Uphethiloli nodizili bakhiqizwa futhi bathathwe kanjani?

Amafutha amabili amakhulu, uphethiloli nodizili, akhiqizwa kanjani? Iyiphi kulokhu kokubili edinga ubunkimbinkimbi namandla?

Ngakho-ke, umbono otholakele ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthi iplanethi ikhiqize uphethiloli kuphela, ongahlanjululwa kangako, ngakho-ke, obiza kakhulu futhi onobungani bemvelo ukukhiqiza. Kodwa ingabe kuwukuhlakanipha ngempela ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli kadizili? Lapha futhi sizobona ukuthi udizili usekude nokufa, ngaphandle kokuthi, empeleni, ulahlwa ngokungenabulungisa yiziphathimandla (okumbulwa njengamanje) ...

Ukukhishwa kukaphethiloli nodizili emafutheni

Njengoba wazi, okungenani ngiyethemba wena ukuthi womabili la mafutha enziwe ngegolide elimnyama. Zikhishwa okuthiwa yi-distillation, okungukuthi, ngokushisa uwoyela ongahluziwe ukuze uhwamuke futhi uhlukanise izinto ezisetshenziswayo.

Kufana nokuthi ngabe ubufuna ukukha amanzi ngembiza ephekiwe, udinga nje ukuyifudumeza ukuze ihwamuke amanzi, angaqoqwa ngaphansi kwesembozo esimboza imbiza yakho (ukufingqa). Ngakho-ke, kusebenza umgomo ofanayo lapha: sibasa uwoyela bese siqoqa amagesi ukuze aphole: ukufinyela, okuvumela uwoyela ukuthi ubuyele esimweni soketshezi.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswa amakholomu we-distillation, avumela ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemiphunga kawoyela. Konke kufudunyezwa kube ngu-400 °, ngemuva kwalokho ikholomu ivumela ukwehlukaniswa kwezingxenye zomhwamuko ngenxa yethempelesha, eyehluka ngokuya ngamakamelo. Izinto ezahlukahlukene zizohlangana egumbini ngalinye, njengoba ngayinye yazo ihlangana emazingeni okushisa athile kakhulu.

Umehluko phakathi kokukhiqizwa nokukhishwa kukaphethiloli nodizili

Kodwa yini eyenza ukukhishwa kukaphethiloli kudizili kuhluke kukaphethiloli?

Lokhu futhi kulula kakhulu njengoba kuye ngezinga lokushisa lokucwiliswa kwe-distillation ozobe ukhipha okukodwa noma okunye: uphethiloli uyahwamuka/ujiya phakathi kuka-20 no-70° kanye nodizili ophakathi kuka-250 no-350° (kuncike ekubunjweni kwayo kanye nomfutho womoya). Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi sidinga amandla afanayo, ngoba ekusebenzeni kwezimboni siqala ngokushisa amafutha ku-400 degrees ukuze "akhishwe" yizo zonke lezi zinto. Ngakho-ke singakhetha ukubuyisela uphethiloli wedizili noma ukuwuphonsa emgqonyeni kadoti…

Kepha ngombono, sisengavuma ukuthi kuthatha amandla amaningi ukukhipha uphethiloli kunophethiloli, ngoba singazikhawulela ekufudumezeni uwoyela emazingeni aphansi okushisa ukuze kukhishwe kuphela umusi kaphethiloli. Sizobe sibhotela noma kunjalo, futhi akunangqondo.

Futhi qaphela ukuthi udizili kumele abhekane "nokwelashwa kwesulfure" ukuze kusebenze kahle ezinjinini zethu: i-hydrodesulfurization.

Bheka futhi: umehluko wobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezimoto zikaphethiloli nedizili

Ingabe ukumba udizili akusikhona nje ukwengeza uwoyela?

Yebo… Ufunde kahle lokho, endaweni kawoyela ongahluziwe, ingxenye eyodwa inguphethiloli kanti enye iwukubasa udizili (Ngenza kube lula ngoba kukhona negesi, uphalafini, ngisho nowoyela wokubasa kanye nebitumeni).

Uma singashintsha zonke izinjini ngophethiloli, singagcina sesinamafutha angcolile angasetshenziswanga, yize ama-boilers engase athathe izintambo (kepha sikhuluma ngokuwavimbela eFrance eminyakeni ezayo ...).

Ngiyaphinda futhi, ngiyaqaphela ukuthi isifiso sokunyamalala kukaphethiloli we-diesel kuwukukhohlisa kwengqondo.

Mayelana nokukhishwa okungcolisayo, ngikusho kaninginingi, udizili ukhiqiza cishe okufana nophethiloli kusukela lapho siqhathanisa izinjini ezimbili (uphethiloli nodizili), ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo.: I-injection eqondile noma umjovo ongaqondile. Ubungozi begesi yokukhipha bucindezelwa uhlobo lomjovo, hhayi uhlobo lukaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe! Udizili ukhipha umusi omnyama omningi, kepha lapha awubambi iqhaza eliwujuqu kwezempilo, ngokuyinhloko kuyinto engabonakali, elimaza kakhulu amaphaphu ethu (igesi enobuthi nezinhlayiya ezincane ezingabonakali). Kodwa izinhlobo zethu azikabonakali zivuthiwe ngokwanele ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalolu hlobo lomusa (ngikhuluma lapha ngezintatheli nomphakathi jikelele, ochwepheshe bazi kahle kakhulu ukuthi bakhuluma ngani. Angizenzi omunye wongoti, ngaphandle kepha anginqeni ukubheka engikutshelwa ukuthi ngiqiniseke ngemininingwane).