Indlela yokuhlola iziphethu zokumiswa kwemoto

Umbuzo indlela yokuhlola isiphethu abanikazi bezimoto bavame ukuba nesithakazelo kuphela lapho imoto "inyakaza" ngisho nomthwalo omncane, noma ngaphandle kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwemithombo yokumiswa kufanele futhi kwenziwe kuphela lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokugqoka kwabo. Kungcono ukwenza ukuxilongwa enkonzweni yemoto endaweni ekhethekile, kodwa ukuhlola okulula kakhulu kwesimo semithombo kungenziwa egaraji ngezandla zakho. Lokhu akudingi ithuluzi elikhethekile, futhi inqubo itholakala cishe kuwo wonke umuntu.

Izimpawu zemithombo yokumiswa ephukile

Ngesidingo sokwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kwemithombo yokumiswa yemoto, ukubonakala kwesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kungase kube. Phakathi kwazo:

• Kubonakala ngeso lenyamaukuthi enye yezinhlangothi zemoto "yacwila" ngaphezu kolunye esimweni esingalayishiwe (ngaphandle kwempahla nabagibeli). Udinga ukubheka i-eksisi efanayo, okungukuthi, isibonelo, qhathanisa nemithombo yangaphambili kwesokunxele nangaphambili kwesokudla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, cishe intwasahlobo yacwila noma yaphuka ngokuphelele (ohlangothini oluncibilikayo). Kodwa-ke, kukhona i-nuance lapha, ehlanganisa ukuthi ukudonswa kolunye uhlangothi noma olunye uhlangothi kungathonywa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ingilazi, okungukuthi, indawo lapho intwasahlobo iphumula khona. Ngokuvamile ezimotweni ezindala (imvamisa i-VAZ-"classic") ingilazi iwela. Lapho uxilonga, uzodinga ukuhlola kokubili ukukhathala kwentwasahlobo kanye nengilazi.

• i-metallic clang ngenkathi ushayela emigwaqweni emibi - lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lwesiphethu sokumiswa esiphukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-clang eshiwo ingakhishwa ngisho nalapho ushayela phezu kwamaqhubu amancane noma ama-potholes. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kufanelekile ukuhlola i-rack steering kanye nebhola. I-metallic clang ngokuvamile ibonisa ukuthi enye yamakhoyili entwasahlobo iqhume kancane noma ngokuphelele.
• Indawo yokuhlala ephansi lapho ilayisha, ngisho ingasho lutho. Ikakhulukazi uma ngaphambi kwalokho konke kwakuhamba kahle futhi into enjalo ayizange ibonwe. Ngokuvamile le nkinga ivame kakhulu emithonjeni yangemuva, futhi kulokhu amasondo aqala ukushaya ku-fender liner, futhi abaqaphi baqala ukuthinta umgwaqo. Lesi isimo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngoba yile ndlela amathayi aguga ngayo esimweni esiphuthumayo, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa "esiphelele" angavele aqhume.
• Ukudlidliza okunamandla nokunyakazisa ngenkathi ushayela, ngisho nasemgwaqweni oyisicaba. Kulokhu, ukuzamazama kuyanda njengoba ijubane lemoto landa. ngokuvamile, lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi intwasahlobo iqhume ngokuphelele.
• Ukuncishiswa kokugibela. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwemoto ngaphambi kokuba inkinga yenzeke nangemuva kwayo. Ngokuvamile, isiphethu siyayeka ukusebenza ngendlela evamile futhi lapho ushayela emabhampa, imoto igxuma noma ingene emgodini.
• Okubalulekile imoto roll ngisho nokubhuleka kancane.

Uma okungenani kuvela esinye salezi zimpawu ezingenhla, kufanelekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele kokumiswa, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola imithombo ye-shock absorber. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlola hhayi kuphela ohlangothini lapho imoto yacwila khona, kodwa nakubo bonke abanye.

Izimbangela zokuphuka kwesiphethu

Kunezizathu ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo zokuthi kungani iziphethu ezingemuva kanye / noma zangaphambili zehluleke ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye.

