Ungahlola kanjani i-DBP

Uma usola ukuwohloka kwenzwa yomfutho womoya ngokuphelele endaweni eningi, abashayeli banentshisekelo yombuzo wokuthi ngabe indlela yokuhlola i-DBP ngezandla zakho. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili - usebenzisa i-multimeter, kanye nokusebenzisa amathuluzi esoftware.

Nokho, ukuze wenze ukuhlola kwe-DBP nge-multimeter, udinga ukuba nesekhethi kagesi yemoto esandleni ukuze wazi ukuthi yibaphi abathintwayo ongaxhuma kubo ama-multimeter probe.

Izimpawu zikaBaba ophukile

Ngokwehluleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwenzwa yokucindezela okuphelele (ibuye ibizwe ngokuthi inzwa ye-MAP, I-Manifold Absolute Pressure) ngaphandle, ukuhlukana kuzibonakalisa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inzwa idlulisa idatha engalungile ekucindezelweni komoya endaweni eningi yokudla kukhompyutha, futhi, ngokufanele, iyunithi yokulawula ikhipha umyalo wokunikeza uphethiloli ngobuningi obukhulu kunesidingo.
• Ukunciphisa amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Lokhu kuzibonakalisa ngokusheshisa okubuthakathaka kanye nokudonsa okunganele lapho imoto ikhuphuka ikhuphuka futhi / noma isesimweni esilayishiwe.
• Kukhona iphunga eliqhubekayo likaphethiloli endaweni ye-throttle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ihlale ichichima.
• Isivinini sokungenzi lutho esingazinzile. Inani lazo liyehla noma lenyuke ngaphandle kokucindezela i-accelerator pedal, futhi ngenkathi ushayela, ukukhahlela kuyezwakala futhi imoto iyanyakaza.
• "Ukwehluleka" kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kumamodi wesikhashana, okungukuthi, lapho ushintsha amagiya, ukuqalisa imoto ukusuka endaweni, ukuphinda ugibele.
• Izinkinga ngokuqalisa injini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili "kushisa" futhi "kubanda".
• Ukwakheka enkumbulweni yamaphutha eyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ngamakhodi p0105, p0106, p0107, p0108 kanye ne-p0109.

Iningi lezimpawu zokwehluleka ezichazweyo zijwayelekile futhi zingadalwa ezinye izimbangela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi wenze ukuxilongwa okuphelele, futhi udinga ukuqala, okokuqala, ngokuskena amaphutha kukhompyutha.

Inketho enhle yokuxilonga isithwebuli esizenzakalelayo semikhiqizo eminingi I-Rokodil ScanX Pro. Idivayisi enjalo izovumela kokubili ukufunda amaphutha nokuhlola idatha kusuka kunzwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngenxa ye-chip ye-KW680 nokusekelwa kwe-CAN, J1850PWM, J1850VPW, ISO9141 protocol, ungakwazi ukuyixhuma cishe kunoma iyiphi imoto ene-OBD2.

Isebenza kanjani inzwa yengcindezi ngokuphelele

Ngaphambi kokuba uhlole inzwa yokucindezela komoya ngokuphelele, udinga ukuqonda ukwakheka kwayo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza ngokwemibandela evamile. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula inqubo yokuqinisekisa ngokwayo kanye nokunemba komphumela.

Ngakho-ke, endlini yezinzwa kukhona igumbi le-vacuum eline-gauge yobunzima (i-resistor eshintsha ukumelana kwayo nogesi ngokuya ngokuguqulwa) kanye ne-membrane, exhunywe ngokuxhumeka kwebhuloho kumjikelezo kagesi wemoto (cishe, kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, ECU). Njengomphumela wokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ingcindezi yomoya iyashintsha, elungiswa yi-membrane futhi iqhathaniswe ne-vacuum (ngakho igama - inzwa yokucindezela "absolute"). Ulwazi mayelana noshintsho lokucindezela ludluliselwa kukhompyutha, ngesisekelo lapho iyunithi yokulawula inquma inani likaphethiloli elinikeziwe ukuze kwakheka ingxube ye-fuel-air efanele. Umjikelezo ogcwele we-sensor umi kanje:

• Ngaphansi kwethonya lomehluko wengcindezi, i-membrane ikhubazekile.
• I-deformation ecacisiwe ye-membrane ilungiswa nge-strain gauge.
• Ngosizo lokuxhumeka kwebhuloho, ukumelana okuguquguqukayo kuguqulwa kube yi-voltage eguquguqukayo, edluliselwa ku-unit control unit.
• Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olutholiwe, i-ECU ilungisa inani likaphethiloli elinikezwa ama-injection.

