Ungahlola kanjani i-adsorber

Abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bangase babe nesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi indlela yokuhlola i-adsorber kanye ne-valve yokuhlanza lapho ukuxilongwa kukhombisa ukuphuka kwayo (kuvele iphutha le-absorber). Kungenzeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunjalo ezimweni zegaraji, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yalokhu kuzodingeka ukuqaqa i-adsorber ngokuphelele noma i-valve yayo kuphela. Futhi ukuze wenze isheke elinjalo, uzodinga amathuluzi okhiye, i-multifunctional multimeter (ukukala inani lokufakwa kanye "nokuqhubeka" kwezintambo), iphampu, kanye nomthombo wamandla we-12 V (noma ibhethri elifanayo).

Iyini i-adsorber?

Ngaphambi kokudlulela embuzweni wokuthi ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza kwe-adsorber, ake sichaze kafushane ukusebenza kohlelo lokubuyisa umhwamuko kaphethiloli (olubizwa nge-Evaporative Emission Control - EVAP ngesiNgisi). Lokhu kuzonikeza isithombe esicacile semisebenzi yakho kokubili i-adsorber kanye ne-valve yayo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba igama lisho, uhlelo lwe-EVAP lwenzelwe ukubamba ama-vapor kaphethiloli futhi luvimbele ukuthi lungangeni efomini elingashisiwe emoyeni ozungezile. Izihwamuko zakha ethangini likaphethiloli lapho uphethiloli ushiswa (imvamisa ngesikhathi sokupaka isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo ngenkathi efudumele) noma lapho ukucindezela komkhathi kuncipha (akuvamile kakhulu).

Umsebenzi wohlelo lokubuyisa umhwamuko kaphethiloli ukubuyisela lezi zihwamuko ezifanayo enjinini yangaphakathi yokufaka amandla amaningi bese uzishisa kanye nengxube yesibaseli somoya. Imvamisa, uhlelo olunjalo lufakwa kuzo zonke izinjini zesimanje zikaphethiloli ngokuhambisana ne-Euro-3 standard yezemvelo (eyatholwa ku-European Union ngo-1999).

Uhlelo lwe-EVAP luqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• i-adsorber yamalahle;
• i-adsorber yokuhlanza i-valve ye-solenoid;
• amapayipi okuxhuma.

kukhona namahhanisi engeziwe ezintambo asuka ku-ICE electronic control unit (ECU) kuya kuvalvu eshiwo. Ngosizo lwabo, ukulawula le divayisi kunikezwa. Ngokuqondene ne-adsorber, inokuxhumana okuthathu kwangaphandle:

• ngethangi likaphethiloli (ngalokhu kuxhumana, imfucumfucu kaphethiloli eyakhiwe ingena ku-adsorber);
• nge-multifold intake (isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza i-adsorber);
• ngomoya wasemkhathini ngesihlungi sikaphethiloli noma i-valve ehlukile endaweni yokungena kwayo (inikeza ukwehla kokucindezela okudingekayo ukuze kukhishwe i-adsorber).

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezimotweni eziningi, uhlelo lwe-EVAP lusebenza kuphela uma injini ifudumele (“iyashisa”). Okusho ukuthi, enjinini ebandayo, kanye nangejubane layo elingenalutho, uhlelo alusebenzi.

I-adsorber uhlobo lomgqomo (noma isitsha esifanayo) esigcwaliswe ngamalahle aphansi, lapho imfucumfucu kaphethiloli ifinyezwa ngempela, ngemva kwalokho ithunyelwe ohlelweni lwamandla emoto ngenxa yokuhlanza. Ukusebenza isikhathi eside nokulungile kwe-adsorber kungenzeka kuphela uma ihlale ingena umoya owanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola i-adsorber yemoto ukuhlola ubuqotho bayo (njengoba umzimba ungagqwala) kanye nekhono lokufingqa imfucumfucu kaphethiloli. futhi, ama-adsorbers amadala adlulisa amalahle kuwo ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwawo, oluvala kokubili uhlelo kanye ne-valve yokuhlanza.

Ukuhlola i-valve ye-adsorber nge-multimeter

I-adsorber purge solenoid valve yenza ncamashi ukuhlanzwa kwesistimu kusuka kumoya kaphethiloli okhona kuwo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuyivula ngomyalo ovela ku-ECU, okungukuthi, i-valve iyi-actuator. Itholakala epayipini eliphakathi kwe-adsorber ne-multifold intake.

