Ama-protrusions nezimbobo zakheka kanjani? Yini okufanele uyenze uma imoto ingekho esimeni enkundleni yethu yokuqeqesha amathangi?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kobukhomanisi nentando yeningi? Bantshontshe ama-Comanches, kodwa abakwazanga ukulungisa kuphela, kodwa nokwakha imigwaqo emisha. Nalaba besifazane bangemva kukaNovemba abakwazi nokulungisa lokhu okwakhiwe yi-Comanche. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isabelomali sombuso sithola imali eningi kakhulu entela yamafutha kanye nezindleko ezahlukene okufanele zikhokhelwe abanikazi bezimoto. Ngandlela thize ngingayihumusha ngokukhululekile inkulumo-mpikiswano yeqembu labantu abaneminyaka engaba ngu-50 ababecasulwe yisimo esibi soxhaxha lwemigwaqo yethu. Igama elithi "uphawu" noma kunalokho imbobo efanele yigama elivame kakhulu esifundeni sethu, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kobusika nasezinyangeni zokuqala zasentwasahlobo, ngakho wonke umshayeli wemoto waseSlovakia uyazi. Abanye baze bachaze kabanzi ngokuthi “babe nenhlanhla” kanjani futhi balimaza imoto yabo.

Potholes izizathu

Ukubunjwa kwakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi indawo yomgwaqo indala kuneminyaka engama-20 futhi ezimweni eziningi azinakekelwa - azibuyekezwa. Ingaphezulu lemigwaqo yethu lenziwe cishe ngetiyela kuphela, kuyilapho itiyela elineminyaka engu-20 ubudala alisakwazi ukuhlanganisa usimende njengetiyela endaweni entsha futhi ngenxa yalokho izinto ezisindayo ezihlangene nesimo sezulu esibandayo zenza le nto ibe bushelelezi okuholela ekubhujisweni kwayo kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala, ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa kanye nesimo sezulu esishubile, ukuminyana kuyimbangela yesimo esibi semigwaqo yethu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imigwaqo eminingi ayizange yakhiwe ngomthwalo onjalo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokudala (ngaphansi kombuso wangaphambili) izimpahla eziningi zazithuthwa ngesitimela. Manje ukuminyana kwabagibeli futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthuthwa kwempahla kwehle kakhulu, futhi incane imali etshaliwe ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo eminingi yamabanga amade.

Ukukhishwa kwenzeka kanjani?

Izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwe-zero futhi inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-asphalt iqhwa ifinyelele ekujuleni kwamasentimitha amaningana, uma kuba nesithwathwa esinamandla - kufika kumashumi amaningana amasentimitha. Kamuva, ukufudumala kwenzeka, izinga lokushisa lisondele ku-zero, amanzi angena ku-asphalt eqhekekile futhi endala, ngokuvamile kanye nosawoti, futhi azinza emigodini emincane noma emikhulu ngaphansi komgwaqo. Inhlabathi eqandisiwe ngaphansi kwendlela egandayiwe, engakancibiliki esikhathini esifushane kangaka, ayingeneki, ngakho-ke amanzi awakwazi ukugeleza - cwilisa ujule emhlabathini. Amanzi angaphansi komgwaqo akha idamu elincane. Lawa manzi, asemihumeni, abe esephenduka iqhwa lapho izinga lokushisa lehla futhi, njengoba sazi, linomthamo omkhulu kunamanzi futhi anda nhlangothi zonke. Ingaphezulu le-asphalt liphuma kancane ngenxa yokucindezela. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kweziro futhi, iqhwa ekamelweni lizoncibilika. Njengoba amanzi enomthamo omncane kuneqhwa, umgodi okhulisiwe uhlala ugcwele amanzi kancane. Okusele - ingxenye engenalutho yomgodi we-concave iyaqhekeka lapho izimoto ezidlulayo futhi indawo yomgwaqo kancane kancane iqala ukudilika. Ukuhamba njalo kwezimoto endaweni eyonakaliswe buthaka enjalo kubangela ukwanda kwayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufuduka okudala okwaziwayo. Kusukela kulawa maqiniso angenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi ukwakheka kwemigodi kuncike kakhulu ekuhambeni kobusika. Isimo esibi kakhulu senzeka uma isithwathwa esinamandla siqhubeka ekuqaleni kobusika, inhlabathi engaphansi komgwaqo iba yiqhwa, bese izinga lokushisa liqala ukushintshashintsha libe nguziro lapho umgwaqo ubanda futhi uncibilika futhi.

