Indlela yokuhlola ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni?
Okuqukethwe
Ukuhlola ukuvuza kwamanje akudingekile kuphela ezimotweni ezinesevisi ende, kodwa nasezintsha. Kusukela ekutheni ngolunye usuku ekuseni injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngeke ikwazi ukuqala ngenxa yebhethri efile, labo bashayeli abangaqapheli isimo sezintambo, abathengi abaxhunyiwe kanye namanodi wesekethe kagesi e-on-board iyonke. abaqinisekisiwe.
Ngokuvamile, inkinga yokulahlekelwa / ukuvuza kwamanje ibonakala ezimotweni ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi izimo zethu, kokubili isimo sezulu kanye nomgwaqo, ziholela ekubhujisweni, ukuqhekeka kanye nokuhuzuka kongqimba lwe-insulation wire, kanye ne-oxidation yamasokhethi okuxhumeka kwe-electronics kanye noxhumana nabo be-terminal block.
Okudingayo ukuhlola i-multimeter. Umsebenzi uwukuthi, ukuze khomba ngokususa isifunda esisetshenziswayo noma umthombo othile, othi ngisho uphumule (uma ignition icishiwe) idonsa ibhethri. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungahlola kanjani ukuvuza kwamanje, yikuphi okwamanje okungabhekwa njengokujwayelekile, kuphi futhi kanjani ukubukeka, bese ufunda isihloko kuze kube sekupheleni.
Ukuvuza okunjalo ohlelweni lukagesi wemoto kungaholela ekukhishweni kwebhethri ngokushesha, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kumjikelezo omfushane nomlilo. Emotweni yesimanje, enemishini eminingi kagesi, ingozi yenkinga enjalo iyanda.
Isilinganiso samanje sokuvuza
Ezimotweni zabagibeli ukuvuza kwamanje kwe-25-30 mA kungabhekwa njengokujwayelekile, Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-40 mA. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi le nkomba iyinto evamile uma kuphela i-electronics ejwayelekile isebenza emotweni. Uma izinketho zifakiwe, ukuvuza kwamanje okuvumelekile ingafinyelela ku-80 mA. Imvamisa, okokusebenza okunjengamarekhoda omsakazo ane-multimedia display, izipikha, ama-subwoofers kanye nezinhlelo ze-alamu eziphuthumayo.
Uma uthola ukuthi izinkomba zingaphezu kwesilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile, lokhu kuwukuvuza kwamanje emotweni. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukuthi lokhu kuvuza kwenzeka kusiphi isifunda.
Abahloli bamanje bokuvuza
Ukuhlola nokucinga ukuvuza kwamanje akudingi umshini okhethekile, kodwa i-ammeter noma i-multimeter kuphela ekwazi ukukala imanje eqondile ifike ku-10 A. Izinsimbi ezikhethekile zamanje nazo zivame ukusetshenziselwa lokhu.
Imodi yamanje yokulinganisa ku-multimeter
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi esetshenziswayo, ngaphambi kokubheka ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni, cisha ukushisa, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuvala iminyango, futhi ubeke imoto ku-alamu.
Uma ukala nge-multimeter, setha imodi yokulinganisa ku-“10 A”. Ngemva kokunqamula itheminali engalungile ebhethrini, sisebenzisa i-probe ebomvu ye-multimeter kutheminali. Silungisa i-probe emnyama ekuthinteni okunegethivu kwebhethri.
I-multimeter ibonisa kahle ukuthi ingakanani yamanje edwetshwa lapho uphumule futhi ayidingi ukusethwa kabusha.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamanje Kokuvuza Kwe-Clamp
Ama-clamps wamanje kulula ukuwasebenzisa, ngoba enza kube lula ukukala okwamanje ngaphandle kokukhipha ama-terminals futhi ngaphandle kokuxhumana nezintambo, ngokungafani ne-multimeter. Uma idivayisi ingabonisi "0", khona-ke udinga ukucindezela inkinobho yokusetha kabusha futhi uthathe isilinganiso.
Sisebenzisa izindlawu, siphinde sithathe ucingo olunegethivu noma oluphozithivu siliyise eringini futhi sibheke inkomba yamanje yokuvuza. ama-clamps futhi akuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwamanje komthombo ngamunye ngokuvutha kuvuliwe.
Isizathu sokuvuza kwamanje
Ukuvuza kwamanje ngekesi lebhethri
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani ukuvuza kwamanje kungenzeka. Okuvame kakhulu ibhethri elinganakiwe. Ngaphezu kokuxhumana ne-oxidation, ukuhwamuka kwe-electrolyte kuvame ukwenzeka ebhethrini. Lokhu ungakubona ngomswakama ovela ngendlela yamachashaza eduze kwamalunga ekesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhethri ingahlala ikhipha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungabheka kanjani ukuvuza kwebhethri yamanje, okuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi. Kodwa ngaphandle kwesimo sebhethri emishinini, phakathi kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu, umuntu angaqaphela amadivayisi axhumeke ngokungalungile (amarekhoda omsakazo, ama-TV, izikhulisamazwi, amasignali), akufakiwe kumishini eyisisekelo yemoto. Zibalulekile uma kukhona ukuvuza okukhulu kwamandla emotweni. Kodwa kunezinye izindawo okufanele uzibheke futhi.
Ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni izizathu inokulandelayo:
I-contact oxidation ingenye yezimbangela ezivamile zokuvuza kwamanje.
- ikhebula lamandla omsakazo elixhumeke ngokungalungile kusiwishi sokushisa;
- ukuxhumana hhayi ngokwemiyalelo ye-DVR ne-alamu yemoto;
- i-oxidation yamabhulokhi wokugcina kanye nokunye ukuxhumana kwezintambo;
- umonakalo, izintambo zenqwaba;
- ukuncibilika kwezintambo eduze kwenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo;
- isifunda esifushane semishini eyengeziwe;
- ukunamathela kwe-relay yabathengi abahlukahlukene abanamandla kagesi (isibonelo, ingilazi evuthayo noma izihlalo);
- isicabha esingalungile noma ukushintsha komkhawulo we-trunk (ngenxa yokuthi ukukhombisa hhayi kuphela ukudonsa amandla engeziwe, kodwa i-backlight ingase ikhanyise);
- ukuphuka kwe-generator (ephukile eyodwa yama-diode) noma i-starter (ifushane endaweni ethile).
Ukuze usebenzise imoto nsuku zonke, ukuvuza kwamanje kunxeshezelwa ngokushaja ibhethri kujeneretha, kodwa uma imoto ingakaze isetshenziswe isikhathi eside, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo, ngokuvuza okunjalo, ibhethri ngeke ivumele injini ukuba iqale. Ngokuvamile, ukuvuza okunjalo kwenzeka ebusika, ngoba emazingeni okushisa aphansi ibhethri alikwazi ukugcina umthamo walo okuzisholo isikhathi eside.
Ngokwezincomo zochwepheshe abaningi, kubalulekile ukuhlola zonke izinto zikagesi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kutholakale ukuvuza okungenzeka kwamanje emotweni. Futhi-ke, kanjani ukuhlola ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni?
Indlela yokuthola ukuvuza
Ihlola ukuvuza kwamanje ngokunqamula ama-fuse
Kuyadingeka ukucinga ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni ngokungafaki umthombo wokusetshenziswa kusekethe yenethiwekhi esebhodini. Ngemva kokuvala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi nokulinda imizuzu engu-10-15 (ukuze bonke abathengi bangene kwimodi yokulinda), sisusa ukuphela kwebhethri, sixhuma idivayisi yokulinganisa kumjikelezo ovulekile. Inqobo nje uma usetha i-multimeter kumodi yamanje yokulinganisa engu-10A, inkomba esebhodini lamaphuzu iyona evuzayo.
Uma uhlola ukuvuza kwamanje nge-multimeter, udinga ukuqapha izinkomba ngokukhipha zonke izixhumanisi ze-fuse ebhokisini le-fuse ngayinye. Lapho, lapho enye ye-fuses isusiwe, ukufundwa kwe-ammeter kwehla kuya ezingeni elamukelekayo - lokhu kubonisa ukuthi Ingabe uthole ukuvuza?. ukuze uyiqede, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela zonke izigaba zalesi sifunda: amatheminali, izintambo, abathengi, amasokhethi, njalonjalo.
Ihlola amandla ebhethri nge-multimeter
Umdwebo wokuxhumeka kwe-Multimeter
Ngisho noma, lapho uhlola ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni ene-multimeter, kubonakala sengathi idatha iphakeme kancane kunokujwayelekile, akufanele uzibe lokhu, njengoba ibhethri izoqala ukulahlekelwa umthamo wayo wokushaja ngokushesha kunalokho elizokuthola kujeneretha, okuzobonakala nakakhulu ohambweni olufushane ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Futhi ebusika, lesi simo singaba bucayi kubhethri.
Ungahlola kanjani ukuvuza kwamanje nge-multimeter nama-clamps kuboniswa kuvidiyo.
Sesha ukuvuza kwamanje. Isibonelo
Lapho uhlola ukuvuza kwamanje nomhloli, kuyadingeka ukulandelela ngokushintshana kwawo wonke amaphuzu okuvuza okungenzeka, kusukela kumadivayisi angajwayelekile, kuphele ngezindawo zesekethe ye-wiring engenzeka. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlola ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni ukuhlola indawo yenjini, bese udlulela kumathuluzi nezintambo ezisekhabetheni.
Ihlola ibhethri ukuvuza kwamanje
Ihlola ikesi lebhethri ukuvuza kwamanje
Kunendlela elula yokuhlola ibhethri ukuthi alivuzi yini. kuyadingeka ukukala ubukhona be-voltage hhayi kuphela kumatheminali ebhethri, kodwa futhi esimweni sayo.