Ngokuqondene nokuhlola i-valve ye-adsorber, okokuqala, ihlola iqiniso lokuthi ayivalwanga ngothuli lwamalahle noma enye imfucumfucu engangena ohlelweni lukaphethiloli lapho icindezelekile ngaphandle, kanye namalahle avela ku-adsorber. Futhi okwesibili, ukusebenza kwayo kuyahlolwa, okungukuthi, ithuba lokuvula nokuvala ngomyalo ovela kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukhona nje kuphela ukuba khona kwemiyalo ngokwayo kuhlolwa, kodwa futhi nencazelo yabo, evezwa ngesikhathi lapho i-valve kufanele ivule noma ivalwe.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuma-ICE afakwe i-turbocharger, i-vacuum ayidalelwanga ekuthatheni okuningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kuwo i-valve eyodwa yezindlela ezimbili nayo inikezwa, icushiwe futhi iqondise umhwamuko kaphethiloli endaweni eningi yokuthathayo (uma ingekho i-boost pressure) noma i-compressor inlet (uma i-boost pressure ikhona).

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi i-valve ye-solenoid ye-canister ilawulwa yiyunithi ye-elekthronikhi ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluningi oluvela kuzinzwa zokushisa, ukugeleza komoya omkhulu, isikhundla se-crankshaft nokunye. Eqinisweni, ama-algorithms okwakhiwa ngawo izinhlelo ezihambisanayo ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uma kukhulu ukusetshenziswa komoya kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ubude besikhathi sokulawula ama-pulses ukusuka kukhompyutha kuya kuvalvu futhi kuqina ukuhlanzwa kwe-adsorber.

Okusho ukuthi, akuyona i-voltage enikezwa ku-valve ebalulekile (ijwayelekile futhi ilingana nenani eliphelele kunethiwekhi kagesi yomshini), kodwa ubude bayo. Kukhona into enjengokuthi "umjikelezo we-adsorber purge duty". I-scalar futhi ikalwa kusuka ku-0% kuya ku-100%. I-threshold enguziro ibonisa ukuthi akukho ukuhlanzwa nhlobo, ngokulandelanayo, i-100% isho ukuthi i-adsorber ishayelwa phezulu ngalesi sikhathi ngesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, leli nani lihlala lisendaweni ethile phakathi futhi lincike ezimweni zokusebenza zemoto.

Futhi, umqondo womjikelezo womsebenzi uyathakazelisa ngoba ungalinganiswa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuxilonga kukhompyutha. Isibonelo sesofthiwe enjalo i-Chevrolet Explorer noma i-OpenDiag Mobile. Lesi sakamuva siphelele ekuhloleni i-adsorber yezimoto zasekhaya i-VAZ Priora, i-Kalina namanye amamodeli afanayo. Sicela wazi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula ludinga isithwebuli esengeziwe, njenge-ELM 327.

Njengenye indlela engcono, ungathenga isithwebuli esizenzakalelayo I-Rokodil ScanX Pro. Uma usebenzisa le divayisi, ngeke udinge noma yimaphi amagajethi engeziwe noma isofthiwe, evamise ukudinga izandiso ezengeziwe ezikhokhelwayo, zokwenza noma imodeli ethile yemoto. Idivayisi enjalo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukufunda amaphutha, ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinzwa ngesikhathi sangempela, gcina izibalo zohambo nokunye okuningi. Isebenza ne-CAN, J1850PWM, J1850VPW, ISO9141 protocol, ngakho i-Rokodil ScanX Pro ixhuma cishe kunoma iyiphi imoto ene-OBD-2 isixhumi.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zomonakalo

Ngaphambi kokuhlola i-valve yokuhlanza i-adsorber, kanye ne-adsorber ngokwayo, ngokuqinisekile kuyoba usizo ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zangaphandle leli qiniso elihambisana nazo. Kunezinombolo zezibonakaliso ezingaqondile, kodwa, ezingabangelwa ezinye izizathu. Kodwa-ke, lapho zikhonjwa, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-EVAP, kanye nezakhi zalo.

1. Ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngokungenzi lutho (ijubane "lintanta" lize lifike endaweni lapho imoto iqala futhi izitebele, ngoba isebenza ngengxube ethambile yomoya-woyela).
2. Ukwenyuka kancane kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ikakhulukazi uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza "iyashisa", okungukuthi, esimweni esifudumele kanye / noma esimweni sezulu esishisayo sasehlobo.
3. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto inzima ukuqala "iyashisa", ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuyiqala okokuqala. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqalisi nezinye izakhi ezihlobene nokwethulwa zisesimweni sokusebenza.
4. Uma injini isebenza ngesivinini esiphansi, kuba nokuncipha okukhulu kwamandla. Futhi ngesivinini esiphezulu, ukwehla kwenani le-torque nakho kuzwakala.

Kwezinye izimo, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi uma ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yokubuyisela umphunga kaphethiloli kuphazamiseka, iphunga likaphethiloli lingangena ekamelweni labagibeli. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho amafasitela angaphambili evuliwe futhi / noma lapho imoto imile ebhokisini elivaliwe noma igaraji elinomoya ophansi isikhathi eside. futhi, ukucindezelwa kwesistimu kaphethiloli, ukubonakala kwemifantu emincane emigqeni kaphethiloli, ama-plugs, nokunye kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kabi kwesistimu.

Ungahlola kanjani i-adsorber

Manje ake sidlulele ku-algorithm yokuhlola i-adsorber (elinye igama layo i-fuel vapor accumulator). umsebenzi oyisisekelo ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunquma ukuthi umzimba wayo uqine kangakanani nokuthi ingabe ivumela umhwamuko kaphethiloli ukuba udlulele emkhathini. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

Umzimba we-Adsorber

• Nqamula itheminali enegethivu ebhethrini lemoto.
• Okokuqala, nqamula wonke amapayipi nabathintwayo abaya kuyo kusukela ku-adsorber, bese uqaqa isiqoqelalwazi somhwamuko kaphethiloli. Le nqubo izobukeka ihlukile emishinini ehlukene, kuye ngendawo ye-node, kanye nezindlela zokukhweza eyayilungiswe ngazo.
• udinga ukuxhuma ngokuqinile (uvale) ukufakwa okubili. Eyokuqala - iya ngqo emoyeni wasemkhathini, eyesibili - i-electromagnetic purge valve.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, usebenzisa i-compressor noma iphampu, sebenzisa ukucindezela komoya okuncane endaweni efanele ukuya ku-tank fuel. Ungeqisi ingcindezi! I-adsorber esebenzayo akufanele ivuze emzimbeni, okungukuthi, iqine. Uma ukuvuza okunjalo kutholakala, khona-ke cishe umhlangano udinga ukushintshwa, ngoba akunakwenzeka njalo ukuwulungisa. okungukuthi, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma i-adsorber yenziwe ngepulasitiki.

kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwe-adsorber. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngomzimba wayo, okungukuthi, amaphakethe okugqwala kuwo. Uma kwenzeka, ngakho-ke kuhle ukudiliza i-adsorber, ulahle i-foci eshiwo futhi upende umzimba. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola amalahle ku-accumulator yentuthu evuzela emigqeni yesistimu ye-EVAP. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlola isimo se-valve ye-adsorber. Uma iqukethe amalahle ashiwo, khona-ke udinga ukushintsha isihlukanisi se-foam ku-adsorber. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, kusengcono ukufaka esikhundleni se-adsorber ngokuphelele kunokuba uhlanganyele ekulungiseni ama-amateur okungaholeli empumelelweni esikhathini eside.

Ungahlola kanjani i-valve ye-adsorber

Uma, ngemva kokuhlola, kwavela ukuthi i-adsorber isesimweni esisebenza kancane noma esingaphansi, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuhlola i-valve yayo yokuhlanza i-solenoid. Kuhle ukusho ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi kweminye imishini, ngenxa yokuklama kwayo, ezinye izenzo zizohluka, ezinye zazo zizobe zikhona noma zingekho, kodwa ngokuvamile, i-logic yokuqinisekisa izohlala ifana. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlole i-valve ye-adsorber, udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

