Ngabe ukumiswa okulungisekayo kusebenza kanjani?

Ukumiswa kwemoto ngayinye—isethi yezingxenye eziyisekelayo, ziyivimbile emithonjeni, futhi ziyivumele ukuba ijike—kumele ukuyekethisa kwedizayini. Abakhiqizi bezimoto kumele bacabangele izinto eziningi lapho beklama ukumiswa kwanoma iyiphi imoto, okuhlanganisa:

• Isisindo
• Izindleko
• Ukubumbana
• Izici zokuphatha ezifiselekayo
• Ukunethezeka kokugibela okufunayo
• Umthwalo Olindelwe (Abagibeli Nempahla) - Okungenani Nobukhulu
• Ukuhlanzeka, kokubili ngaphansi kwesikhungo semoto, nangaphambili nangemuva
• Isivinini kanye nolaka imoto ezoshayelwa ngayo
• Ukuqina Kokuphahlazeka
• Imvamisa yesevisi nezindleko

Unakho konke lokhu engqondweni, kuyamangaza ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto babhalansisa kahle izinto ezahlukahlukene. Ukumiswa kwazo zonke izimoto zanamuhla, iloli kanye ne-SUV yakhelwe izimo ezahlukene kanye nokulindela okuhlukile; akekho ophelele kukho konke, futhi bambalwa kakhulu abaphelele kunoma yini. Kodwa ingxenye enkulu, abashayeli bathola lokho abakulindele: umnikazi weFerrari ulindele ukusebenza okuhle ekulawuleni isivinini esikhulu ngezindleko zokunethezeka kokugibela, kuyilapho umnikazi weRolls Royce evame ukulindela futhi athole ukugibela okunethezekile emotweni okungaba nedlanzana i-hippodrome.

Lokhu kuvumelana kwanele kubantu abaningi, kodwa abanye abashayeli - nabanye abakhiqizi - abathandi ukuyekethisa uma kungenasidingo. Kulapho ukumiswa okulungisekayo kusiza khona. Okunye ukumiswa kuvumela ukulungiswa, okungaba umshayeli noma ngokuzenzekelayo yimoto ngokwayo, ukuze kuhambisane nezinguquko ezithile ezimweni. Empeleni, imoto enokumiswa okulungisekayo isebenza njengokumiswa okubili noma ngaphezulu okuhlukene, kuye ngokuthi yini edingekayo.

Ezinye izimoto ezintsha zithengiswa ngokumiswa okulungisekayo, kuyilapho ezinye izilungiselelo ezilungisekayo zinikezwa njengezixazululo ze-"aftermarket", okusho ukuthi ikhasimende ngalinye liyazithenga futhi lizifake. Kodwa noma ngabe i-OEM (umkhiqizi wemishini yasekuqaleni - i-automaker) noma i-aftermarket, ukumiswa kwanamuhla okulungiswayo kuvame ukukuvumela ukuthi ulungise okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo.

Ukususwa

Ezinye izimoto ezihamba phambili zingakhuphula noma zehlise umzimba kuye ngezimo, ngokuvamile ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, i-Tesla Model S iphakama ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ingena emgwaqeni ukuze igweme imihuzuko futhi yehle ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-aerodynamics. Futhi amanye ama-SUV angenziwa abe ngaphansi emigwaqweni eyisicaba ukuze kube nozinzo nomnotho, noma kube phezulu ngaphandle komgwaqo ukuze kukhuliswe indawo yokungena. Lesi silungiselelo singase sibe semi-automatic, njengakwiFord Expedition (ephakamayo uma umshayeli edonsa ngamasondo amane), noma azenze ngesandla ngokugcwele.

Ukwehluka kokulungiswa kobude bokugibela ukumiswa kwezinga lomthwalo, lapho ukuphakama kulungiswa khona ukuze kuthwale imithwalo esindayo; ngokuvamile umthwalo ungemuva kwemoto futhi uhlelo luphendula ngokuphakamisa ingemuva kuze kube yilapho imoto isezingeni futhi.

