Ukala kanjani itorque (torque) yemoto yakho

I-torque ilingana namandla amahhashi futhi iyahlukahluka kuye ngemoto nezici zayo. Usayizi wesondo kanye nesilinganiso segiya kuthinta i-torque.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthenga imoto entsha noma wakha i-hot rod egalaji lakho, izici ezimbili ezisebenzayo uma kunqunywa ukusebenza kwenjini: amandla ehhashi netorque. Uma ufana nomakhenikha abaningi abazenzela wena noma abathanda izimoto, cishe unokuqonda kahle ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla amahhashi kanye netorque, kodwa ungase ukuthole kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi lezo zinombolo "zephawundi" zifinyelelwa kanjani. Ukholwa noma ungakholwa, empeleni akunzima kangako.

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe, ake sihlukanise amaqiniso alula nezincazelo ukuze sikusize uqonde ukuthi kungani kokubili amandla ehhashi netorque kuyizici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele. Kufanele siqale ngokuchaza izici ezintathu zesilinganiso sokusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi: isivinini, itorque, namandla.

Ingxenye 1 kwezi-4: Ukuqonda Ukuthi Isivinini Senjini, Ithoshi, namandla Kukuthinta Kanjani Ukusebenza Sekukonke

Esihlokweni sakamuva kumagazini i-Hot Rod, enye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu zokusebenza kwenjini yagcina ixazululiwe ngokubuyela ezisekelweni zokuthi amandla abaluleke kangakanani. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ama-dynamometers (ama-dynamometers enjini) aklanyelwe ukukala amandla enjini.

Eqinisweni, ama-dynamometers awalingani amandla, kodwa i-torque. Lesi sibalo se-torque siphindaphindwa nge-RPM lapho ikalwa khona bese ihlukaniswa ngo-5,252 ukuze uthole isibalo samandla.

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, ama-dynamometers asetshenziswa ukukala i-torque yenjini kanye ne-RPM avele awakwazanga ukuphatha amandla aphezulu akhiqizwe yilezi zinjini. Eqinisweni, isilinda esisodwa kuleyo Hemis eyi-cubic inch nitro-burning Hemis ikhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu angu-500 wokuphonswa ngepayipi elilodwa lokukhipha umoya.

Zonke izinjini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi noma ezikagesi, zisebenza ngesivinini esihlukile. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lapho injini iqeda ngokushesha ukushaywa kwayo kwamandla noma umjikelezo, yilapho ikhiqiza amandla engeziwe. Uma kukhulunywa ngenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kunezinto ezintathu ezithinta ukusebenza kwayo kukonke: isivinini, itorque, namandla.

Isivinini sinqunywa ukuthi injini yenza umsebenzi wayo ngokushesha kangakanani. Uma sisebenzisa isivinini semoto enombolweni noma kuyunithi, sikala isivinini semoto ngama-revolution ngomzuzu noma i-RPM. "Umsebenzi" injini ewenzayo amandla asetshenziswa ebangeni elilinganisekayo. I-torque ichazwa njengohlobo olukhethekile lomsebenzi okhiqiza ukujikeleza. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amandla asetshenziswa kurediyasi (noma, enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi, i-flywheel) futhi ngokuvamile ikalwa ngamaphawundi onyawo.

Amandla ehhashi ijubane okwenziwa ngalo umsebenzi. Ezinsukwini zakudala, uma izinto zidinga ukuhanjiswa, abantu babevame ukusebenzisa ihhashi ukwenza lokhu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ihhashi elilodwa lingahamba ngamamitha angaba ngu-33,000 1 ngomzuzu. Yilapho igama elithi "horsepower" livela khona. Ngokungafani nesivinini kanye ne-torque, amandla amahhashi angalinganiswa ngamayunithi amaningana, okuhlanganisa: 746 hp = 1 W, 2,545 hp = 1 BTU kanye ne-1,055 hp = XNUMX joules.

