umfutho kawoyela ukuze ugeleze njalo njengoba umthwalo nesivinini senjini sishintsha.

Isihlungi samafutha: Ihlunga uwoyela ukuze ibambe imfucumfucu, ukungcola, izinhlayiya zensimbi nokunye ukungcola okungagqoka futhi kulimaze izingxenye zenjini.

Izimbobo ze-Spurt namagalari: Amashaneli nezimbobo eziboshiwe noma eziphonswe ku-cylinder block kanye nezingxenye zayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwamafutha kuzo zonke izingxenye.

Izinhlobo ze-settler

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamathangi e-sedimentation. Eyokuqala yi-sump emanzi, esetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi. Kulolu hlelo, i-pan kawoyela itholakala phansi enjinini. Lo mklamo ulungele izimoto eziningi ngoba i-sump iseduze nendawo ethathwa uwoyela futhi ishibhile ukuyikhiqiza nokuyilungisa.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-crankcase yi-sump eyomile, evame ukubonakala ezimotweni ezisebenza kakhulu. Ipani likawoyela litholakala kwenye indawo enjinini kunangaphansi. Lo mklamo uvumela imoto ukuthi yehlele phansi phansi, eyehlisa isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi futhi ithuthukise ukuphatha. Kuyasiza futhi ukuvimbela indlala kawoyela uma uwoyela uphuma epayipini elingenisayo phakathi nemithwalo ephakeme yamakhona.

Enzani amafutha emoto

Amafutha enzelwe ukuhlanza, ukupholisa kanye nokugcoba izingxenye zenjini. Amafutha agcoba izingxenye ezinyakazayo ngendlela yokuthi lapho zithinta, zishibilike kunokuba zinwaye. Cabanga ngezicucu ezimbili zensimbi ezihambayo. Ngaphandle kwamafutha, azonwaya, aklwebhe futhi adale omunye umonakalo. Ngamafutha phakathi, izingcezu ezimbili ziyashelela ngokungqubuzana okuncane kakhulu.

Amafutha abuye ahlanze izingxenye ezihambayo zenjini. Phakathi nenqubo yokusha, izinto ezingcolile ziyakhiwa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlayiya zensimbi ezincane zinganqwabelana lapho izingxenye zishibilika ziphikisana. Uma injini ivuza noma ivuza, amanzi, ukungcola, nemfucumfucu yomgwaqo nayo ingangena enjinini. Amafutha abamba lezi zinto ezingcolile, lapho zisuswa khona ngesisefo samafutha njengoba amafutha edlula enjinini.

Izimbobo zokungena zifafaza uwoyela ngaphansi kwamapiston, okudala ukuvala okuqinile ngokumelene nezindonga zesilinda ngokwakha ungqimba oluwuketshezi oluncane kakhulu phakathi kwezingxenye. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle namandla njengoba uphethiloli osegunjini lomlilo ungasha ngokuphelele.

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wamafutha wukuthi asusa ukushisa ezingxenyeni ezithile, andise impilo yawo futhi avimbele injini ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ngaphandle kwamafutha, izakhi zizoklwebhana njengensimbi engenalutho, idale ukungqubuzana nokushisa okuningi.

Izinhlobo zamafutha

Amafutha angama-petroleum noma ama-synthetic (non-petroleum) amakhemikhali amakhemikhali. Ngokuvamile ziyingxube yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa ama-hydrocarbon, ama-olefin e-polyintrinsic, nama-polyalphaolefins. Amafutha akalwa nge-viscosity noma ukujiya kwawo. Amafutha kufanele abe mkhulu ngokwanele ukuze agcobe izingxenye, kodwa abe mncane ngokwanele ukuthi angadlula kumagalari naphakathi kwezikhala eziwumngcingo. Ukushisa kwe-ambient kuthinta i-viscosity kawoyela, ngakho-ke kufanele igcine ukugeleza okuphumelelayo ngisho nasebusika obubandayo nasehlobo elishisayo.

Izimoto eziningi zisebenzisa uwoyela ojwayelekile osuselwa ku-petroleum, kodwa izimoto eziningi (ikakhulukazi ezigxile ekusebenzeni) zenzelwe ukuthi zisebenze namafutha okwenziwa. Ukushintsha phakathi kwazo kungabangela izinkinga uma injini yakho ingadalelwe enye noma enye. Ungathola ukuthi injini yakho iqala ukushisa uwoyela ongena egunjini lomlilo bese uyasha, ngokuvamile ukhiqiza intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma kusisi.

