Ibhethri ye-lithium ion yemoto kagesi isebenza kanjani?

Njengoba sesibonile kwesinye isihloko umsebenzi webhethri eliholayo zonke izimoto ezifakwe ngalo, manje ake sibheke isimiso sokusebenza kwemoto kagesi futhi ikakhulukazi ibhethri layo le-lithium ...

Isikhulu

Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhethri, isimiso sihlala sifana: okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza amandla (lapha ugesi) ngenxa yamakhemikhali noma ngisho nokusabela kagesi, ngoba i-chemistry ihlale iseduze nogesi. Eqinisweni, ama-athomu ngokwawo enziwe ngogesi: lawa ama-electron azungeza i-nucleus futhi ngandlela-thile enza "igobolondo" le-athomu, noma "isikhumba" sayo. Ukwazi futhi ukuthi ama-electron amahhala ayizicucu ezindizayo zesikhumba ezichitha isikhathi sazo zisuka ku-athomu eyodwa ziye kwenye (ngaphandle kokunamathela kuyo), lokhu kuphela esimweni sezinto zokuhambisa (kuya ngenani lezingqimba zama-electron kanye nenani lama-electron. ngeprojectile yokugcina).

Sibe sesithatha "ucezu lwesikhumba" kuma-athomu (ngakho-ke ugesi wawo) ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukukhiqiza ugesi.

izisekelo

Okokuqala, kunezigxobo ezimbili (ama-electrodes) esiwabiza i-cathode (+ ukuphela: ku-lithium-cobalt oxide) kanye i-anode (itheminali -: ikhabhoni). Ngayinye yalezi zigxobo yenziwe ngezinto eziphambukisa ama-electron (-) noma ezihehayo (+). Konke kugcwele amanzi i-electrolyte okuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali (ukudluliselwa kwezinto ezivela ku-anode kuya ku-cathode) ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kukagesi. Kufakwa umgoqo phakathi kwalawa ma-electrode amabili (i-anode ne-cathode) ukugwema amasekhethi amafushane.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ibhethri liqukethe amaseli amaningana, ngalinye elakhiwe yilokho okubonakalayo emidwebeni. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, ngigcina amaseli angu-2 wamavolthi angu-2, ngizoba namavolthi angu-4 kuphela ekuphumeni kwebhethri. Ukuze uqalise imoto enesisindo esingamakhulu ambalwa kg, cabanga ukuthi mangaki amaseli adingekayo ...

Kwenzekani endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu?

Kwesokudla kukhona ama-athomu e-lithium. Zethulwa ngokuningiliziwe, nenhliziyo ephuzi imele ama-proton kanye nenhliziyo eluhlaza emele ama-electron abawazungezayo.

Uma ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, wonke ama-athomu e-lithium asohlangothini lwe-anode (-). Lawa ma-athomu akhiwe i-nucleus (eyakhiwe ama-protons amaningana), enamandla kagesi amahle angu-3, ​​nama-electron, abe namandla kagesi angalungile we-3 (1 isiyonke, ngoba 3 X 3 = 1). ... Ngakho-ke, i-athomu izinzile nge-3 emihle kanye ne-3 negative (ayidonseli noma iphambukise ama-electron).

Sikhipha i-electron ku-lithium, okuvela ukuthi inamabili kuphela: bese ikhangwa + futhi idlule ekuhlukaniseni.

Uma ngithintana phakathi kwamatheminali + kanye - (ngakho uma ngisebenzisa ibhethri), ama-electron azosuka kutheminali aye kutheminali + eduze kwentambo kagesi ngaphandle aye ebhethrini. Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-electron avela "ezinweleni" zama-athomu e-lithium! Ngokuyisisekelo, kuma-electron angu-3 azungezayo, u-1 uyadatshulwa futhi i-athomu isasele angu-2. Kungazelelwe, amandla ayo kagesi awasalingani, okubangela nokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Qaphela futhi ukuthi i-athomu ye-lithium iba lithium ion + ngoba manje iphozithivu (3 - 2 = 1 / I-nucleus ibiza u-3 futhi ama-electron angu-2, njengoba silahlekelwe eyodwa. Ukwengeza kunikeza u-1, hhayi u-0 njengangaphambili. Ngakho-ke ayisekho hlangothi).