I-Adsorber valve

• Bheka ngokubukeka ubuqotho bamapayipi enjoloba afakwe ohlelweni lokubuyisela umhwamuko kaphethiloli, okungukuthi, lawo afanele i-valve. Kumele ziqine futhi ziqinisekise ukucinana kwesistimu.
• Nqamula itheminali enegethivu ebhethrini. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela ukucupha okungamanga kokuxilonga uhlelo nokufaka ulwazi mayelana namaphutha ahambisanayo kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi.
• Susa i-absorber (ngokuvamile itholakala ngakwesokudla kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, endaweni lapho izakhi zesistimu yomoya zifakwe khona, okungukuthi isihlungi somoya).
• Vala ukunikezwa kwamandla ku-valve ngokwayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokukhipha isixhumi sikagesi kuso (okuthiwa "ama-chips").
• Nqamula amapayipi okungenisa umoya kanye namapayipi okuphuma kuvalvu.
• Ukusebenzisa ipompo noma "ipheya" lezokwelapha, udinga ukuzama ukuphefumula umoya ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa i-valve (emigodini yamapayipi). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukucinana kokunikezwa komoya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ama-clamps noma ishubhu yerabha eliminyene.
• Uma konke kuhlelekile nge-valve, izovalwa futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukuvuthela umoya. Uma kungenjalo, ingxenye yayo ewumshini ayisebenzi. Ungazama ukuyibuyisela, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• kuyadingeka ukufaka ugesi wamanje koxhumana nabo be-valve kusukela kumandla kagesi noma ibhethri usebenzisa izintambo. Okwamanje i-circuit ivaliwe, kufanele uzwe ukuchofoza kwesici, okubonisa ukuthi i-valve isebenzile futhi yavula. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, mhlawumbe esikhundleni sokuwohloka komshini, kwenzeka ugesi, okungukuthi, ikhoyili yawo kagesi yasha.
• Ngevalvu exhunywe emthonjeni wamandla kagesi, kufanele uzame ukuvuthela umoya kuyo ngendlela ekhonjiswe ngenhla. Uma isevisi, futhi ngokufanelekile ivulekile, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kusebenze ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukupompa emoyeni, i-valve ayisebenzi.
• khona-ke udinga ukusetha kabusha amandla avela ku-valve, futhi kuzoba nokuchofoza futhi, okubonisa ukuthi i-valve ivaliwe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-valve iyasebenza.

futhi, i-valve ye-adsorber ingabhekwa kusetshenziswa i-multifunctional multimeter, imodi ye-ohmmeter ehunyushwe - idivayisi yokulinganisa inani lokumelana nokufakwa kwe-electromagnetic winding ye-valve. Ama-probes wedivayisi kufanele abekwe kumatheminali ekhoyili (kunezixazululo ezihlukahlukene zokuklama lapho izintambo ezivela ku-electronic control unit zixhunywe kuyo), futhi uhlole ukumelana nokufakwa phakathi kwazo. Kuvalvu evamile, esebenzisekayo, leli nani kufanele libe phakathi kuka-10 ... 30 Ohms noma lihluke kancane kulobu bubanzi.

Uma inani lokumelana lincane, khona-ke kukhona ukuwohloka kwekhoyili ye-electromagnetic (i-short turn-to-turn circuit). Uma inani lokumelana likhulu kakhulu (libalwa ku-kilo- ngisho nama-megaohms), khona-ke ikhoyili kagesi iyaphuka. Kuzo zombili izimo, ikhoyili, ngakho-ke i-valve, ngeke isetshenziswe. Uma ithengiswa emzimbeni, khona-ke indlela kuphela yokuphuma kulesi simo iwukuba esikhundleni ngokuphelele i-valve entsha.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezinye izimoto zivumela inani eliphezulu lokumelana nokushisa kukhoyili yevalvu (okungukuthi, kufika ku-10 kOhm). Hlola lolu lwazi kumanuwali yemoto yakho.

ngakho-ke, ukuze wazi ukuthi ungabheka kanjani ukuthi i-valve ye-adsorber iyasebenza, udinga ukuyiqeda futhi uyihlole ezimweni zegaraji. Into eyinhloko ukwazi lapho othintana nabo kagesi, kanye nokwenza ukubuyekezwa komshini wedivayisi.

Indlela yokulungisa i-adsorber ne-valve

Kumele kuqashelwe ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi kokubili i-adsorber kanye ne-valve ezimweni eziningi azikwazi ukulungiswa, ngokulandelana, kufanele kushintshwe amayunithi amasha afanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphathelene ne-adsorber, kwezinye izimo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, irabha yegwebu iyabola endlini yayo, ngenxa yokuthi amalahle kuwo avala amapayipi kanye ne-EVAP system solenoid valve.