Uwoyela we-Synthetic Castrol unikeza izinzuzo ezithile emotweni yakho. I-Castrol EDGE ayizweli kancane ekushintshanisweni kwezinga lokushisa futhi ingasiza ukuthuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli. Iphinde yehlise ukungqubuzana ezingxenyeni zenjini uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha asuselwa ku-petroleum. Amafutha okwenziwa i-Castrol GTX Magnatec andisa impilo yenjini futhi anciphise isidingo sokulungiswa. I-Castrol EDGE High Mileage yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvikela izinjini ezindala nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Amafutha okulinganisa

Uma ubona ibhokisi lamafutha, uzobona isethi yezinombolo kule ilebula. Le nombolo ikhombisa izinga likawoyela, okubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi yimaphi amafutha okumele uwasebenzise emotweni yakho. Uhlelo lokugreda lunqunywa i-Society of Automotive Engineers, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi ungabona i-SAE ebhokisini likawoyela.

I-SAE ihlukanisa amabanga amabili kawoyela. Enye ye-viscosity ekushiseni okuphansi kanye nebanga lesibili le-viscosity ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngokuvamile izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenjini. Isibonelo, uzobona amafutha anegama elithi SAE 10W-40. I-10W ikutshela ukuthi amafutha ane-viscosity engu-10 emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye ne-viscosity engu-40 emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Amaphuzu aqala ku-zero futhi akhuphuka ngokukhuphuka okuhlanu kuye kweshumi. Ngokwesibonelo, uzobona uwoyela amabanga 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, noma 60. Ngemva kwezinombolo 0, 5, 10, 15, noma 25, uzobona uhlamvu W, okusho ubusika. Uma inombolo ephambi kuka-W incane, igeleza kangcono emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Namuhla, uwoyela we-multigrade usetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni. Lolu hlobo lwamafutha lunezithasiselo ezikhethekile ezivumela amafutha ukuba asebenze kahle emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene. Lezi zithako zibizwa ngokuthi izithuthukisi ze-viscosity index. Ngokusebenza, lokhu kusho ukuthi abanikazi bezimoto akusadingeki bashintshe uwoyela wabo njalo entwasahlobo nasekwindla ukuze bavumelane nezimo zokushisa ezishintshayo, njengoba babejwayele.

Amafutha anezithasiselo

Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa inkomba ye-viscosity, abanye abakhiqizi bafaka ezinye izithasiselo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kukawoyela. Isibonelo, izinto zokuhlanza zingase zengezwe ukuhlanza injini. Ezinye izithasiselo zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala noma ukunciphisa i-asidi ngemikhiqizo.

Izithasiselo ze-molybdenum disulfide zazisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuguga nokungqubuzana futhi zazidumile kwaze kwaba ngawo-1970. Izithasiselo eziningi azizange zifakazelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza noma ukunciphisa ukuguga futhi manje azivamile kangako emafutheni ezimoto. Izimoto eziningi ezindala zizofakwa i-zinc, ebalulekile kuwoyela, uma kubhekwa ukuthi injini ibisebenza kuphethiloli omthofu.

Uma uhlelo lokuthambisa lungasebenzi kahle, kungase kubangele ukulimala okukhulu kwenjini. Enye yezinkinga ezisobala kakhulu ukuvuza kwamafutha enjini. Uma inkinga ingalungiswa, imoto ingaphelelwa uwoyela, kubangele ukulimala kwenjini ngokushesha futhi kudinge ukulungiswa okumba eqolo noma ukushintshwa.

Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuthola ukuvuza kwamafutha. Isizathu singase sibe uphawu olulimele noma oluvuzayo noma i-gasket. Uma kuyi-oil pan gasket, ingashintshwa kalula ezimotweni eziningi. Ukuvuza kwe-head gasket kungalimaza unomphela injini yemoto, futhi uma kwenzeka kuvuza, yonke i-gasket yekhanda kuyodingeka ishintshwe. Uma isisipholisi sakho sinombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi inkinga ngegasket yekhanda le-cylinder eliphephukayo kanye namafutha avuzela kusipholisa.

Enye inkinga ukukhanya komfutho kawoyela kuyakhanya. Ukucindezela okuphansi kungenzeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ukugcwalisa imoto ngohlobo olungalungile lwamafutha kungabangela ukucindezela okuphansi ehlobo noma ebusika. Isihlungi esivalekile noma iphampu kawoyela engalungile nayo izonciphisa umfutho kawoyela.

Ukugcinwa kwesistimu yakho yokugcoba

Ukugcina injini isesimweni esihle, kuyadingeka ukusevisa isistimu yokugcoba. Lokhu kusho ukushintsha uwoyela nesihlungi njengoba kunconyiwe kubhukwana lomnikazi, okuvamise ukwenzeka njalo ngamamayela angu-3,000-7,000. Kufanele futhi usebenzise kuphela izinga likawoyela elituswe umenzi. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinkinga ngenjini noma ukuvuza kwamafutha, kufanele unikeze imoto ngokushesha ngamafutha e-Castrol asezingeni eliphakeme nguchwepheshe wensimu ye-AvtoTachki.