Umthetho omncane

Vele, uma ushayela unengcindezi enkulu, uzibeka engcupheni yokulimaza imoto yakho, imvamisa kakhulu ukumiswa kwamasondo ne-axle axle. Izincazelo, noma kunalokho ukukhubazeka emgwaqeni, kuchazwe ku-§ 12 ye-Odinensi No. 35/1984 Coll. Amagama athile:

Amaphutha ekugunyazweni kwemigwaqo emikhulu, imigwaqo kanye nemigwaqo yasendaweni kuwushintsho ekuphatheni kwayo le migwaqo okubangelwa imithelela yangaphandle umshayeli angenakuyibona kusengaphambili. Ubungozi bokuba semgwaqeni buhlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, imigodi, imigodi, ukungahambi kahle endaweni engenasici engxenyeni eqhubekayo yomgwaqo, impahla egcinwe ngendlela engafanele, izihlahla namatshe awile, izimpawu zomgwaqo ezilimele kanye nezinye izithiyo, uma zingaxwayiswanga ngemithetho ebekiwe. . indlela.

Kwakubuhlungu ukudlulisa umjovo, yini elandelayo?

Uma ulimaze imoto yakho ngenkathi ushayela ngemva komshini wokunyathelisa, asikho isidingo sokubiza amaphoyisa, futhi uma kunjalo, kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile. Lezi yizimo lapho umonakalo omkhulu wenziwa khona (ama-euro ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa), ngokulandelana. ukulimala, ukulimala. Ngakho-ke, ungafuna amademeshe ngaphandle kokuthi amaphoyisa aphenye ngesigameko noma cha. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ubhale kahle indawo - offset - lapho imoto yonakaliswe khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthatha izithombe zezinga lomonakalo wemoto, kanye nomgwaqo owenzeke kuwo umonakalo, ukuze abasebenzi benkampani yomshwalense bazi ukuthi isigameko esifakwe kumshwalense senzeke kanjani - ukulimala kwemoto. Uma kukhona ofakazi eduze, akulimazi ukubhala phansi ubufakazi. Esimeni lapho unemoto elimale ngephutha, isinxephezelo esilandelayo silula uma kuqhathaniswa. Odinga ukukwenza nje ukubika umonakalo enkampanini yakho yomshwalense ngocingo, ku-inthanethi noma mathupha bese ulinda ukulungiswa nomonakalo. Endabeni yomshuwalense wengozi, ikhasimende elinomshwalense nalo linelungelo lokuthola usizo lwesevisi yosizo, oluzoqinisekisa ukuthi imoto eyonakele ilungiswa khona lapho noma imoto idonswa iyiswa enkonzweni enenkontileka. Kuvela isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma umshayeli olimele engenalo i-fuse ephuthumayo emotweni. Bese kuba nenketho eyodwa kuphela esele - ukufuna isinxephezelo ngomonakalo kumphathi wezokuxhumana. Isinxephezelo samademeshe singafunwa ngaphandle kwenkantolo - uma umphathiswa enomshwalense, noma abuyise amademeshe ngezinqubo zomphakathi. Ngolwazi kuphela: imigwaqo kanye nemigwaqo esheshayo ilawulwa yiNational Automobile Company, imigwaqo yekilasi lokuqala, iSlovak Highway Administration, imigwaqo II. kanye III. iyunithi yendawo ephakeme ehambelanayo (VÚC) nemigwaqo yedolobha, nayo, idolobha elithile.

Ungashayela kanjani emgwaqeni lapho kukhona khona ukuphrinta?

Njengakwezinye izimo, umthetho wokuvikela uyasebenza. Yiqiniso, kuyoba nesimo lapho ukwehluleka kungenakugwenywa. Ngakho-ke, uma i-passage ingenakugwenywa, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa imoto ngaphambili ngangokunokwenzeka. Iphaseji elandelayo akufanele isenzeka ngaphandle kokubhuleka. Okusho ukuthi, ngonyawo lwakho lusuka ku-pedal yebhuleki, bamba izibambo ngokuqinile uma ukwazi (ukujaha) i-clutch pedal phansi, bese ulinda umthelela. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho ushayela phambili bese ubhuleka, isisindo siyanda ngaphambili emotweni futhi, yiqiniso, ku-axle yangaphambili. Ukwanda kwesisindo - ingcindezi ku-axle yangaphambili incike ekushubeni kwe-deceleration - ukubhuleka kwemoto. Ngakho-ke, uma singaphuli, ingcindezi ye-axle yangaphambili ngeke inyuke, futhi amathuba okuthi isondo liphendule. i-ekseli izohlala injalo. Kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi isondo eliginqikayo alibi sengozini uma liqhathaniswa nesondo elikhiywe ngaphansi kwe-braking.

