Isebenza kanjani i-four-wheel drive

Iyini idrayivu yamasondo onke?

Zonke izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo (AWD) zithumela amandla kuwo wonke amasondo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa umgomo omkhulu uwukuthuthukisa ukudonsa nokusebenza kwemoto. Nakuba idrayivu enamasondo amane iyindlela ebiza kakhulu futhi isebenzisa izingxenye eziningi (izinto eziningi ezingaphuka), inezinzuzo ezinkulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• Ukusheshisa Okuhle Kakhulu: Uma wonke amasondo amane ehlisa amandla (imvamisa), kuba lula ukuthatha isivinini.

• Ukusheshisa okuzinzile: Uma amandla esatshalaliswa phakathi kwama-ekseli amabili, kukhona ukujikeleza kwamasondo okuncane futhi yingakho ukusheshisa kuzinza kakhulu.

• Ukubamba kangcono emigwaqweni eshelelayo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqhwa phansi noma imvula enamandla, i-XNUMXWD izokwenza amasondo abambelele kakhulu lapho isheshisa noma igcina isivinini. Ukushayela wonke amasondo nakho kunciphisa amathuba okuthi imoto ibhajwe odakeni noma eqhweni.

Kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwe-XNUMXWD ne-XNUMXWD. E-US, ukuze imoto ibhalwe ukuthi "all-wheel drive", womabili ama-ekseli kufanele akwazi ukuthola amandla ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile. Uma imoto ine-transfer case, okusho ukuthi uma womabili ama-ekseli ethola amandla, azophoqeleka ukuthi ajike ngesivinini esifanayo, bese kuba amasondo amane, hhayi amasondo amane.

AmaSUV amaningi esimanje nama-crossover asebenzisa amasistimu okushayela amasondo wonke abhalwe ukuthi "Four-Wheel Drive". Lokhu kuvumela ama-ekseli ukuthi ajikelezise ngesivinini esihlukile futhi kunokusetshenziswa okuningi okungokoqobo, okusho ukuthi abakhiqizi bavamise ukubekela amasondo amasondo amane wangempela ezimotweni ezisindayo nezingekho emgwaqeni. Zingabhalwa ukuthi zidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ngoba ngokobuchwepheshe zivumela wonke amasondo ukuthi ashayele imoto iye phambili. Ukulebula i-XNUMXWD drivetrain ngokuthi XNUMXWD nakho kuyenza ibe mahlehle futhi ifane neSUV ezinikele.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-four-wheel drive?

Uma imoto inomehluko ophakathi nendawo, khona-ke ukwakheka kokudlulisela kufana nokufakwa kwe-back-wheel drive. Injini ihamba ku-gearbox bese ibuyela ku-different. Ngokuvamile injini ifakwe longitudinally. Esikhundleni sokuxhunywa kumehluko wangemuva, njengasemotweni edonsa ngamasondo angemuva, i-driveshaft ixhumeke kumehluko ophakathi nendawo.

Umehluko omaphakathi usebenza ngendlela efanayo njengokwehluka kunoma imaphi ama-ekseli. Lapho uhlangothi olulodwa lomehluko luzungeza ngesivinini esihlukile kunolunye, luvumela uhlangothi olulodwa ukuba lushelele kuyilapho olunye luthola amandla engeziwe. Ukusuka kumehluko ophakathi nendawo, i-driveshaft eyodwa iqonda ngqo ku-differial ngemuva bese enye idlulele phambili. I-Subaru isebenzisa isistimu ewukuhluka kwalolu hlobo lwamasondo onke. Esikhundleni sokuthi i-driveshaft iye ku-axle yangaphambili, umehluko wangaphambili wakhelwe endaweni yokudlulisa kanye nomehluko ophakathi.

Uma imoto ingenawo umehluko ophakathi nendawo, khona-ke indawo yayo kungenzeka ifane nemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili. Injini kungenzeka ukuthi ifakwe ngokuphambana, idlulisela amandla ku-gearbox. Esikhundleni sokuthi wonke amandla awaqondise emasondweni angaphansi kwenjini, amanye amandla aphinde athunyelwe ku-different kwi-asi emelene ne-driveshaft esuka ku-gearbox. Lokhu kusebenza ngokufana nohlelo lokuhlukanisa phakathi nendawo, ngaphandle kokuthi ukudlulisa cishe njalo kuthola amandla amaningi kune-asi ehlukile. Lokhu kuvumela imoto ukuthi ikwazi ukudonsa ngawo wonke amasondo kuphela uma kudingeka ukudonsa okwengeziwe. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu lunikeza ukonga kukaphethiloli okuthuthukisiwe futhi ngokuvamile lulula. Okubi wukusebenza kancane kokushayela wonke amasondo emigwaqweni eyomile.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-all-wheel drive

