Ungayishayela kanjani kahle imoto?

Umgwaqo omkhulu

Ukuhamba kwemoto kuwumphumela wamandla adonsela phansi emotweni. Ukuthi imoto ihamba noma imile kuncike emandleni adonsela phansi noma amandla adonsela phansi. Amandla adonsela phansi aphusha amasondo emoto abheke emgwaqeni. Umphumela wala mandla usenkabeni yamandla adonsela phansi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo semoto eduze kwezimbazo kuncike endaweni yesikhungo sokudonsela phansi. Lapho isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi sisondela kwenye yama-ekseli, kuba mkhulu umthwalo kuleyo eseli. Ezimotweni, umthwalo we-axle usatshalaliswa cishe ngokulinganayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuzinzeni nasekulawuleni imoto yindawo yesikhungo sokudonsela phansi, hhayi kuphela ngokuphathelene ne-axis longitudinal, kodwa futhi ukuphakama. Lapho isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi siphezulu, umshini uzozinza kancane. Uma imoto isendaweni esezingeni, amandla adonsela phansi aqondiswe ngokuqondile phansi.

Ukushayela uthambekele

Ebusweni obuthambekele, ihlukaniswa ibe amabutho amabili. Omunye wabo ucindezela amasondo ebusweni bomgwaqo, kanti enye, njengokujwayelekile, igingqa imoto. Ukuphakama kwesikhungo samandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuthambeka okuningana kwemoto, ukusimama okusheshayo kuyancipha futhi imoto ingagudluka. Ngenkathi ushayela, ngaphezu kwamandla adonsela phansi, amanye amandla amaningi athinta imoto edinga amandla enjini. Amandla asebenza emotweni ngenkathi eshayela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi. Ukumelana ne-rolling kusetshenziselwa ukukhubaza amathayi nemigwaqo, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamathayi, ukungqubuzana kwamasondo edrayivu, nokuningi. Phakamisa ukumelana ngokuya ngesisindo semoto ne-engela encikile. Amandla wokumelana nomoya, ubukhulu bawo buxhomeke ekubunjweni kwemoto, ijubane elihambisanayo lokuhamba kwayo nobukhulu bomoya.

Umshini amandla centrifugal

Amandla we-centrifugal avela lapho imoto igobile futhi iqondiswa kude ne-bend. Amandla we-inertia yokunyakaza, inani lalo eliqukethe amandla adingekayo ukusheshisa ubukhulu bemoto ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwayo phambili. Futhi amandla adingekayo ekusheshiseni kwe-angular kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo zemoto. Ukuhamba kwemoto kungenzeka kuphela uma amasondo ayo enamathela ngokwanele ebusweni bomgwaqo. Uma kungekho traction eyanele, ukudonsa okuncane kusuka emasondweni okushayela, khona-ke amasondo ayashibilika. Ukudonswa kuncike esisindweni sesondo, isimo sendawo yomgwaqo, ingcindezi yesondo nokunyathela. Ukunquma umthelela wezimo zomgwaqo kumzamo wokubambeka, i-coefficient yokunamathela isetshenziswa, okunqunywa ngokuhlukanisa umzamo wokudonsa ngamasondo edrayivu yemoto.

I-coefficient yokunamathela kwezimoto

Nesisindo semoto kula masondo. I-Coefficient yokunamathela kuye ngokumbozwa. Ukuhlangana kokunamathela kuncike ohlotsheni lwendawo yomgwaqo nesimo sayo, njengomswakama, udaka, iqhwa, iqhwa. Emigwaqweni ye-asphalt, i-coefficient yokunamathela incipha kakhulu uma kukhona ukungcola okumanzi nothuli ebusweni. Kulokhu, ukungcola kwakha ifilimu, kunciphisa kakhulu i-coefficient yokunamathela. Ifilimu enamafutha enebitume eliphumayo ivela emigwaqweni eshisayo ye-asphalt lapho kushisa. Okunciphisa ukulingana kokunamathela. Ukwehla kokubambelela kokubamba kwamasondo ngomgwaqo nakho kuyabonakala ngejubane elikhulayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ijubane likhuphuka emgwaqeni owomile onokhonkolo we-asphalt kusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-60 km / h, inani lokulingana lincipha ngo-0,15. Amandla enjini asetshenziselwa ukuqhubekisela phambili amasondo wemoto yokushayela nokunqoba amandla okuqophisana ekudlulisweni.

I-kinetic energy yemoto

Uma inani lamandla amasondo okushayela azungeza ngalo, okwenza ukudonsa, likhulu kunamandla okudonsa, imoto izohamba ngokusheshisa. Ukusheshisa ukwanda kwesivinini ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi. Uma amandla okudonsa alingana namandla okumelana, khona-ke imoto izohamba ngaphandle kokusheshisa ngesivinini esifanayo. Uma amandla aphezulu enjini aphakeme futhi anciphisa ukumelana okuphelele, imoto izofinyelela ngokushesha isivinini esithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lokusheshisa lithinteka isisindo semoto. Isilinganiso segiya, idrayivu yokugcina, inani lamagiya nokulinganisa kwemoto. Ngenkathi ushayela, inani elithile lamandla e-kinetic liqoqwa, futhi imoto ithola inertia.