Okokuqala, cisha injini bese uxhuma umkhondo obomvu we-multimeter kutheminali ephozithivu, kanye ne-probe emnyama kutheminali enegethivu. Lapho ushintshela umhloli kumodi yokulinganisa kuze kufike ku-20 V, inkomba izoba phakathi kuka-12,5 V. Ngemva kwalokho, sishiya othintana naye omuhle kutheminali, futhi sisebenzise ukuthintana okungalungile ecaleni lebhethri, endaweni enendawo okuthiwa. kusuka ekuhwamukeni kwe-electrolyte noma kumapulaki ebhethri. Uma kukhona ukuvuza ngempela ngebhethri, khona-ke i-multimeter izobonisa cishe i-0,95 V (kuyinkathi kufanele ibe "0"). Ngokushintsha i-multimeter ibe imodi ye-ammeter, idivayisi izobonisa cishe i-5,06 A yokuvuza.
ukuze uxazulule inkinga, ngemuva kokuhlola ukuvuza kwamanje kwebhethri, uzodinga ukususa futhi ugeze kahle icala layo ngesisombululo sesoda. Izohlanza ubuso be-electrolyte ngengqimba yothuli.
Ungahlola kanjani i-generator ukuvuza kwamanje
Lapho kungekho zinkinga ezitholakele ebhethrini, cishe cishe kukhona ukuvuza kwamanje ngejeneretha. Kulokhu, ukuze uthole ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni futhi unqume impilo yento, udinga:
Ihlola ijeneretha ukuvuza kwamanje
- xhuma ama-probe omhloli kumatheminali ebhethri;
- setha imodi yokulinganisa i-voltage;
- qala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
- vula isitofu, ugongolo oluphansi, iwindi elingemuva elishisayo;
- buka amaphuzu.
Uma uhlola ukuvuza, ungasebenzisa i-voltmeter. le ndlela isiza ukukhomba izinkinga kujeneretha ngokunembe njenge-ammeter. Ngokuxhuma othintana nabo kumatheminali, i-voltmeter izobonisa isilinganiso se-12,46 V. Manje siqala injini futhi ukufundwa kuzoba sezingeni lika-13,8 - 14,8 V. Uma i-voltmeter ibonisa ngaphansi kuka-12,8 V namadivayisi avuliwe , noma ngenkathi ugcina isivinini ezingeni le-1500 rpm sizobonisa ngaphezu kwe-14,8 - khona-ke inkinga iku-generator.
Lapho ukuvuza kwamanje ngejeneretha kutholwa, izimbangela kungenzeka kakhulu kuma-diode aphukile noma ikhoyili ye-rotor. Uma kukhulu, cishe ama-amperes angu-2-3 (lapho ushintshela kumodi yokulinganisa yamanje), khona-ke lokhu kunganqunywa ngokusebenzisa isikrufu esivamile. Kufanele isetshenziswe ku-pulley ye-generator futhi uma inamandla kazibuthe, khona-ke ama-diode kanye nekhoyili konakele.
Isiqalo sokuvuza samanje
Ihlola isiqalisi sokuvuza kwamanje ngokunqamula intambo yamandla
Kwenzeka ukuthi lapho uhlola ukuvuza kwamanje emotweni, ibhethri enejeneretha noma abanye abathengi ayiyona imithombo yenkinga. Khona-ke isiqalo singase sibe yimbangela yokuvuza kwamanje. Ngokuvamile kuba nzima kakhulu ukunquma, njengoba abaningi bona ngokushesha ebhethri noma izintambo, futhi akekho ofika engqondweni ukuhlola isiqalisi sokuvuza kwamanje.
Indlela yokuthola ukuvuza kwamanje nge-multimeter isivele ichaziwe. Lapha senza ngokufanisa ngaphandle komthengi. Ngemva kokukhipha amandla "plus" ku-starter, siyayisusa ukuze singathinti "inqwaba" nayo, sixhuma kuma-terminals nge-probe ye-multimeter. Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo kube nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamanje, shintsha isiqalisi.
Ihlola isiqalisi sokuvuza kwamanje
Ungakwazi ukunquma ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuthi ingabe i-current iyavuza kusiqalisi nge-clamp yamanje. ukuze uhlole ukuvuza kwamanje ngezinsimbi, kala intambo yetheminali enegethivu yebhethri uma uqalisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngemva kokubeka izindlawu ezungeze ucingo, siqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izikhathi ezi-3. Idivayisi izobonisa amanani ahlukene - kusuka ku-143 kuya ku-148 A.
Inani eliphakeme ngesikhathi sokuqala injini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto ngu-150 A. Uma idatha iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ekhonjisiwe, khona-ke i-starter iyimbangela yokuvuza kwamanje emotweni. Izizathu zingase zehluke, kodwa kufanelekile ukususa futhi uhlole isiqalisi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlola isiqalisi kule vidiyo:
