Umenzi ugcina kanjani ngokulahla umthengi: Izinketho eziyi-10
Okuqukethwe
"Imoto ingaba nombala, kodwa ngombandela wokuthi imnyama", -kusho uHenry Ford ngemodeli yakhe edumile iModel T. Lesi yisibonelo sokuqala somzabalazo waphakade phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabathengi. Umenzi wezimoto, kunjalo, uzama ukonga imali eningi ngangokunokwenzeka kwiklayenti, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ulwela ukwenza konke ukwenza iklayenti liyithande.
Ibhizinisi lezimoto lesimanje ligcwele izibonelo zokonga ezikude nokungenangozi futhi ezihamba eceleni komnikazi ongalindele. Umkhuba ovame kakhulu ukwenza izimoto kube nzima kakhulu ukuzilungisa. Nalu uhlu lwezingcezu zobufakazi ezi-10 ezivame kakhulu.
1 Aluminium ibhulokhi
Amabhulokhi e-Linerless aluminium anciphisa isisindo senjini. Lo mklamo unenye inzuzo: i-aluminium ine-conductivity ephakeme yokushisa kunensimbi yensimbi. Izindonga zesilinda enjinini enjalo zifakwe i-nikasil (i-alloy ye-nickel, i-aluminium kanye ne-carbides) noma i-alusil (enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-silicon).
Ukusebenza kwenjini enjalo kuhle kakhulu - ilula, ine-geometry ye-cylinder enhle kakhulu ngenxa ye-deformation encane yokushisa. Kodwa-ke, uma kudingeka ukulungiswa okukhulu, isisombululo kuphela ukusebenzisa imikhono yokulungisa. Lokhu kwenza ukulungisa kubize kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neyunithi yensimbi efanayo.
2 Valve ukulungiswa
Izinjini eziningi zanamuhla zidinga inqubo engathandeki, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo nge-mileage ephezulu yamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-120: ukulungiswa kwe-valve. Ngempela, ngisho amayunithi amamodeli abiza kakhulu anomthamo osebenzayo ongaphezu kwamalitha ama-2 enziwa ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ama-hydraulic.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukukhulisa ama-camshafts ngezikhathi ezithile bese ushintsha amakepisi wokulungisa. Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ezimotweni ezibhajethelwa njengeLada neDacia, kodwa nakuNissan X-Trail nenjini yayo enamandla iQR25DE. Embonini, ukusethwa kulula, kepha kuyinqubo ekhandlekayo nebucayi uma yenziwa yisikhungo sesevisi.
Inkinga ngezinye izikhathi ithinta ngisho nezinjini ezinochungechunge, okuthiwa ziklanyelwe ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokulungiswa okukhulu. Isibonelo esihle ngenjini kaphethroli engu-1,6 litre emndenini wakwaHyundai noKia.
3 Isistimu yokukhipha
Idizayini yohlelo lokukhipha futhi iyisibonelo esihle sokonga impahla. Kuvame ukwenziwa ngesimo sethubhu ende, engenakuhlukaniswa equkethe zonke izinto: kusuka kokuphindaphindwayo okuguquguqukayo nokuguquguqukayo kuya kumshini oyinhloko.
Lokhu kusebenza kumamodeli amaningi anjengeDacia Dokker. Ngokwemvelo, isixazululo esinjalo asisihle neze lapho kudingeka silungise into eyodwa kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka esikhundleni se-muffler, esivame ukwehluleka.
Ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa, kufanele uqale usike ipayipi. Into entsha bese ishiselwa ohlelweni oludala. Enye indlela ukuguqula yonke kit njengoba ithengiswa. Kepha kushibhile kumkhiqizi.
4 Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo
Impilo yesevisi yazo zonke izinhlobo zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo incike kakhulu ekushiseni kokusebenza kwayo. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bavame ukulahla uhlelo lokupholisa ukudlulisa - ukonga imali, kunjalo.
