Ungalenzi kanjani iphutha ekukhetheni uwoyela we-synthetic motor

Entwasahlobo, lapho ngokwesiko abanikazi bezimoto abaningi benza ukunakekelwa kwenjini kanye nesistimu yayo yokugcoba ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhetha okulungile kwamafutha enjini kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kamuva kungalimazi futhi kuhawukele injini eyonakele.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani indlela enekhono ekukhetheni i-lubricant yemoto "ye-liquid", kunengqondo ukuphendukela kumaphuzu athile obuchwepheshe mayelana nokusebenza kwawo, kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Qaphela ukuthi namuhla, ekukhiqizeni amafutha ezimoto zanamuhla, kusetshenziswe izithako eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke (ngokwezibalo) ifanekiselwa ngokulinganayo izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko - izithasiselo ezikhethekile namafutha ayisisekelo.

Ngokuqondene nowoyela oyisisekelo, isikhungo esikhulu socwaningo samazwe ngamazwe njenge-American Petroleum Institute (API) njengamanje siwahlukanisa abe ngamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu. Amabili okuqala anikezwa amafutha amaminerali, isigaba sesithathu sihlanganisa okuthiwa amafutha e-hydrocracking, iqembu lesine lihlanganisa amafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele usebenzisa isisekelo se-PAO (polyalphaolefin), kanti okwesihlanu yikho konke okungenakuhlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nezimpawu zesici se-pao. amaqembu amane okuqala.

Ikakhulukazi, iqembu lesihlanu namuhla lihlanganisa izingxenye zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-esters noma i-polyglycols. Abanaso isithakazelo esincane kithi, ngakho-ke ake sihlole kafushane izici "zesisekelo" ngasinye esiphawulwe emaqenjini 1-4.

Amafutha wezimoto zamaminerali

Amafutha amaminerali aya ngokuya encipha ukuthandwa njengoba izakhiwo zawo zingasaneli ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphezulu zezinjini zesimanje zezimoto zabagibeli. Njengamanje, asetshenziswa emishinini yezizukulwane ezedlule. Imikhumbi yezimoto ezinjalo emakethe yaseRussia isaphawuleka kakhulu, ngakho-ke "amanzi amaminerali" asasetshenziswa nathi, nakuba ayisathandwa njengokuthi, eminyakeni eyishumi noma eyishumi nanhlanu edlule.

Amafutha e-Hydrocracking

Ngokusho kochwepheshe bemakethe, ukusebenza kwekhwalithi kawoyela we-hydrocracked kungaphansi kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi isizukulwane sakamuva se-"hydrocracking", esekelwe ku-HC-synthesis (Hydro Craking Synthese Technology), cishe asikho ngaphansi kwalawo amafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqembu le-hydrocracking lihlanganisa ngempumelelo izakhiwo zabathengi ezibalulekile njengokutholakala, intengo nokusebenza kahle.

Kuyafaneleka ukwengeza kulokhu okungenhla ukuthi amafutha amaningi enjini yesimanje akhiqizwa esimweni se-OEM (okungukuthi, okuhloselwe ukugcwaliswa okuyinhloko kulayini wokuhlanganisa wemoto we-automaker ethile) enziwa kusetshenziswa isisekelo esenziwe nge-HC. Okuyinto, ngenxa yalokho, esanda kuholela ekwandeni kwesidingo kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani alesi sigaba samafutha ayisisekelo.

Amafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele

Igama elithi "amafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele" ekuqaleni lalisetshenziswa abakhiqizi ukubhekisela ekuhlukeni kwesimanje kakhulu ekubunjweni kwamafutha. Selokhu yaqalwa, imakethe yezithambisi zezimoto eziwuketshezi isihlukaniseke izigaba ezimbili ezinemibandela: “amanzi amaminerali” namafutha okwenziwa ngokuphelele (okwenziwa ngokuphelele). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi simo savusa izingxabano eziningi nezinengqondo mayelana nokusebenziseka okufanele kwebinzana elithi “ukwenziwa ngokuphelele” ngokwalo.

Ngendlela, kuzoqashelwa ngokomthetho kuphela eJalimane, bese kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi isisekelo se-polyalphaolefin (PAO) kuphela esisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha emoto, ngaphandle kwezithasiselo zamanye amafutha ayisisekelo avela emaqenjini anenombolo 1, 2 noma 3.

Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke kwesisekelo se-PAO, kuhlanganiswe nezindleko zayo eziphakeme, kuphenduke indlela ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwe-serial komkhiqizo wekhwalithi. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni okwamanje abakhiqizi abasasebenzisi isisekelo se-PAO ngendlela ehlanzekile - cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezingxenye ezishibhile zesisekelo ezivela eqenjini le-hydrocracking.

Ngakho, bazama ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zabakhiqizi bezimoto. Kodwa, siphinda futhi, emazweni amaningi (isibonelo, eJalimane), inguqulo enjalo yamafutha "exubekile" ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-synthetic ngokugcwele", ngoba le nkulumo ingadukisa umthengi.

Noma kunjalo, izinkampani zaseJalimane ngazinye zivumela "inkululeko yezobuchwepheshe" ethile ekukhiqizeni uwoyela wazo, zidlulisa "i-hydrocracking" engabizi njengokwenziwa ngokuphelele. Ngendlela, izinqumo ezinzima zeNkantolo Yombuso YaseJalimane sezivele zenziwe ngokumelene nenani lamafemu anjalo. Le nkantolo ephakeme kakhulu yeFederal Republic of Germany yakwenza kwacaca ukuthi uwoyela onezithasiselo zesizinda esenziwe nge-HC awukwazi nangayiphi indlela ukubizwa ngokuthi "okwenziwa ngokuphelele".

Ngamanye amazwi, i-100% kuphela amafutha e-PAO-based injini angabhekwa "enziwe ngokugcwele" phakathi kwamaJalimane, okuyinto, ikakhulukazi, afaka umugqa womkhiqizo we-Synthoil ovela enkampanini eyaziwa kakhulu i-Liqui Moly. Amafutha ayo anegama elithi Volsynthetisches Leichtlauf Motoroil elihambisana nekilasi labo. Ngendlela, le mikhiqizo iyatholakala nasemakethe yethu.

Izincomo ezimfushane

Yiziphi iziphetho ezingafinyelelwa ekubuyekezweni kwe-AvtoVzglyad portal? Zilula - umnikazi wemoto yesimanje (futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe - imoto yesimanje angaphandle), lapho ekhetha uwoyela injini, ngokucacile akufanele iqondiswe kuphela "bendlu" amagama abekwe omunye noma omunye umbono "ogunyaziwe".

Isinqumo kufanele senziwe, okokuqala, ngesisekelo sezincomo ezibekwe emiyalweni yokusebenza kwemoto. Futhi lapho uthenga, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda mayelana nokwakheka komkhiqizo ohlose ukuwuthenga. Kuphela ngale ndlela, wena, njengomthengi, uzophepha ngokuphelele.