1. Ukukhathala kwensimbi nokugqoka kwentwasahlobo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Insimbi ngesikhathi sokusebenza iba thambile futhi ithambile, ngokulandelana, futhi intwasahlobo iba thambile. Futhi lapho amakhoyili eshayisana, kuvela ukugqwala kwemithombo nama-microcracks. Okuyingozi kakhulu kuma-bar umthelela onamandla ovela lapho imoto ishayisa umgodi noma i-bump ngesivinini esikhulu.
2. Ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo kwamakhoyili iziphethu ezibuthakathaka noma ezilayishwe kakhulu phakathi kwazo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuqina kwentwasahlobo kuncipha, futhi ubuso bamajika ngokwabo bungabi yindilinga, njengoba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuba nendiza esetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ibha iba mncane, ngakho-ke intwasahlobo iba buthakathaka.
3. Ukugcwala kwemoto nokuyigibela ikulesi simo ngesivinini esikhulu phezu kwamaqhubu noma amabanga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, zonke izakhi zokumiswa ziyahlupheka, kuhlanganise neziphethu.
4. Ukugqwala kwensimbi yasentwasahlobo. Lesi yisizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi kungani iziphethu zihluleka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, upende ongaphezulu uyaxebuka, futhi amanzi namakhemikhali omgwaqo enza umsebenzi wawo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma ukugqwala "kudla" ungqimba lwe-10 mm kuphela ocingweni lwe-spring 0,15 mm, khona-ke ingxenye yesiphambano yalolu cingo iyancipha ngo-6%!
5. Ukufaka isiphethu esingalungile. okungukuthi, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokukhetha okungalungile kwengxenye. Enye inketho umshado wefekthri. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi iziphethu ezinobunzima obuhlukene zifakwe ephaketheni elilodwa.

Indlela yokuhlola intwasahlobo yokumiswa

ukuze uhlole isimo sentwasahlobo yokumiswa kwemoto, kufanele iqale ihlakazwe esihlalweni sayo, ihlanzwe ukungcola nokugqwala. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngokubukeka isimo sayo, uhlole ukuqhekeka, ama-chips nezinye iziphambeko.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola intwasahlobo ngokuqina. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kwalokho, udinga ukuthola ukuthi ungowasiphi isigaba, kanye nokuthi iziphi iziphethu lapho umenzi wemoto ancoma ukufakwa kuleyo ngxenye yokumiswa lapho yahlakazwa khona.

Zonke iziphethu zihlukaniswe ngamakilasi amabili ayisisekelo - A no-B. Umehluko wabo ngokuqina nobude. Ubude be-A-springs bufika ku-27,8 cm futhi ubude be-B-springs bungaphezu kuka-27,8 cm. Ngokuqondene nokufakwa kwekhodi yombala, lokhu kuncike kumkhiqizo othile womshini kanye nomkhiqizi wemithombo.

Cindezela ukuhlola

ukuze unqume ukukhathala kweziphethu ngendlela yokucindezela, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukuqina okufanele kufakwe endaweni ecacisiwe ukuze wazi nokuthi yini ongaqhathanisa umphumela otholakala esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zegaraji, ukuqina kwentwasahlobo kungabhekwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi alandelayo:

• amabha amabili ayizikwele anogqinsi okungenani obungu-1,2 cm nendawo enkulu kancane kunendawo yobuso bokugcina bentwasahlobo elinganisiwe;
• izikali;
• umshini wokucindezela owenziwe ngesandla (olawulwa nge-threaded drive).

I-algorithm yokuqinisekisa kuleli cala izoba kanje:

• Usebenzisa izikali zaphansi, thola isamba sesisindo sayo yomibili imigoqo kanye nentwasahlobo elinganisiwe.
• Faka izikali zaphansi endaweni yesikhulumi esingezansi, faka enye yezinsimbi ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili kuzo.
• Beka isiphethu kubha, ubeke ibha yesibili phezu kwayo.
• Lapho umshini wokunyathelisa ucushiwe, intwasahlobo kufanele icindezelwe.
• Inani lokucindezela (ibanga) nokucindezela kufanele kukhethwe kusengaphambili ngokuvumelana namadokhumenti. Ngokufanelekile, angeke kube khona izincomo ezithile lapha.
• Kusukela enanini elitholiwe lamandla (ngamakhilogremu wamandla), kuyadingeka ukususa isamba esiphelele esilinganisiwe semigoqo kanye nentwasahlobo.

Uma intwasahlobo icindezele ibanga elithile ngamandla anganele, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kuye kwaba buthakathaka kakhulu futhi kuhle ukuyishintsha. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sokushintsha kufanele futhi senziwe ngesisekelo sokuhlola okubukwayo, kanye nolwazi lokuthi mangaki amakhilomitha imoto ewahambe nayo le ntwasahlobo.

Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, le ndlela iyinkinga kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba imizamo emikhulu kufanele ithuthukiswe ukuze kuhlolwe. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuhlolwa imithombo imoto Vaz-2110, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa imizamo elilingana 325 kilogram-force. Kuleli xabiso, iziphethu zokumiswa okujwayelekile zangaphambili kufanele zibe nobude okungenani obungama-201 mm (okuthiwa yintwasahlobo "yaseYurophu", inani elifanayo lizoba ngu-182 mm). Entwasahlobo ejwayelekile yangemuva enamandla afanayo, ubude bayo buzoba okungenani ngu-233 mm ("European" - okungenani 223 mm).

Izibalo zetiyori

Ukuguqulwa kwejometri okuvumelekile kwentwasahlobo, kanye nokuqina kwayo, kungabuye kubalwe ngokusebenzisa amafomula afanelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwejometri kubalwa kanje: X \uXNUMXd F × L / C. Lapha u-X ukuguqulwa kobukhulu bentwasahlobo, u-F ungamandla asetshenzisiwe, u-L ubude bokuqala bentwasahlobo, u-C ukulinganisa isici, inani lethebula (kuncike endaweni engaba yingxenye ehlanganisiwe yentwasahlobo, impahla eyenziwe ngayo, ububanzi benduku).

Ngokufanayo, ukuqina kwentwasahlobo kubalwa ngokuvumelana nenye ifomula - k \uXNUMXd F / X. Nalapha, futhi, u-F ungamandla, futhi u-X ubukhulu bentwasahlobo ecindezelweyo elinganiswa njengomphumela wokuhlolwa. Ubunzima bezibalo ezinjalo kungenxa yokuthi udinga ukwazi i-proportionality coefficient, futhi lolu lwazi lungatholakala kuphela kumadokhumenti obuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngesandla

Emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe (manual) yanoma iyiphi imoto kunencazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokuhlola imvume, futhi, okungukuthi, iziphethu. Cabanga ngokuxilongwa okufanayo usebenzisa iToyota Camry ethandwayo njengesibonelo. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, okokuqala udinga ukukala amapharamitha amane:

• A - ibanga (imvume) ukusuka enkabeni yesondo elingaphambili elilinganisiwe ukuya endaweni lapho umshini ufakwe khona;
• B - ibanga ukusuka enkabeni yebhawudi yengalo ephansi yokumiswa No. 2 yesondo langaphambili elilinganisiwe;
• D - ibanga ukusuka enkabeni yesondo elingemuva elilinganisiwe ukuya phansi (imvume);
• U-C yibanga ukusuka maphakathi nebhawodi yengalo elandelanayo yesondo elingemuva elihambisanayo likalwa phansi.

khona-ke udinga ukuthola umehluko phakathi kwamanani ka-A no-B, kanye no-C no-D. Ngemva kwalokho, qhathanisa nedatha esethebula amanani amancane avumelekile. Uma amanani atholwe ngenxa yesilinganiso ephansi kunalawo anikezwe kuwo, kufanele kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi usebenzise ama-spacers engeziwe, noma ushintshe intwasahlobo ufake esisha. Uma amanani atholiwe emakhulu kunobuncane obuvunyelwe, khona-ke konke kuhamba ngokuhlelekile ngentwasahlobo (uma zingekho izimpawu ezengeziwe zokuwohloka).

amasondo (i-axle)	Inani lokusula, mm
ICE 1MZ-FE, (ivolumu 3,0 amalitha) noma iyiphi ububanzi berabha
Phambili	A - B: 116
Ngemuva	D - C: 40
I-ICE 1AZ-FE (ivolumu 2,0 amalitha), 2AZ-FE (ivolumu 2,4 amalitha), ububanzi berabha - amayintshi angu-15
Phambili	A - B: 115
Ngemuva	D - C: 40
I-ICE 1AZ-FE (ivolumu 2,0 amalitha), 2AZ-FE (ivolumu 2,4 amalitha), ububanzi berabha - amayintshi angu-16
Phambili	A - B: 115
Ngemuva	D - C: 38
I-ICE noma iyiphi, ububanzi berabha bungaphezu kwamayintshi angu-16
Phambili	A - B: 101
Ngemuva	D - C: 25

Kwamanye amamodeli ezimoto emibhalweni yobuchwepheshe, ungathola incazelo yenqubo efanayo namanani ahambisanayo. ngokuvamile, i-algorithm yokuqinisekisa iyafana noma ihluke kancane (ukulawula amaphuzu wokulinganisa angase ahluke).

