Isebenza kanjani i-Generator / Components

Wonke umuntu uyazi, noma ucishe azi, ukuthi i-generator isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ugesi ngezidingo zemoto.

Nokho, ugesi ukhiqizwa kanjani? Injini yokushisa ingayikhiqiza kanjani eyamanje?

Eqinisweni, kuyisimiso somzimba, esidala njengomhlaba, noma kunalokho esidala njenge-physics, ngoba umuntu wathola ukuthi ngokuzungezisa uzibuthe kwikhoyili yocingo lwethusi, ukhiqiza ugesi. Singathola umbono wokuthi siphila esikhathini sobuchwepheshe obukhulu, kepha kusamele sithole okuthile okungcono kunalesi simiso sobuphukuphuku, njengawo wonke umuntu ...

Umdwebo owenziwe lula

umqondo

Injini icishiwe, uzibuthe akanyakazi futhi akwenzeki lutho ...

Injini ivuliwe,

uzibuthe iqala ukuphenduka, inyakaze ama-electron okwamanje e- ama-athomu ethusi (ama-electron afana nama-athomu avala isikhumba). yona amandla kazibuthe uzibuthe obenza baphile. Ngemuva kwalokho siba nesekethe evaliwe lapho ama-electron ukuhamba ngezindilinga, bese sinakho ugesi. Lesi simiso siyefana ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi, izikhungo zamandla ashisayo, noma ngisho nezindawo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.

Injini yokushisa iphotha (i-electro)magnetic ikhoyili, bese ikhiqiza ugesi. Ibhethri liyalithola bese livele liligcine lisesimweni samakhemikhali. Uma i-alternator ingasasebenzi (ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene) ayisashaji ibhethri futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokuqaphela lokhu ukubona ukukhanya kwebhethri okuxwayisayo kungena lapho injini isebenza (imisiwe nokukhanyisa). Lokhu kuhle).

Izingxenye

Rotor

Eyokugcina (i-rotor yokuzungeza), ngakho-ke, ingaba uzibuthe unomphela noma i-modular (i-electromagnet "dosed", ithumela i-excitation yamanje ephakeme noma ephansi, umklamo wezinguqulo zesimanje). Iyazungeza futhi ixhunywe ku-crankshaft ngebhande le-accessory drive. Ngakho-ke, kuhlotshaniswa nama-bearings angaguga ngokushesha uma ibhande liqinile kakhulu (ngomsindo wokhiye).

Imishanelo / Ikhabhoni

Endabeni yerotor enikwe amandla kagesi (ayikho uzibuthe onomphela), kuyadingeka ukuthi ukwazi ukufaka amandla i-rotor ngenkathi iziphethele yodwa ... Ukuxhumeka okulula kukagesi akwanele (ucingo luzogcina luzizungezile). mina!). Ngenxa yalokho, njengasekuqaleni, kukhona amalahle umsebenzi wawo ukunikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezijikelezayo ezihambayo. Njengoba iguga, kungalahleka ukuthintana futhi ijeneretha izoyeka ukusebenza.

stator

I-stator, njengoba negama liphakamisa, imile. Endabeni ye-alternator enezigaba ezintathu, sizoba ne-stator eyenziwe ngamakhoyili amathathu. Ngamunye wabo uzokhiqiza i-current alternating lapho uzibuthe edlula ku-rotor ngoba ama-electron ayo azohamba ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe abangelwa uzibuthe.

Isilawuli se-Voltage

Njengoba ama-alternator esimanje anozibuthe kagesi enkabeni yawo, singakwazi ukulinganisa i-amperage, siyenze isebenze kakhulu noma ingasebenzi (uma siyihlinzeka kakhulu, iba uzibuthe onamandla). Ngakho-ke, kwanele ukulawula okwamanje okunikezwa ku-stator yikhompyutha ukuze kukhawulwe amandla avela kumakhoyili e-stator.

I-voltage etholwe ngemuva kokulawulwa ngokuvamile akufanele idlule i-14.4 V.

I-diode bridge

Iyalungisa eyamanje ngakho-ke iguqula ukushintshana kwamanje (okuvela ku-alternator) ukuqondisa okukhona (kwebhethri). Sisebenzisa umhlangano ohlakaniphile wama-diode amaningana lapha, sazi ukuthi lokhu kokugcina kungawela ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela (ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwe-jargon, kukhona isiqondiso sokuhamba kanye nesiqondiso sokuvimbela). I-diode ivumela kuphela ukugeleza kwamanje kusuka ku- + kuye -, kepha hhayi okuphambene nalokho.

Ngakho-ke, lapho sisebenzisa ukushintshanisa kwamanje kokufaka, kuhlala kukhona okuqondile ngokukhiphayo.

Inkomba yebhethri = ijeneretha ayisebenzi?

Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla kagesi adingwa yimoto njengamanje akhiqizwa ibhethri hhayi i-alternator. Imvamisa siyayazi inkinga uma sekufanele kuqalwe kabusha imoto njengoba i-starter, engugesi, ayinakho ukusebenza nayo. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani ijeneretha emizuzwini emi-3, hamba lapha.