Izinzwa zesimanje zokucindezela okuphelele zixhunywe kukhompyutha kusetshenziswa izintambo ezintathu - amandla, umhlabathi kanye nentambo yesignali. Ngakho-ke, ingqikithi yokuqinisekisa ngokuvamile igxila eqinisweni lokuthi ukuze usebenzisa i-multimeter, hlola inani lokumelana ne-voltage ezintanjeni ezishiwo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. ngokujwayelekile kanye nenzwa okungukuthi. Ezinye izinzwa ze-MAP zinezintambo ezine. Ngaphezu kwalezi zintambo ezintathu, eyesine yenezelwa kuzo, lapho ulwazi mayelana nezinga lokushisa lomoya endaweni yokungenisa ludluliselwa khona.

Ezimotweni eziningi, inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele itholakala ngokunembile ekufakeni okuhlukahlukene. Ezimotweni ezindala, ingase ibekwe emigqeni yomoya eguquguqukayo futhi igxile emzimbeni wemoto. Endabeni yokulungisa injini ene-turbocharged, i-DBP ivamise ukubekwa emiseleni yomoya.

Uma ingcindezi ku-multifold intake iphansi, khona-ke ukukhishwa kwe-voltage yesiginali ngenzwa kuzophinde kube phansi, futhi okuphambene nalokho, njengoba ingcindezi ikhula, i-voltage ephumayo edluliselwa njengesignali esuka ku-DBP kuya ku-ECU nayo iyanda. Ngakho-ke, nge-damper evulekile ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, ngengcindezi ephansi (cishe i-20 kPa, ehlukile emishinini ehlukene), inani le-voltage yesignali lizoba ku-1 ... 1,5 Volts. Njengoba i-damper ivaliwe, okungukuthi, ekucindezelweni okuphezulu (cishe i-110 kPa nangaphezulu), inani elihambisanayo le-voltage lizoba ngu-4,6 ... 4,8 Volts.

Ihlola inzwa ye-DBP

Ukuhlola inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele ku-manifold kwehla eqinisweni lokuthi okokuqala udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi ihlanzekile, futhi, ngokufanele, ukuzwela ekushintsheni kokugeleza komoya, bese uthola ukumelana kwayo kanye ne-voltage ephumayo ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ukuhlanza inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo, inzwa yokucindezela ngokuphelele ivalwa kancane kancane ngokungcola, okuvimbela ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-membrane, okungabangela ukwehluleka kwengxenye ye-DBP. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlola inzwa, kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ihlanzwe.

Ukwenza ukuhlanza, inzwa kufanele ikhishwe esihlalweni sayo. Ngokuya ngokwenziwa kanye nemodeli yemoto, izindlela zokuyikhweza nendawo zizohluka. Ama-ICE ane-Turbocharged ngokuvamile anezinzwa ezimbili ze-absolute pressure, eyodwa ku-multifold intake, enye ku-turbine. Ngokuvamile inzwa ixhunywe ngebhawudi elilodwa noma amabili akhwezayo.

Ukuhlanza inzwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, kusetshenziswa izicoci ezikhethekile ze-carb noma izihlanzi ezifanayo. Enkambweni yokuhlanza, udinga ukuhlanza umzimba wayo, kanye noxhumana nabo. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi indandatho yokubeka uphawu, izakhi zezindlu, othintana nabo kanye ne-membrane. Udinga nje ukufafaza i-ejenti encane yokuhlanza ngaphakathi bese uyithululela emuva kanye nokungcola.