Okuthuthukisiwe

kuyafaneleka futhi ukuhlola iziphethu zokumiswa zangaphambili uma, isibonelo, lapho uhambisa "isivinini" endaweni yasemadolobheni (noma isithiyo esifanayo), ikhala lemoto lehla kakhulu, kuze kube yilapho i-asphalt coating ishaya. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi iziphethu zibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi, ngokufanele, kufanele kufakwe izikhala ezengeziwe noma esikhundleni sazo.

Uma uhlola isimo sentwasahlobo, udinga futhi ukunaka isimo se-rubber spacers ngaphansi kwabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziguga ngokwemvelo, ngokulandelana, ngokugqoka okuphawulekayo, ama-gaskets enjoloba kufanele ashintshwe amasha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuphakama kwabo ukuze kuqinisekiswe inani elivamile lokuvunyelwa kwemoto.

Nini ukushintsha iziphethu

Ama-Springs kufanele ashintshwe ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Ukushintshwa kanye ne-absorber engalungile. Ukushintshwa okunjalo kungenxa yokuthi uma isici esicacisiwe singasebenzi, ngakho-ke, cishe, intwasahlobo isivele igugile kakhulu futhi ingase ihlehle maduzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-shock absorber iqinile futhi intwasahlobo ithambile, khona-ke lokhu kuzothinta kabi ukusebenza okuphelele kokumiswa kwemoto.
• Ngokuphuka okucacile kwamakhoyili. Uma intwasahlobo iphukile ngokuphelele, khona-ke kufanele ithathelwe indawo entsha, futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukusebenza kwemoto ephukile ngale ndlela kungase kube yingozi, njengoba ukuphathwa kwayo kuya ngokuya konakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici zokumiswa ziyahlupheka.
• I-roll eqinile yemoto ohlangothini olulodwa. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe kwentwasahlobo kuyadingeka, ngoba isimo esinjalo singenzeka lapho i-shock absorber ihluleka. Kwezinye izimo (uma intwasahlobo nayo isesimweni esivamile noma esingaphansi futhi sibuthakathaka kuphela), khona-ke isimo singalungiswa ngosizo lwama-spacers enjoloba afakwe engilazini, ngaleyo ndlela kulinganisa imvume yemoto.
• Ukugqwala okubalulekile. Uma ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kuveza ukuthi izinqubo zokugqwala "zidlile" ungqimba olukhulu lwensimbi, ngisho nasendaweni encane, khona-ke kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni somthombo onjalo, ngoba kunengozi yokuthi izophuka ngqo endaweni lapho ukugqwala khona. isikhungo siyavela.

Omakhenikha bezimoto abaningi bayeluleka ngokushintsha iziphethu zemoto njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 yokusebenza kwayo. Kodwa-ke, kuncike, okokuqala, ngekhwalithi yemithombo esetshenzisiwe, futhi okwesibili, ku-mileage nezimo zokusebenza zemoto. Ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo esinjalo, kungcono ngaphezu kwalokho ukuxilonga isimo sezingxenye ezifakwe emshinini. futhi isincomo esisodwa ukuguqula iziphethu ngaso sonke isikhathi esikhundleni sesibili se-shock absorbers, okungukuthi, njalo ngama-80 ... amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo "ekhathele" kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi umshisekeli wemoto uphoqeleka ukuthi ashintshe ama-absorbers 2 ... izikhathi ezingu-3 kaningi!

Ngaphambi kokufaka ingxenye ethile, udinga ukukhetha iziphethu ezingcono kakhulu ezizoqinisekisa hhayi kuphela ukuhamba okunethezekile, kodwa futhi nokuphepha kwethrafikhi. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukufaka iziphethu ezifana nalezo ezifakwe emshinini ovela efektri. Ikhodi ye-VIN yengxenye (isihloko) izosiza kulokhu.

isiphetho

Ukuhlola imithombo yokumiswa kuyindaba elula, futhi ngisho nomshayeli osemncane angayenza. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, intwasahlobo idinga ukudilizwa esihlalweni sayo, ngakho-ke udinga ukulungiselela lokhu, kuhlanganise nokuba namathuluzi adingekayo. Ukugibela emthonjeni ophukile kuyingozi, ngakho-ke uma iqhume ngokuphelele noma inikeze ukuqhuma okuphawulekayo, kufanele kushintshwe entsha. Uma ivele yacwila, kodwa isimo sensimbi sihle, khona-ke ukulinganisa imvume yemoto, kwanele ukusebenzisa izikhala zenjoloba zobukhulu obufanele.