Layisha ukushintshashintsha kwezwi?

Ukufakwa kwama-alternator anamuhla kusekelwe ku-electromagnet, okungukuthi ezingeni le-Rotor ejikelezayo (ngenxa yebhande). Ngokushintsha ijusi efakwe kuzibuthe kagesi, bese sishintsha amandla ayo kagesi (ukuzibuthe okunamandla kakhulu noma okuncane), futhi ngenxa yalokhu, singase futhi siguqule inani likagesi okhiqizwa i-alternator.

Uma ibhethri le-asidi yomthofu libanda, sithumela amandla kagesi engeziwe kulo ngoba ishaja kangcono uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, futhi senza okuphambene lapho kushisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto zanamuhla zivame ukuqoqa amamililitha kaphethiloli lapha nalaphaya ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene, futhi ukucisha i-alternator kungenye yazo. Kulokhu, kwanele ukunqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla kuzibuthe uma ungafuni ukuba ne-torque ephikisanayo ezingeni le-alternator (okuyinto ethintana ngqo nenjini ngebhande), futhi okuphambene nalokho, yenziwe isebenze ngokugcwele uma ufuna ukubuyisela amandla uma wehlisa isivinini (uma injini ibhuleka, asinandaba nokulahleka kwetorque noma amandla ekinetic). Ngakho-ke, kungalesi sikhathi lapho isibani sokubuyisela esimweni esiphuthumayo sikhanyisa kudeshibhodi (yebo, konke lokhu kulawulwa yikhompyutha). Ngenxa yalokho, ama-alternator ahlakaniphile ngandlela-thile, asebenza kuphela ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu futhi lapho kudingeka, ukuze anciphise umzuzu wokumelana nezinga lebhande le-accessory kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuzenzela wena ngokwakho?

Uma i-rotor inganikwa amandla ibhethri, khona-ke akukho mkhiqizo ozokhiqizwa ... Kodwa-ke, uma yonke into ishamba ngesivinini esikhulu, kusazokwenziwa i-current: uhlobo lwe-remanence kazibuthe luzokwenza umsinga ku-Rotor, othi ngakho-ke izoba uzibuthe. Irotor kufanele ijikeleze cishe ku-5000 rpm yazi ukuthi isivinini senjini sizobe siphansi (kukhona igiya lokunciphisa ngenxa yosayizi ohlukile we-pulley ezingeni le-alternator ngokuqhathaniswa ne-pulley. Damper).

Lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi i-self-priming ngakho-ke ivumela i-generator ukuthi ikhiqize okwamanje ngisho nangaphandle kokuyinika amandla.

Ngokusobala, le nkinga ayibalulekile uma sikhuluma ngejeneretha yamagnetic unomphela.

Nayi enye into ehlukile. Umcibisholo ukhomba ku-pulley ozosetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwawo.

Lapha kuse-block engine, sibona ibhande eliyiqhubayo.

Ibhande lishayela ijeneretha eguqula ukunyakaza kube ugesi ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela echazwe ngenhla. Nansi eyokugcina ezimotweni ezimbili ezithathwe ngokungahleliwe.

I-propeller iyakuvumela kupholile i-generator

Esithombeni, ungabona ucingo lwethusi ngokusebenzisa izikhala.

Yonke imibono nokuphendula

wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:

indawo IQHAZA ELINGCONO KAKHULU (Usuku: 2021, 08:26:06)

Namuhla, futhi sekuyiminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi, ama-alternator “elawulwa,” okusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwamanje kuzoncika ekusetshenzisweni kwemoto, hhayi ibhethri.

Isibonelo: Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, i-voltage elawulwayo yehla ibe ngu-12,8 V, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ballast yokonga amandla kumasondo okushayela.

Ngokuzayo, kuzoba ngenye indlela, futhi sizokwazi ukuthola amandla "amahhala".

Lapho-ke isimo ngasinye esidinga ugesi omningi (i-air conditioning, usizo lokuqondisa, isenzo se-anti-lock braking system) kungenzeka sinqume inani laso levolthi yokulawula (kwesinye isikhathi ama-volts ayi-15).

Ukuqinisekisa lo msebenzi, "ileveli enkulu yokushaja" yebhethri isethwe kuma-80 kuye kuma-85% futhi ayisekho ngo-100% ngezilawuli ezilinganiselwe ngaphambilini kuma-volts ayi-14.5.

Ukuze ukwazi "ukubuyisela" amandla okubhuleka, ibhethri akudingeki ligcwale ...

Le misebenzi idinga amabhethri ayithathayo (i-EFB noma i-AGM), futhi kunoma yikuphi ngeke ihlale iminyaka engu-8-10, kodwa cishe iminyaka engu-3-5, ngoba ekugcineni i-sulfate.

Isibonelo esihle se-APV yi-Scenic ka-2014, ngokuhluleka kaningi kwebhethri kunesidingo sokwenza kabusha kabusha i-desulfate recharge okungenani kanye ngenyanga ngemuva kokusetshenziswa engcupheni yokuphumula emgwaqweni.

