Isebenza kanjani iphampu kawoyela, idivayisi kanye nokungasebenzi kahle

Uhlelo lokuthambisa lwenjini yemoto lwakhiwe phezu komgomo wokuhlinzeka uwoyela owuketshezi kuwo wonke amapheya ezingxenye ezishayisanayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngemuva kwalokho, iphinde igeleze ku-crankcase, ukusuka lapho ithathwa khona umjikelezo olandelayo wokudlula emigwaqweni emikhulu.

Iphampu yamafutha inesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwamafutha nokudala ingcindezi edingekayo ohlelweni.

Iphi ipompo likawoyela emotweni

Imvamisa, ipompo itholakala phambi kwenjini, ngokushesha ngemuva kwama-pulleys asizayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngezansi, ngaphansi kwe-crankshaft, engxenyeni engenhla ye-crankcase. Esimweni sokuqala, iqhutshwa ngokuqondile ku-crankshaft, futhi esimweni sesibili, iqhutshwa iketanga elivela ku-sprocket noma ukuhanjiswa kwegiya.

Ukuthathwa kukawoyela kunamathiselwe epompo, ukuvulwa kwayo ngesihlungi esimahhadlahhadla kungaphansi kwezinga likawoyela ku-crankcase, imvamisa ngisho nasendaweni yokuphumula eyenziwe ngokukhethekile.

Izinhlobo

Eqinisweni, wonke amaphampu ayafana, umsebenzi wawo uwukubamba amafutha endaweni ethile yomthamo omkhulu, ngemva kwalokho lesi sikhala sihamba ngenkathi sincipha.

Ngenxa yokungahambelani kwayo, uketshezi olupompayo luzokhama luphume emgqeni wokuphuma, futhi ukucindezela okuthuthukisiwe kuzoxhomeka kubukhulu bejometri, isivinini sokujikeleza, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kanye nokusebenza kwedivayisi yokulawula.

Eyakamuva imvamisa iyivalvu evamile yokwehlisa ingcindezi elayishwe entwasahlobo evuleka ngomfutho othile bese ilahla uwoyela owedlulele emuva ku-crankcase.

Ngokuklama, amaphampu kawoyela wezimoto angaba yizinhlobo eziningana:

• igiyalapho ipheya lamagiya, elijikelezayo, lihambisa uwoyela emigodini phakathi kwamazinyo alo amakhulu kanye nendlu yepompo, iwunikeza ngokuhambisanayo isuka endaweni yokungena iye endaweni yokuphuma;
• uhlobo lwe-rotor, lapha elinye lamagiya anezinyo langaphandle libekwe kwelinye, linezinyo langaphakathi, kuyilapho izimbazo zombili zine-offset, ngenxa yalokho imigodi ephakathi kwawo ishintsha ivolumu isuke ku-zero iye kwephezulu ekuphendukeni okukodwa;
• plunger amaphampu ohlobo lwama-slide awavamile, njengoba ukunemba nokulahlekelwa okuncane akubalulekile lapha, futhi umthamo wezinto zokusebenza mkhulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa kwama-plunger nakho kuphansi kunalokho kwepheya legiya elilula.

I-1 - igiya eliyinhloko; 2 - umzimba; 3 - isiteshi sokuhlinzeka ngamafutha; 4 - igiya eliqhutshwayo; 5 - i-eksisi; 6 - isiteshi sokuhlinzeka ngamafutha ezingxenyeni zenjini; 7 - umkhakha ohlukanisayo; 8 - rotor eqhutshwa; I-9 - i-rotor eyinhloko.

Amaphampu asetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lwe-rotary, alula, ahlangene futhi anokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Kweminye imishini, ikhishelwa ebhulokhini elivamile elinama-balancer shafts, okwenza kube lula iketango odongeni olungaphambili lwenjini.

Ukuklama nokusebenza

I-pump drive ingaba ngomshini noma kagesi. Lesi sakamuva asivamile ukusetshenziswa, ngokuvamile sivela ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugcoba ezinjini zezemidlalo ezine-sump eyomile, lapho amaningana alawa mayunithi efakwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kwezinye izimo, iphampu iyimishini kuphela futhi iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa kuphela:

• indlu, ngezinye izikhathi isesimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-crankcase, iqukethe ingxenye yamafutha, isihlalo se-oil seal yangaphambili ye-crankshaft, inzwa yesikhundla nezinye izinsimbi;
• drive pinion;
• igiya elishayelwa, elishayelwa idrayivu;
• i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi;
• ukungenisa kwamafutha ngesihlungi esiqinile (mesh);
• ukuvala ama-gaskets phakathi kwezingxenye zendlu kanye nokunamathiselwe kwayo ku-cylinder block.