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubangelwa ukungalingani (ngemuva kokuphula ama-electron ukuze kukhiqize okwamanje) kuzoholela ekuthumeleni lithium ion + ku-cathode (itheminali +) ngodonga oluklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa yonke into. Ekugcineni, ama-electron nama-ion + aphelela ohlangothini +.

Ekupheleni kokusabela, ibhethri liyaphela. Manje sekunokulingana phakathi kwamatheminali + kanye -, manje okuvimbela ugesi. Ngokuyisisekelo, umgomo uwukubanga ukudangala ezingeni lamakhemikhali / likagesi ukuze kwakheke amandla kagesi. Lokhu singakucabanga njengomfula, lapho ukhuphuka kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukushuba kwamanzi agobhozayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umfula uyisicaba, ngeke usageleza, okusho ukuthi ibhethri elifile.

Shaja kabusha?

Ukushaja kabusha kuhlanganisa ukubuyisela emuva inqubo ngokujova ama-electron aye lapho eya khona - kanye nokukhipha amaningi ngokumunca (kufana nokugcwalisa amanzi omfula ukuze usebenzise ukugeleza kwawo futhi). Ngakho, yonke into ekwibhethri ibuyiselwa njengoba yayinjalo ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe.

Ngokuyinhloko, lapho sikhipha, sisebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi lapho sishaja kabusha, sibuyisela izinto zangempela (kodwa ngalokho udinga amandla ngakho-ke isiteshi sokushaja).

Gqoka?

Amabhethri e-lithium aguga ngokushesha kunamabhethri amahle amadala e-asidi yomthofu abesetshenziswa ezimotweni zethu amakhulu eminyaka. I-electrolyte ijwayele ukubola, njengama-electrodes (i-anode ne-cathode), kodwa kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi idiphozi yakha ama-electrode, okunciphisa ukudluliswa kwama-ion ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ... ukubuyisela amabhethri asetshenzisiwe ngokuwakhipha ngendlela ekhethekile.

Inani lemijikelezo engenzeka (ukukhipha + ukushajwa kabusha okugcwele) kulinganiselwa cishe ku-1000-1500, ukuze ngomjikelezo wesigamu lapho ushaja kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-100% esikhundleni sika-0 kuya ku-100%. UKUSHISA kulimaza kakhulu namabhethri e-lithium-ion, ajwayele ukushisa uma edonsa amandla amaningi.

Bheka futhi: Indlela yokulondoloza ibhethri emotweni yami kagesi?

Amandla enjini nebhethri...

Ngokungafani nesithombe esishisayo, amandla awathintwa ithangi likaphethiloli. Uma unenjini engu-400 hp, khona-ke ukuba ne-tank 10 litre ngeke kukuvimbele ukuthola i-400 hp, ngisho noma kungesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ... Ngemoto kagesi, lokhu akufani nhlobo! Uma ibhethri ingenawo amandla anele, injini ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza ngamandla aphelele ... Kunjalo kwamanye amamodeli lapho injini ingasoze yaphushwa ifinyelele emkhawulweni wayo (ngaphandle uma umnikazi edlala futhi engeza izinga elikhulu. ibhethri!).

Manje ake sithole: ukuthi i-ELECTRIC MOTOR isebenza kanjani

Yonke imibono nokuphendula

wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:

mao (Usuku: 2021, 03:03:15)

umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu

Il J. 1 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:

• Ukuphatha UMPHATHI WENDAWO (2021-03-03 17:03:50): Lawa mazwana angcono nakakhulu 😉

(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)

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Uzizwa kanjani ngezibalo zokusetshenziswa ezimenyezelwe abakhiqizi?