Ukuwohloka okuvamile: uhambo olufushane lwasedolobheni nokuzungeza, injini ephansi i-rpm endaweni ezungezile, isiteringi samandla kagesi sivuliwe esehlisa kakhulu izinga lebhethri, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi etafuleni, esimweni esibi kakhulu, injini iyama ngenxa yokunganele kwamandla ekhompyutha yomjovo, lokhu iphathi!

Akukho lapho esiye safika khona ngalobu buchwepheshe ngaphandle kwamagremu ambalwa e-CO2, okuzobiza kakhulu umthengi mayelana namabhethri kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokucasula.

Lokhu kungikhumbuza i-2 volt 6Cv yami, lapho ukushajwa njalo kwakufanele kwenziwe.

Futhi angikhulumi ngisho nangalo mkhonyovu omkhulu wokuma nokuhamba. Mangaki amabhethri, ama-starters nama-alternator adinga ukushintshwa nge-1 litre engaphansi kwe-100 ekushayeleni kwedolobha?

Inhlanhla nosuku oluhle.

Joy «l.

Il J. 4 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:

• URay Kurgaru IQHAZA ELINGCONO KAKHULU (2021-08-27 14:39:19): Ngiyabonga, namuhla ngifunde okuthile noma ezimbili kuwe mayelana namabhethri. 😎

  Ngokuma nokuqala, ngivumelana ngokuphelele nawe.

  Qaphela: Ibhethri lamanje ku-200 Mercedes C2001 CDI yami lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ubudala futhi lisaphila.

• Ukuphatha UMPHATHI WENDAWO (2021-08-30 11:09:57): Uma ngibona abasebenzisi be-inthanethi baleli zinga bebamba iqhaza kusayithi, ngizitshela ukuthi angiphuthelwa yikho konke ...

  Siyabonga futhi ngokwabelana ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezinhle, kuyajabulisa ukubona abanye abantu basene-grey matter 😉

• UPatrick 17240 (2021-09-02 18:14:14): Sawubona nginekhaya elinenjini elisuselwa kuDucato 160cv euro 6 ngesiqalo nesitimela kanye ne-adblue futhi ngenkathi ngishayela i-generator yami kuphela ngamanani ku-12,2V, ifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-14 V. , kepha akucaci ukuthi kuhlale kunokwehla okukhulu phambi kwesiteji futhi ngithola ibhethri lishajwa cishe ngo-12,3 V (voltmeter esokeni lesikhwama sogwayi) kanti iFiat ithi lokho kujwayelekile ... ukuvula ibhokisi eliseduze ukuphela okungalungile kwebhethri sithola ukukhokhiswa okungaba ngu-12,7 ubuncane, okungaba ngcono, kepha akusavumi ukuqala futhi kuyeke (ngokungenangqondo), kepha kukhubaza emsakazweni .. amabhethri ami ashaja kahle ngenxa ye-DC-DC efakiwe ngumenzi .. unaso yini isisombululo futhi uyazi ngale nkinga
• UJgodard IQHAZA ELINGCONO KAKHULU (2021-09-03 05:27:22): Привет,

  Phela namuhla zonke izimoto zisebenza ngale ndlela. Ukukhubaza inzwa yezinga lebhethri kuyingxenye yesixazululo futhi kuvimbela ukuma nokuqala, okuyinto ngokubona kwami ​​​​ingcono imoto yomgibeli (ukungasebenzi kahle kokuqala, ibhethri noma i-generator phakathi kweBalkan, hhayi i-rag!).

  Umenzi ngeke akunikeze isixazululo ngoba asitholakali emnyangweni wesevisi. Ikhompyutha idinga ukwenziwa kabusha ukuze ithole izinga lebhethri eliseduze ne-100%, kufanele ube ne-80% njengamanje.

  Uchwepheshe kuphela ongakwazi ukushintsha isibonisi ozokwazi ukwenza lokhu, kunomphakathi wonke osebenza kakhulu futhi ochwepheshe abaziwayo abangabheka lokhu, kodwa ngeke vele ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

  Bheka eduze kwakho ukuze uthole "ukuhlelwa kabusha kwenjini" futhi uthole uchwepheshe "ofakazelwe kahle" owazi ukulungisa amapharamitha e-ECU. Uma ngabe usesiqhingini saseFrance, nginekheli, uma kungenjalo zikhona kuyo yonke insimu. Izindleko zalolu hlobo lokungenelela zixhomeke ekutholakaleni kokutholwa kwamabalazwe, uma ukukhipha ikhompyutha kungadingekile, kumane kuyinhlekisa, ngaphandle kwalokho kungama-euro angama-150.

  Manje isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba ochwepheshe bakhathazeke ngale nkinga, kufanele ukwazi ukuthola isisombululo. Usebenzisa uphethiloli owengeziwe ngenxa yokuthi ukugcina ibhethri isezingeni elifanele kuyizindleko eziphansi, kodwa kuwububula ngemoto (amagremu ambalwa e-CO2).

  Ngikufisela inhlanhla .

  Joy «l.

(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)

Amazwana aqhubeka (51 à 78) >> chofoza lapha

Bhala umbono

Ucabangani ngezimoto ezingabizi kakhulu