1 - iphampu; 2 - gasket; 3 - umamukeli wamafutha; 4 - i-pallet gasket; 5 - i-crankcase; 6 - inzwa ye-crankshaft.

Umsebenzi usebenzisa isimiso sokuqhubeka kokunikezwa kukawoyela ngamandla anqunywa isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.

Isilinganiso segiya sedrayivu kanye nejiyomethri yomjovo kukhethwa ngendlela yokuthi kuhlinzekwe ingcindezi encane edingekayo ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu, okungukuthi, ngamafutha ashisayo amancane kanye nokugeleza okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngokusebenzisa izingxenye zenjini ezigugile.

Uma umfutho kawoyela usalokhu wehla, lokhu kusho ukuthi izikhala ohlelweni ziphumile, akukho ukusebenza okwanele, injini idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu. Isiginali ebomvu ehambisanayo ikhanyisa kuphaneli yenkomba.

Indlela yokuhlola iphampu yamafutha

Okuwukuphela kwepharamitha okufanele ihlolwe ngaphandle kokuhlakazwa umfutho kawoyela ohlelweni. Ngokulawulwa kokusebenza, eminye imishini inenkomba yokudayela futhi ikhombisa ingcindezi encane evumelekile uma ingenzi lutho namafutha ashisayo. Inzwa yesibani sokulawula isethwe embundwini ofanayo, lokhu kuyinkomba yezimo eziphuthumayo, ngakho-ke inombala obomvu.

Ukucindezela kungalinganiswa nge-manometer yangaphandle, ukufakwa kwayo okufakwe ngaphakathi esikhundleni senzwa. Uma ukufundwa kwayo kungahambisani nokujwayelekile, khona-ke injini kuzodingeka ihlakazwe kunoma yikuphi, ngenxa yokugqoka okujwayelekile noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo. Kwezinye izimoto, idrayivu inganqanyulwa, kodwa manje lokhu kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

Ukuxilongwa nokufakwa esikhundleni se-OIL PUMP VAZ classic (LADA 2101-07)

Ipompo ekhishiwe iyahlakazwa, futhi isimo sayo sihlolwa ngokuningiliziwe. Ngokuvamile, ukugqokwa kwamazinyo ama-rotors namagiya, ukudlala kwe-axle, izimbobo eziphukile endlini, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, ngisho nokuvala kwayo okulula kuyabonwa. Uma ukuguga kuphawuliwe, umhlangano wepompo uthathelwa indawo entsha.

Amaphutha

Inkinga eyinhloko ekuxazululeni izinkinga okubangele ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi kuyoba ukuhlukanisa ukugqokwa kwepompo kanye ne-motor yonke. Cishe akukho ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa iphampu iyodwa. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngemva kokulungiswa kabusha okungafundile, lapho iphampu eguge kabi ingakashintshwa.

Kwezinye izimo, iphutha lisekugqokeni kwama-liner, shafts, turbine, izilawuli ezilawulwa umfutho kawoyela, kanye nokukhubazeka emigqeni yomjovo. Injini ithunyelwa ukuze ilungiswe, lapho iphampu kawoyela nayo ishintshwa. Kungashiwo ukuthi akukho ukungasebenzi okuthile okubonwa njengamanje.

Okuhlukile kungase kube ekucekeleni phansi kwedrayivu nokuvinjelwa kwe-valve nesikrini esimahhadla. Kodwa kungabhekwa njengokuwohloka kwepompo kuphela ngokwemibandela.

Ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle ukugcina uhlelo lokuthambisa luhlanzekile. Amafutha kufanele ashintshwe kabili kaningi njengoba iziqondiso zinikeza, ungasebenzisi amamaki ashibhile kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi, futhi ezinjinini ezinesikhathi esidlule esingaziwa, khipha i-prophylactically pan kawoyela futhi uhlanze ukungcola namadiphozithi ngokugeza isihlungi esamukela uwoyela.