Inertia yemoto

Ngenxa ye-inertia, imoto ingahamba isikhashana injini icishiwe. Isibalo sisetshenziselwa ukonga uphethiloli. Ukumisa imoto kubalulekile ekuphepheni ukushayela futhi kuya ngezimpawu zayo zokubopha amabhuleki. Amabhuleki angcono futhi enokwethenjelwa, ushesha ukumisa imoto ehambayo. Futhi ungahamba ngokushesha, ngakho-ke isivinini sakhe esimaphakathi sizoba ngaphezulu. Lapho imoto ihamba, amandla e-kinetic anqwabelene afakwa ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki. Ukumelana nomoya kunomthelela ekubhuleni amabhuleki. Rolling futhi ephakamisa ukumelana. Emthambekeni, akukho ukumelana nokuphakamisa, futhi kufakwa ingxenye yesisindo ku-inertia yemoto, okwenza kube nzima ukuyimisa. Lapho kubhulekelwa amabhuleki, phakathi kwamasondo nomgwaqo, kwenziwa ibhuleki ebhekene nobheke ekuqondeni kwe-traction.

Ukuhamba komsebenzi lapho imoto ihamba

Ukubhaka amabhuleki kuncike ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwamandla ka-braking nokudonsa ngamandla. Uma amandla okudonsa amasondo edlula ibhuleki, imoto iyama. Uma ibhuleki ibhuleka ngaphezu komzamo wokubambeka, khona-ke amasondo azokwehla ngokuhambisana nomgwaqo lapho kubhuleka amabhuleki. Esimweni sokuqala, lapho amisiwe, amasondo ajikeleza, ancipha kancane kancane, namandla e-kinetic emoto aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa. Ama-pads afudumele nama-disc. Kwisimo sesibili, amasondo ayayeka ukujikijela futhi ashibilike eceleni komgwaqo, ngakho-ke amandla amaningi we-kinetic azoguqulwa abe ukushisa kokushayisana kwamathayi emgwaqeni. Ukuma namasondo uphumule kuphazamisa isiminyaminya, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni eshelelayo. Amandla amakhulu wamabhuleki angatholakala kuphela lapho izikhathi zokuma kwamasondo zilingana nemithwalo ebangelwe yizo.

Ukulingana ekuhambeni kwemoto

Uma lokhu kulinganisa kungabonwa, amandla okubhuleka elinye lamasondo ngeke asetshenziswe ngokugcwele. Ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki kubalwa njengomsebenzi webanga lokubhuleka kanye nenani lokwehla kwejubane. Ibanga lokubhuleka liyibanga elihambayo imoto kusukela iqala ukubhuleka ize iphelele. Ukusheshiswa kwemoto inani ijubane lemoto elincipha ngalo ngeyunithi yesikhathi. Ukushayela imoto kuqondwa njengekhono layo lokushintsha indlela eya ngakhona. Umthelela wokuzinzisa wama-engeli we-longitudinal ne-transverse etshekile ye-eksisi yokuzungezisa isondo. Lapho imoto ihamba emgqeni oqondile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amasondo esiteringi angajikijeli ngokungahleliwe nokuthi umshayeli akudingeki enze umzamo wokugcina amasondo esendleleni efanele. Imoto inikeza ukuzinza kwamasondo esiteringi endaweni eya phambili.

Izici zomshini

Lokhu kutholakala ngenxa ye-longitudinal angle yokuthambekela kwe-axis yokujikeleza kanye ne-angle phakathi kwendiza yokujikeleza kwesondo nokuma mpo. Ngenxa yokuthambeka kwe-longitudinal, isondo liyalungiswa ukuze iphuzu lalo le-pivot lidluliswe ngokuhlobene ne-axis yokujikeleza, futhi ukusebenza kufana ne-roller. Emthambekeni onganqamuki, ukuguqula isondo kuhlala kunzima kakhulu kunokulibuyisela endaweni yalo yokuqala, lihamba ngomugqa oqondile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma isondo liphenduka, ingaphambili lemoto likhuphuka ngenani b. Umshayeli ubeka umzamo othe xaxa esiteshini sokushayela. Ukubuyisa amasondo aqondiswa kulayini oqondile, isisindo semoto sisiza ukuqondisa amasondo bese umshayeli esebenzisa amandla amancane esiterini. Ezimotweni, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinengcindezi yamathaya aphansi, kubonakala ukungezwani okulandelayo.