Kaningi, ukuhlanza okulula okunjalo sekuvele kubuyisela ukusebenza kwenzwa ye-MAP futhi asikho isidingo sokwenza okunye ukukhohlisa. Ngakho ngemva kokuhlanza, ungabeka inzwa yokucindezela komoya endaweni futhi uhlole ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Uma kungazange kusize, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuqhubekela phambili ekuhloleni i-DBP nomhloli.

Ihlola inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele nge-multimeter

Ukuze uhlole, thola kubhukwana lokulungisa ukuthi iyiphi intambo nokuxhumana okunesibopho salokho ku-sensor ethile, okungukuthi, lapho amandla, umhlabathi kanye nezintambo zesignali (isiginali esimweni senzwa yezintambo ezine).

ukuze uthole ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele nge-multimeter, okokuqala udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo phakathi kwekhompyutha kanye nenzwa ngokwayo iqinile futhi ayifushane noma kuphi, ngoba ukunemba komphumela kuzoxhomeka kulokhu. . Lokhu futhi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-multimeter electronic. Ngayo, udinga ukuhlola kokubili ubuqotho bezintambo zokuphumula kanye nobuqotho be-insulation (nquma ukubaluleka kokumelana nokufakwa kwezintambo ezintanjeni ngazinye).

Cabangela ukuqaliswa isheke elihambisana isibonelo imoto Chevrolet Lacetti. Unezintambo ezintathu ezifanele inzwa - amandla, umhlabathi nesiginali. Intambo yesiginali iya ngqo kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. "I-Miss" ixhunywe kumaminithi wezinye izinzwa - inzwa yokushisa yomoya engena kumasilinda kanye nenzwa ye-oxygen. Intambo yokunikezela ixhunywe kunzwa yokucindezela kusistimu yesimo somoya. Ukuhlola okwengeziwe kwenzwa ye-DBP kwenziwa ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

• Udinga ukunqamula itheminali enegethivu ebhethrini.
• Nqamula ibhulokhi kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Uma sicabangela i-Lacetti, khona-ke le moto inakho ngaphansi kwe-hood ngakwesokunxele, eduze nebhethri.
• Susa isixhumi kunzwa yokucindezela okuphelele.
• Setha i-multimeter ye-elekthronikhi ukukala ukumelana nogesi ngobubanzi obungaba ngu-200 ohms (kuya ngemodeli ethile ye-multimeter).
• Hlola inani lokumelana lama-multimeter probes ngokumane uwaxhume ndawonye. Isikrini sizobonisa ukubaluleka kokumelana kwabo, okuzodingeka ukuthi kucatshangelwe kamuva lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa (imvamisa cishe ku-1 ohm).
• I-multimeter probe eyodwa kufanele ixhunywe ku-pin number 13 kubhulokhi ye-ECU. I-probe yesibili ixhunywe ngendlela efanayo kothintana naye wokuqala webhulokhi yenzwa. ngale ndlela ucingo oluphansi olubizwa ngayo. Uma ucingo luqinile futhi ukufakwa kwalo kungalimazi, khona-ke inani lokumelana esikrinini sedivayisi lizoba cishe ngu-1 ... 2 Ohm.
• ngokulandelayo udinga ukudonsa amahhanisi ngezintambo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ucingo alonakali futhi lushintsha ukumelana kwalo ngenkathi imoto ihamba. Kulokhu, ukufundwa ku-multimeter akufanele kushintshe futhi kube sezingeni elifanayo ne-static.
• Nge-probe eyodwa, xhuma kunombolo yokuxhumana engu-50 ku-block block, futhi nge-probe yesibili, xhuma kothintana naye wesithathu ebhulokhini lenzwa. yile ndlela "izindandatho" zocingo lwamandla, lapho ama-volts angu-5 ajwayelekile anikezwa inzwa.
• Uma ucingo luqinile futhi lungonakalisiwe, khona-ke inani lokumelana esikrinini se-multimeter lizoba cishe 1 ... 2 Ohm. Ngokufanayo, udinga ukudonsa ihhanisi ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kocingo esipikheni.
• Xhuma i-probe eyodwa ukuze uphine inombolo engu-75 ku-block ye-ECU, kanti eyesibili kothintana naye wesignali, okungukuthi, inombolo yokuxhumana yesibili ku-sensor block (maphakathi).
• Ngokufanayo, uma ucingo lungonakalisiwe, khona-ke ukumelana kocingo kufanele kube mayelana ne-1 ... 2 ohms. udinga futhi ukudonsa ihhanisi ngezintambo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukuthintana nokufakwa kwezintambo kunokwethenjelwa.