Lokhu akwenziwa kuphela ezimotweni zesabelomali zedolobha, kepha futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuma-crossovers amakhulu, avame ukubhekana nengcindezi enkulu ku-drivetrain. Izizukulwane zokuqala zeMitsubishi Outlander XL, iCitroen C-Crosser nePeugeot 4007 ziyizibonelo ezinhle.
Zazakhiwe endaweni eyodwa. Kusukela ngo-2010, abakhiqizi bayeka ukufaka amakhaza kuJatco JF011 drivetrain, okuholele ekutheni izikhalazo zamakhasimende ziphindaphindwe kathathu. IVW's 7-speed DSG nayo ibe nezinkinga ngama-clutches owomile, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziswa yiFord Powershift.
5 Chassis
Abanye abakhiqizi abahlukanisi idrayivu shaft futhi bathengiswa kuphela kusethi enamalunga amabili. Esikhundleni sokufaka into enephutha kuphela, umnikazi wemoto kufanele athenge ikhithi entsha, engabiza kuze kufike ku- $ 1000.
Okubi kunakho konke, lesi sinqumo sivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zesabelomali abanikazi bazo baphoqeleka ngokuzumayo ukuthi balungise izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu kunezindleko ezifanayo zamamodeli aneshaft split drive, njengeVolkswagen Touareg.
6 Hub amabombo
Ngokwandayo, kusetshenziswa amabombo wehabhu, angafakwa kuphela endaweni yehabhu noma ahlanganiswe nehabhu ne-disc brake.
Izixazululo ezinjalo azitholakali eLada Niva kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezimotweni eziyimodeli, njengeCitroen C4 yakamuva. Okuhlanganisiwe ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni se- "node" yonke. Okubi ukuthi kubiza kakhulu.
7 Ukukhanyisa
Izinhlelo zikagesi ezimotweni zesimanje ziyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuba umenzi wazo unamathuba amaningi okudlula futhi alondoloze imali.
Isibonelo esihle amalambu amalambu asemalambini, okuthi kumamodeli amaningi akhanyiswe ngeswishi ngaphandle kokudlulisa - yize amandla esewonke edlula ama-watts ayi-100. Lokhu kunjalo, isibonelo, ngezimoto ezakhiwe endaweni yesikhulumi iRenault-Nissan B0 (isizukulwane sokuqala uCaptur, uNissan Kicks, uDacia Sandero, uLogan noDuster I). Ngabo, ilambu elikhanyayo livame ukusha ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
8 Amalambu
Indlela efanayo isebenza kumalambu angaphambili. Ngisho noma kukhona ukuqhekeka okuncane engilazini, kuzodingeka ubeke yonke i-optics, hhayi into ephukile. Esikhathini esedlule, amamodeli amaningi, njengeVolvo 850, ayevumela kuphela ukufaka ingilazi ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu.
9 LED yokukhanya
Ukushaya kwakamuva ukusetshenziswa kwama-LED esikhundleni sama-bulbs. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela emalangeni asebenza emini, kodwa futhi namalambu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namalambu angemuva. Ziyakhanya ngokugqamile futhi zilondoloze amandla, kepha uma i-diode eyodwa ihluleka, lonke ilambu kufanele lishintshwe. Futhi kubiza izikhathi eziningi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
10 Chassis
Cishe zonke izimoto zesimanje zisebenzisa isakhiwo esizisekelayo, esiqukethe ingxenye eyodwa eshiselwe, lapho izingxenye ezinkulu zomzimba (iminyango, i-hood kanye ne-tailgate, uma kuyi-hatchback noma inqola yesiteshi) zinamathiselwe imishudo.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kukabhampa kunogongolo oluvikelayo, olukhubaza futhi lumunce amandla kumthelela. Kumamodeli amaningi, iboshelwe kumalungu asemaceleni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye, njengeLogan yokuqala neNissan Almera, ishiselwe ngqo ku-chassis. Kushibhile futhi kulula kumenzi. Kepha zama ukuyisusa ngemuva kokushaya kancane.