Ukulungiswa kokuphakama kokugibela kuvame ukwenziwa ngama-airbag akhelwe eziphethwini; Ukushintsha komfutho womoya kushintsha inani lokuphakamisa. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa amasistimu we-hydraulic ukuze bafinyelele umgomo ofanayo, ngamaphampu ahlinzeka ngomfutho we-hydraulic ukusiza ukuphakamisa imoto.

Inketho yokulungisa ubude bokugibela ngokwedlulele isistimu ye-"airbag" yemarket, evumela imoto ukuthi yehliswe futhi iphakanyiswe kungazelelwe, kwesinye isikhathi ize ifike lapho imoto ingagxuma khona emoyeni. Lawa masistimu akhelwe ikakhulukazi ubuhle, hhayi ukugibela noma ukusebenza.

Ukugibela Rigidity

Izimoto eziningana (enye yazo i-Mercedes S-Class) ifakwe ukumiswa okusebenzayo, okunxephezela ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu ngokuqinisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukumiswa; benza lo msebenzi besebenzisa i-pneumatic (air) noma i-hydraulic (fluid) variable pressure reservoir. Ukulungiswa kokuqina kokugibela kufakwe kumasistimu emakethe yangemuva anezinga lentwasahlobo elilungisekayo kanye/noma izici zomswakama. Ngokuvamile lokhu kulungiswa kudinga ukuthi ungene ngaphansi kwemoto futhi uguqule okuthile mathupha, ngokuvamile ukudayela lapho kuthuthumela okushintsha ukuthambekela kokushaqeka kube manzi; amasistimu alawulwa yi-cockpit, ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-airbag, awavamile.

Qaphela ukuthi ukumiswa kokumiswa kwe-"sporty", okungukuthi, kuqine kunokujwayelekile, akufanele kudidaniswe nesethingi yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo "yezemidlalo", okuvamise ukusho ukuthi amaphuzu okushintsha asethwe ngesivinini senjini esithe ukudlula esijwayelekile, okwenza ngcono ukusheshisa ngokunciphisa ukonga kukaphethiloli.

Enye i-geometry yokumiswa

Izimoto ezidizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ngezinye izikhathi zivumela ukulungiswa okwengeziwe, ngokuvamile ngokuphendula amabhawodi noma okunye ukufakwa ukuze kushintshwe ijometri eyisisekelo yesistimu, njengokuhambisa amaphoyinti okunamathiselwe e-rollbar. Ngokufanayo, amaloli nama-trailer okufanele athwale imithwalo esindayo ngezinye izikhathi anikeza iziphethu ezinejometri eguquguqukayo-ehambisa amaphuzu okunamathiselwe entwasahlobo-ukuze amukele leyo mithwalo.

Izimoto zomjaho ezizinikele zihamba phambili, zivumela cishe zonke izici zokumiswa ukuba zilungiswe. Umakhenikha womjaho oqeqeshiwe angenza imoto yomjaho ihambisane nethrekhi ngayinye. Ngokwezinga elincane, izinhlelo ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa ezimotweni zomgwaqo, nakuba ukulungiswa ngokuvamile kudinga amathuluzi futhi kudinga njalo ukumisa imoto, ngeke kusetshenziselwe ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezisheshayo ezifana nesivinini esiphezulu.

Ukumiswa okushintshwa kobude sekuqala kuvame kakhulu njengokunikezwa kwemboni njengoba ukukhathazeka komnotho kaphethiloli kukhula. Izimoto eziningi zinamandla e-aerodynamic, okusho ukuthi izonga kangcono kuphethiloli uma iphansi. Ezinye izinhlobo zokumiswa okulungisekayo okubalulwe ngenhla zitholakala kakhulu kumasistimu emakethe angemuva kwemakethe, ikakhulukazi ama-dampers alungisekayo kanye "nama-coilover" (amasistimu ahlanganisa i-coil spring kanye ne-damper elungisekayo ehambisanayo noma i-strut). Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, umgomo uyafana: ukufaka ukulungiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo noma izimo ezihlukahlukene.