Amathiphu wokushayela

Ukuhlehla emuva kwesikhathi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla asemaceleni abangela ukwehla kwe-lateral kwesondo. Kulokhu, amasondo awagingqiki kulayini oqondile, kepha ahamba eceleni enethonya lamandla asemaceleni. Amasondo amabili ku-ekseli langaphambili anendlela efanayo yokuqondisa. Lapho amasondo esetjenziswa, irediyasi ephendukako iyatjhuguluka. Lokho kukhushulwa ngokuncipha kwesiteringi semoto nokuqina kokushayela akuguquki. Njengoba amasondo ku-ekseli langemuva ehamba, irediyasi ephendukayo iyancipha. Lokhu kugqame kakhulu uma i-engeli yokuthambekela kwamasondo angemuva inkulu kunaleyo yamasondo angaphambili, nokuzinza kuyawohloka. Imoto iqala ukuwa futhi umshayeli kumele njalo alungise indlela ohamba ngayo. Ukwehlisa ithonya ledrayivu ekushayeleni, umfutho womoya kumasondo wangaphambili kufanele wehle kancane kunangemuva.

Ukudonswa komgwaqo

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuslayida kungadala ukuthi imoto ijikeleze iqonde ngqo ku-eksisi yayo eme mpo. I-Slippage ingavela kuzizathu eziningi. Uma uwajika ngokucijile amasondo okuqondisa, ungathola ukuthi amandla angenawo amandla makhulu kunokudonsa kwamasondo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu emigwaqweni eshelelayo. Uma kwenzeka kuqiniswa noma kufakwa amabhuleki angalingani asetshenzisiwe kumasondo ngakwesokunene nangakwesobunxele, esebenza ohlangothini olude, umzuzu wokujika kwenzeka, okuholela ekushibilikeni. Isizathu esisheshayo sokushibilika ngesikhathi sokubamba amabhuleki kungamandla ebhuleki angalingani kumasondo ku-eksisi elilodwa. Ukudonsa okungalingani kwamasondo ngakwesokunene noma ngakwesokunxele komgwaqo noma ukubekwa okungafanele kwezimpahla maqondana ne-longitudinal axis yemoto Imoto nayo ingahle ishelele lapho imisiwe.

Amathiphu wokushayela

Kuyadingeka ukuvimbela imoto ekushibilikeni. Misa amabhuleki ngaphandle kokukhipha i-clutch. Shintsha amasondo abheke ohlangothini olushelelayo. Lezi zindlela zenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho ukwehla kuqala. Ngemuva kokumisa injini, amasondo kufanele aqondaniswe ukuvimbela isithuthuthu ukuthi siqale kolunye uhlangothi. Imvamisa, ukushelela kwenzeka lapho ume ngokungazelelwe emgwaqweni omanzi noma obandayo. Futhi ngesivinini esikhulu, isiliphu sanda ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke emigwaqweni eshelelayo noma eneqhwa nasemakhoneni, kufanele wehlise ijubane ngaphandle kokufaka amabhuleki. Ikhono lemoto engaphandle komgwaqo lilele ekhonweni layo lokushayela emigwaqeni emibi nezimo ezingekho emigwaqeni, kanye nokunqoba izithiyo ezahlukahlukene ezihlangabezane nomgwaqo. Ukuvunywa kunqunywa. Ikhono lokunqoba ukumelana okugoqekayo ngokusebenzisa isondo lokudonsa.

Ukuhamba kwemoto kwe-4x4

Ubukhulu jikelele bemoto. Ikhono lemoto lokunqoba izithiyo emgwaqeni. Isici esiyinhloko esibonisa i-flotation isilinganiso esiphakathi kwamandla amakhulu wokudonsa asetshenziswe kumasondo wedrayivu nakamandla okuhudula. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhamba kwemoto kunqunyelwe ukungalingani ngokwanele. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ukugxila okuphezulu. I-coefficient yokunamathela kwesisindo isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhono lemoto lokuhamba phansi. Kunqunywa ngokuhlukanisa isisindo ngenxa yamasondo okushayela ngesisindo semoto esiphelele. Amandla amakhulu kakhulu omgwaqo yizimoto ezihamba ngamasondo amane. Endabeni yama-trailer akhulisa isisindo esiphelele kepha angasishintshi isisindo sokudonsa, amandla okuwela ujantshi ancipha kakhulu.

Ukudonswa kwamasondo okushayela lapho imoto ihamba

Ukucindezela kwesondo okuqondile emgwaqeni kanye nephethini lokunyathela kunomthelela omkhulu ekuthambekeni kwamasondo edrayivu. Ingcindezi ethize inqunywa ingcindezi yesisindo samasondo sendawo ephrintekayo yesondo. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ukungena kwemoto kuzoba ngcono uma ingcindezi ethile iphansi. Emigwaqeni eqinile futhi eshelelayo, ikhono lokuwela imigwaqo yasedolobheni liyathuthukiswa ngengcindezi ethize ephakeme. Isondo elinephethini elikhulu lokunyathela emhlabathini othambile lizoba nonyawo olukhulu futhi licindezele othize. Ngenkathi emhlabathini oqinile umugqa waleli thayi uzoba mncane futhi ingcindezi ethile izokwanda.