Lezi zakhi ezintathu zisebenza ndawonye ukukhiqiza amandla enjini. Njengoba i-torque ihlala njalo, isivinini namandla ahlala elingana. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ijubane lenjini landa, amandla nawo ayakhula ukugcina i-torque ingashintshi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi badidekile ngokuthi i-torque namandla kuthinta kanjani ijubane lenjini. Kalula nje, njengoba i-torque namandla enyuka, kanjalo nesivinini senjini siyakhula. I-reverse nayo iyiqiniso: njengoba i-torque namandla ehla, kanjalo nesivinini senjini.

Ingxenye 2 kwezi-4: Indlela Izinjini Eziklanyelwe Ngayo I-Torque Ephezulu

Injini yesimanje yangaphakathi evuthayo ingashintshwa ukuze ikhulise amandla noma i-torque ngokushintsha usayizi noma ubude benduku yokuxhuma futhi ikhulise ibhore noma isilinda. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso se-bore to stroke.

I-torque ikalwa ngamamitha we-Newton. Kalula nje, lokhu kusho ukuthi itorque ilinganiswa ngokunyakaza okuyindilinga okungu-360 degree. Isibonelo sethu sisebenzisa izinjini ezimbili ezifanayo ezinobubanzi obufanayo be-bore (noma ububanzi besilinda esivuthayo). Nokho, enye yezinjini ezimbili ine "stroke" ende (noma ukujula kwesilinda okudalwe yinduku ende yokuxhuma). Injini ende ye-stroke inokunyakaza okuqondile njengoba izungeza egumbini elivuthayo futhi inamandla amaningi okufeza umsebenzi ofanayo.

Itorque ikalwa ngamaphawundi-izinyawo, noma ukuthi "torque" engakanani esetshenziswayo ukuqedela umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, zicabange uzama ukukhulula ibhawodi eligqwalile. Ake sithi unezikhala ezimbili zamapayipi ezihlukene, enye ingamafidi angu-2 ubude nenye iyifidi elingu-1 ubude. Uma ucabanga ukuthi usebenzisa inani elifanayo lamandla (ukucindezela kwama-lb angu-50 kulesi simo), empeleni usebenzisa i-torque engu-100 ft-lbs yesikrufu esiyizinyawo ezimbili (50 x 2) kanye nama-lbs angu-50 kuphela. i-torque (1 x 50) ngesikrufu somlenze owodwa. Isiphi isikrufu esizokusiza ukuthi ukhulule ibhawudi kalula? Impendulo ilula - lena enetorque eyengeziwe.

Onjiniyela bakha injini enikeza isilinganiso esiphezulu se-torque-to-horsepower ezimotweni ezidinga "amandla" engeziwe ukuze zisheshise noma zikhuphuke. Ngokuvamile ubona izibalo ze-torque eziphakeme zezimoto ezinzima ezisetshenziselwa ukudonsa noma izinjini ezisebenza kahle lapho ukusheshisa kubaluleke khona (njengakusibonelo se-NHRA Top Fuel Engine ngenhla).

Yingakho abakhiqizi bezimoto bevame ukugqamisa amandla ezinjini ze-torque ephezulu ezikhangisweni zamaloli. I-torque yenjini nayo inganyuswa ngokushintsha isikhathi sokubasa, ukulungisa ingxube kaphethiloli/yomoya, ngisho nokukhulisa itorque ephumayo ezimeni ezithile.

Ingxenye 3 kokungu-4: Ukuqonda Okunye Okuguquguqukayo Okuthinta Itorque Elinganiselwe Semoto Selonke

Uma kukhulunywa ngokulinganisa i-torque, kunezinto ezintathu ezihlukile okufanele zicatshangelwe enjinini yangaphakathi yomlilo:

Phoqa Ukukhiqizwa Ku-Specific RPM: Lawa amandla enjini aphezulu akhiqizwa nge-RPM ethile. Njengoba injini ishesha, kune-RPM noma ijika lamandla amahhashi. Njengoba ijubane lenjini likhuphuka, namandla ayanda aze afinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu.