Ngemuva kokuhlola ubuqotho bezintambo kanye nokufakwa kwazo, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi amandla afika kunzwa evela kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi (ehlinzeka ngama-Volts angu-5). Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuxhuma kabusha ibhulokhi yekhompyutha kuyunithi yokulawula (ifake esihlalweni sayo). Ngemuva kwalokho, sibuyisela i-terminal ebhethri bese sivula ukuthungela ngaphandle kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngama-probes we-multimeter, ashintshelwe kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage ye-DC, sithinta othintana nabo bezinzwa - ukunikezwa kanye "nomhlabathi". Uma amandla enikeziwe, i-multimeter izobonisa inani elingaba ngu-4,8 ... 4,9 volts.

Ngokufanayo, i-voltage phakathi kwentambo yesiginali kanye "nomhlabathi" iyahlolwa. Ngaphambi kwalokho, udinga ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. khona-ke udinga ukushintsha ama-probe koxhumana nabo abahambisanayo kunzwa. Uma inzwa ihlelekile, i-multimeter izobonisa ulwazi mayelana ne-voltage ocingweni lwesignali ebangeni ukusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-4,8 Volts. I-voltage ephansi ihambisana nesivinini sokungenzi lutho senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, futhi amandla kagesi aphezulu ahambisana nesivinini esikhulu senjini yangaphakathi.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ama-voltage thresholds (0 no-5 Volts) ku-multimeter esesimweni sokusebenza ngeke abe khona. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokukhethekile ukuxilonga isimo se-DBP. Uma i-voltage ingu-zero, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi izokhiqiza iphutha p0107 - i-voltage ephansi, okungukuthi, i-wire break. Uma i-voltage iphezulu, i-ECU izobheka lokhu njengesifunda esifushane - iphutha p0108.

Ukuhlolwa kwesirinji

Ungahlola ukusebenza kwenzwa yokucindezela okuphelele usebenzisa isirinji elahlwayo yezokwelapha enomthamo wama-"cubes" angama-20. futhi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe, uzodinga i-hose evaliwe, okumele ixhunywe kwinzwa ehlakaziwe futhi ikakhulukazi entanyeni yesipetu.

Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa ipayipi le-vacuum yokulungisa i-ignition yezimoto ze-VAZ ezine-carburetor ICE.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlole i-DBP, udinga ukuqaqa inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele esihlalweni sayo, kodwa ushiye i-chip ixhunywe kuyo. Kungcono ukufaka isiqeshana sensimbi koxhumana nabo, futhi kakade uxhume ama-probe (noma "izingwenya") ze-multimeter kubo. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni esandulele. Inani lamandla kufanele libe phakathi kuka-4,8 ... 5,2 Volts.

Ukuze uhlole isignali kusuka kunzwa, udinga ukuvula ukuthungela imoto, kodwa ungaqali injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngomfutho ojwayelekile womkhathi, inani lamandla kagesi ocingweni lwesignali lizoba cishe ama-volts angu-4,5. Kulokhu, isirinji kufanele ibe sesimweni "sokukhama", okungukuthi, i-piston yayo kufanele icwiliswe ngokuphelele emzimbeni wesirinji. ngokuqhubekayo, ukuze uhlole, udinga ukudonsa ipiston esirinjini. Uma inzwa isebenza, i-voltage izokwehla. Ngokufanelekile, nge-vacuum eqinile, inani le-voltage lizokwehla libe yinani lama-volts angu-0,5. Uma i-voltage yehla kuphela ku-1,5 ... 2 Volts futhi ingawi ngezansi, inzwa inephutha.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi inzwa yokucindezela okuphelele, nakuba amadivaysi athembekile, ayintekenteke kakhulu. Azilungiseki. Ngakho-ke, uma inzwa yehluleka, kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe entsha.