Ukubola kwerabha ye-foam kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ze-banal - kusukela ekugugeni, izinguquko eziqhubekayo zokushisa, ukuchayeka kumswakama. Ungazama ukufaka esikhundleni isihlukanisi se-foam se-adsorber. Nokho, lokhu akunakwenziwa ngawo wonke amayunithi, amanye awo awahlukaniseki.

Uma umzimba we-adsorber ugqwalile noma ubolile (ngokuvamile futhi kusukela ekugugeni, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukuchayeka njalo kumswakama), ungazama ukuwubuyisela, kodwa kungcono ukuthi ungalingi isiphetho bese ufaka esikhundleni esisha.

Ukuhlola i-valve ngesilawuli sokuzenzela

Ukucabanga okufanayo kuyasebenza ku-valve ye-solenoid yohlelo lokubuyisela umhwamuko kaphethiloli. Iningi lalawa mayunithi awahlukaniseki. Okusho ukuthi, ikhoyili ye-electromagnetic idayiswa endlini yayo, futhi uma ihluleka (ukuphazamiseka kwe-insulation noma ikhefu elijikajikayo), ngeke kwenzeke ukuyibuyisela entsha.

Isimo esifanayo ncamashi nentwasahlobo yokubuya. Uma sekuye kwaba buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungazama ukuyifaka esikhundleni esisha, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhiqiza kabusha. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, kusengcono ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe kwe-adsorber ne-valve yayo ukuze ugweme ukuthenga okubizayo nokulungiswa.

Abanye abanikazi bezimoto abafuni ukunaka ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa kwesistimu yokubuyisela umhwamuko wegesi, futhi umane nje "ujamu". Nokho, le ndlela yokusebenzelana ayinangqondo. Okokuqala, kuthinta ngempela imvelo, futhi lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu zamadolobha amakhulu, ezivele zingahlukaniswa ngendawo ehlanzekile. Okwesibili, uma uhlelo lwe-EVAP lungasebenzi kahle noma lungasebenzi nhlobo, khona-ke ama-vapor kaphethiloli acindezelwe ngezikhathi ezithile azophuma ngaphansi kwesivalo sethangi legesi. Futhi lokhu kuzokwenzeka kaningi, ukuthi izinga lokushisa lizoba phezulu kangakanani kumthamo wethangi legesi. Lesi simo siyingozi ngezizathu eziningana.

Okokuqala, ukuqina kwe-tank cap kuphukile, lapho uphawu luphulwa khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi umnikazi wemoto cishe kuzodingeka athenge i-cap entsha ngezikhathi ezithile. Okwesibili, imfucumfucu kaphethiloli ayinayo nje iphunga elibi, kodwa futhi iyingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi lokhu kuyingozi, inqobo nje uma umshini usegumbini elivaliwe elinomoya ophansi. Futhi okwesithathu, ama-fuel vapors avele aqhume, futhi uma eshiya ithangi legesi ngesikhathi lapho kunomthombo womlilo ovulekile eduze kwemoto, khona-ke isimo somlilo sivela ngemiphumela edabukisayo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuba "ujamule" uhlelo lokubuyisela umusi kaphethiloli, esikhundleni salokho kungcono ukuwugcina ngokuhlelekile futhi uqaphe i-canister ne-valve yayo.

isiphetho

Ukuhlola i-adsorber, kanye ne-valve yayo yokuhlanza i-electromagnetic, akunzima kakhulu ngisho nakubanikazi bezimoto abaqalayo. Into eyinhloko ukwazi ukuthi lezi zindawo zitholakala kuphi emotweni ethile, nokuthi zixhunywe kanjani. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, uma i-node eyodwa noma enye ihluleka, ayikwazi ukulungiswa, ngakho-ke idinga ukushintshwa ngamasha.

Ngokuqondene nombono wokuthi uhlelo lokubuyisela umhwamuko kaphethiloli kufanele luvalwe, kungabangelwa imibono eyiphutha. Uhlelo lwe-EVAP kufanele lusebenze kahle, futhi lunikeze hhayi kuphela ubungane bemvelo, kodwa futhi nokusebenza okuphephile kwemoto ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.