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokushayela wonke amasondo asetshenziswa ezimotweni namuhla:

• Permanent drive-wheel ezine: Lolu hlobo lokudlulisa lusebenzisa okuthathu okuhlukile ukusabalalisa kahle amandla kuwo wonke amasondo amane. Kulolu hlelo, wonke amasondo athola amandla ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amasistimu adonsa ngawo wonke amasondo adume kakhulu ngalolu hlelo ahlanganisa i-Audi Quattro all-wheel drive kanye ne-Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive. Izimoto zomjaho wama-rally nezinto ezilingana nazo ezihamba emgwaqeni zisebenzisa lolu hlobo lokusetha i-AWD cishe emhlabeni wonke.

• Ukushayela ngamasondo amane okuzenzakalelayo: Awukho umehluko phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwamasondo onke. U-gearbox oshayela isethi eyodwa yamasondo ithumela amandla amaningi ngqo kwi-axle yangaphambili noma yangemuva, kanti i-driveshaft ithumela amandla ku-differential kwi-ekseli ephambene. Ngalolu hlobo lwesistimu, umshayeli uthola kuphela izinzuzo zokushayela wonke amasondo ezimeni eziphansi zokudonsa. Lokhu kusetha kuthatha indawo encane kunenye futhi kuvumela imoto ukuthi isebenze kahle uma isebenza njengedrayivu yamasondo angaphambili noma angemuva.

Ikuphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa amasondo onke?

• Izimoto ezibona isimo sezulu esiningi: Kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezineqhwa kakhulu noma ezinemvula bekhetha izimoto ezingama-XNUMXxXNUMX. Mancane amathuba okuthi babhajwe futhi maningi amathuba okuthi baphume uma bebhajwa. Uma kuhlanganiswe namathayi ahambisana nesimo sezulu, idrayivu yonke icishe ingami.

• Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhiqiza: Ukubamba kubalulekile ezimotweni ezinamandla. Ukudonsa okuqinile kuvumela imoto ukuthi yehle ngokushesha futhi isheshise iphume emakhoneni. Zonke iLamborghini neBugatti zidonsa ngamasondo amane. Nakuba buyanda ubungozi bokushayela i-understeer (amasondo angaphambili alahlekelwa ukudonsa ekhoneni), ubuchwepheshe besimanje benza lokhu kungabi indaba enkulu.

Yibuphi ububi bokushayela wonke amasondo?

• Ukuthumela amandla kuwo womabili ama-ekseli kwenza imoto ingawongi amafutha. Kumele isebenzise amandla amaningi ukuze wonke amasondo ajikeleze nokunye ukwenza imoto ijubane.

• Izici zokuphatha azithandwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Yize idrayivu wonke ivumela abathengi ukuthi bathole ezinye zezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu zezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili kanye nezimoto ezidonsa ngemuva, ingaphinda iveze izici ezingezinhle zazo zombili. Ezinye izimoto zingase zishaye phansi uma amasondo angaphambili ethola amandla amaningi emakhoneni, kanti ezinye zingase zidlule uma amasondo angemuva ethola amandla amaningi. Lokhu kuyindaba yokunambitheka komshayeli kanye nemoto ethile.

• Izingxenye ezengeziwe zisho isisindo esiningi. Ngenxa yesisindo, imoto yenza kabi kakhulu futhi idla uphethiloli owengeziwe. Izingxenye ezengeziwe zibuye zisho izinto eziningi ezingaphuka. Phezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimoto ezingama-XNUMXWD zivame ukubiza ngaphezulu, ukulungiswa nokulungiswa nakho kungabiza kakhulu ngokuzayo.

Ingabe wonke amasondo angifanele?

Kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezithola iqhwa eliningi njalo ngonyaka, izimoto eziyi-XNUMXxXNUMX zinengqondo ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Izindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuwonga kukaphethiloli okubi kakhulu kuwufanele ukushayela emgwaqeni eqhweni elinzima noma ukushayela endaweni edonsa kanzima eqhweni okushiywe ngengozi i-tiller. Ezifundeni ezinjalo, izimoto ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo nazo zinenani eliphezulu lokuthengisa kabusha.

Nokho, izinkinga eziningi zokudonsa zingaxazululwa ngamathayi esizini. Imigwaqo eminingi ingashayelwa njalo ngokwanele ezindaweni eziningi okungajwayelekile ukuthi idrayivu enamasondo amane idingeke. I-All-wheel drive ayikuthuthukisi ukusebenza kwebhuleki noma isiteringi emigwaqweni eshelelayo, ngakho-ke izimoto eziyisebenzisayo aziphephile ngempela.