Izindlela Eziningana Zokulungisa Imigwaqo Eyonakele Namuhla

Amaphakethe ashisayo ahlanganayo

Isetshenziswa ezikhathini ezifudumele. Lena ingxube evamile kakhonkolo we-asphalt. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, i-asphalt idinga ukushisisa ifike ku-160°C bese ixutshwa ku-140°C - icindezelwe kanye ne-gravel ne-gravel filler. Uma isetshenziswa emgwaqeni, le nqubo yenzeka esimweni esishisayo, ngakho-ke isitsha esishisayo esenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi sisetshenziselwa ukuthutha, esingavumeli ingxube ye-asphalt ukuba ipholile.

Imiksi yokupakisha okubandayo

Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emakhazeni - ebusika, ukukhiqiza kuyabiza kakhulu. Ingxube ebandayo isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqinisa izindawo ezincane, imvamisa nje njengokuqiniswa kwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa ebusika ukuqinisa imigodi emgwaqeni we-asphalt, owakhiwe kusuka kuqhwa. Ikakhulukazi, amathuba okuthutha ashibhile ngokuhamba amabanga amade futhi, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uyisebenzise ezindaweni eziningana ngamanani amancane asetshenziswa. Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ngokufaka i-asphalt emanzini bese ihlanganiswa ne-aggregate.

Ubuchwepheshe beTurbojet

Ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa imigwaqo kakhonkolo ye-asphalt ngendlela ye-jet buqukethe ukugcwalisa ukukhubazeka kwezendlalelo ezi-abrasive ngengxube ye-emulsion ehlanganisiwe ne-bitumen emulsion kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya ocindezelweyo. Ubuchwepheshe bulungele ukulungisa imijondolo emincane, izindawo ezivulekile ezincane nezendlalelo zomgwaqo ezixegayo. Lo msebenzi uvame ukwenziwa ngobuchwepheshe beTurbo 7000 noma ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-VSV 1000.

Ikhithi yokulungisa umgwaqo i-VSV 1000

Ikhithi yokulungisa umgwaqo (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa nge-ВСВ) yenzelwe ukulungisa imigodi nemifula yemigwaqo, imigwaqo yasendaweni, izindlela zebhayisikili, izindlela zomgwaqo nezindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo kusetshenziswa ingxube ye-aggregate ne-asphalt emulsion concrete esebenzisa indlela ye-jet. Umphumela wokuvuselelwa ukubuyiselwa noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhashana kwamakhono wokuxhumana. Ubuhle besakhiwo esikhulu se-VSV ngokobukhulu nobukhulu besisindo kungenzeka sokulungiswa kwemigwaqo ezikhungweni zedolobha ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile, ngoba izindawo ezilungiswa ngokushesha zihamba. Indlela esetshenzisiwe ukulungisa ukukhishwa okuncane nokulimala kubiza kakhulu njengoba kungekho buchwepheshe obengeziwe obudingekayo ukuyilungisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-protrusions awadingi ukuguqulwa ngokugaya noma ukusika ngaphambi kokulungiswa, futhi uma ukukhishwa sekugcwalisiwe, asikho isidingo sokuhlanganisa indawo ezolungiswa ngoba ukuminyana kwenzeka ngosizo lwamandla kagesi impahla eqhunyisiwe. ... I-VSV ibekwe ku-Magma Alficar chassis (ivolumu: 1 backfill = 180 l of emulsion + about 1,5 t of aggregate fraction 2/5, ibalwe ebusweni buka-5 cm ngalokhu kubuyiselwa emuva kungenzeka ukulungisa i-12 m² imigwaqo).

Impumuzo encane ekugcineni

Kubuza iNgisi kumaSlovak.

- Uvela kuluphi uhlangothi? Kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla?

- Phakathi kwemigodi yomngane ...