Ibanga: Lona ubude be-stroke yenduku yokuxhuma: uma i-stroke isikhathi eside, i-torque eyengeziwe ikhiqizwa, njengoba sichazile ngenhla.

I-Torque Constant: Lena inombolo yezibalo eyabelwe wonke amamotho, 5252 noma i-RPM engashintshi lapho amandla netorque kulinganisana. Inombolo 5252 ithathwe ekubonweni kokuthi amandla ehhashi elilodwa lilingana namaphawundi angu-150 ahamba ngamafidi angu-220 ngomzuzu owodwa. Ukuze aveze lokhu ngamakhilogremu onyawo we-torque, uJames Watt wethula ifomula yezibalo eyasungula injini yokuqala yesitimu.

Ifomula ibukeka kanje:

Uma sicabanga ukuthi amandla angamaphawundi angu-150 asetshenziswa kunyawo olulodwa lwerediyasi (noma umbuthano ongaphakathi kwesilinda senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, isibonelo), kuzodingeka uguqule lokhu kube amaphawundi onyawo wetorque.

I-220 fpm idinga ukudluliselwa ku-RPM. Ukwenza lokhu, phindaphinda izinombolo ezimbili ze-pi (noma 3.141593), okulingana namafidi angu-6.283186. Thatha amafidi angama-220 futhi uhlukanise ngo-6.28 futhi sithola u-35.014 rpm ngokuphenduka ngakunye.

Thatha amafidi angu-150 futhi uphindaphinde ngo-35.014 bese uthola u-5252.1, okungaguquki kwethu okubala ngamaphawundi onyawo wetorque.

Ingxenye 4 kwezi-4: Ibalwa kanjani itorque yemoto

Ifomula ye-torque ithi: i-torque = amandla enjini x 5252, ehlukaniswa yi-RPM.

Kodwa-ke, inkinga nge-torque ukuthi ikalwa ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene: ukusuka enjini kuya kumasondo okushayela. Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingakhuphula noma zehlise isilinganiso se-torque emasondweni zihlanganisa: usayizi we-flywheel, izilinganiso zokudlulisela, izilinganiso ze-axle yokushayela, kanye nesiyingi sesondo/isondo.

Ukuze ubale i-torque yesondo, zonke lezi zici kufanele zifakwe kwizibalo ezishiywe kahle ohlelweni lwekhompyutha olufakwe ebhentshini lokuhlola eliguquguqukayo. Kulolu hlobo lwemishini, imoto ibekwa endaweni yokubeka futhi amasondo okushayela abekwe eduze komugqa wamarola. Injini ixhunywe kwikhompyutha efunda isivinini senjini, ijika lokusebenzisa uphethiloli kanye nezilinganiso zegiya. Lezi zinombolo zibhekwa ngesivinini sesondo, ukusheshisa, kanye ne-RPM njengoba imoto ishayelwa ku-dyno isikhathi esifiswayo.

Ukubala i-torque yenjini kulula kakhulu ukunquma. Ngokulandela ifomula engenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi i-torque yenjini ilingana kanjani namandla enjini kanye ne-rpm, njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni sokuqala. Usebenzisa le fomula, ungakwazi ukunquma i-torque namandla wehhashi endaweni ngayinye kwijika le-RPM. Ukuze ubale i-torque, udinga ukuba nedatha yamandla enjini enikezwe umenzi wenjini.

i-torque wokubala

Abanye abantu basebenzisa isibali esiku-inthanethi esinikezwa i-MeasureSpeed.com, esidinga ukuthi ufake isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla enjini (esihlinzekwe umkhiqizi noma sigcwaliswe ngesikhathi se-dyno yochwepheshe) kanye ne-RPM oyifunayo.

Uma uqaphela ukuthi ukusebenza kwenjini yakho kunzima ukusheshisa futhi ingenawo amandla ocabanga ukuthi kufanele ibe nawo, cela omunye womakhenikha oqinisekisiwe we-AvtoTachki enze ukuhlola ukuze kutholwe umthombo wenkinga.