Umhloli wotshwala wenziwa kanjani futhi angakhohliswa?

Amaholide yisikhathi sonyaka lapho uphuza kakhulu utshwala. Futhi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu abashayeli abashayela bephuzile ngesibindi. Ngakho-ke, kunengozi yangempela yokuthi bazoboshwa ngamaphoyisa futhi bashushiswe ngokwephula umthetho. Ukuze benze lokhu, kufanele babekwe icala lokushayela ngemva kokuphuza, futhi lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngomhloli otholakala kumaphoyisa.

Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kwezenzakalo, into ebaluleke kakhulu akuyona ukushayela kulesi simo. Eqinisweni, kuhle ukuthi wonke umshayeli abe nomhloli wakhe, ongahlola ngawo okuqukethwe kotshwala egazini (BAC) egazini futhi, uma kudlula imingcele evumelekile, khetha enye indlela yokuthutha ngokufanele.

Ngabe umhloli usebenza kanjani?

Imishini yokuqala yokuhlola utshwala yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1940. Umgomo wabo uwukwenza ukuphila kube lula emaphoyiseni aseMelika, ngoba ukunaka igazi noma umchamo akukhululekile futhi akuhambisani nomthethosisekelo. Eminyakeni edlule, abahloli baye bathuthukiswa izikhathi eziningi, futhi manje banquma i-BAC ngokulinganisa inani le-ethanol emoyeni okhishwa umoya.

I-Ethanol uqobo iyimolekyuli encibilikiswa ngamanzi etholwa kalula ngezicubu zesisu iye emithanjeni yegazi. Ngoba leli khemikhali alizinzile kakhulu, lapho igazi elicebe ngotshwala lidlula kuma-capillaries lingene ku-alveoli yamaphaphu, i-ethanol evuthayo ihlangana namanye amagesi. Futhi lapho umuntu eshaya kumhloli, ugongolo lwe-infrared ludlula kwisampula lomoya elihambisanayo. Kulokhu, amanye ama-molecule e-ethanol ayangena, futhi lolu cingo lubala ukuminyana kwama-milligram ayi-100 e-ethanol emoyeni. Kusetshenziswa into yokuguqula, le divayisi iguqula inani le-ethanol liye kumthamo ofanayo wegazi futhi ngaleyo ndlela linikeze umphumela kumhloli.

Yilo mphumela ovele uthathe isinqumo, ngoba kwamanye amazwe ubufakazi bezinga lokudakwa ngokweqile komshayeli abafanele buyahlonishwa yinkantolo. Izinga eliphakeme elivunyelwe lotshwala egazini liyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe. Inkinga nokho ukuthi abahloli botshwala abasetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa abanembile. Izifundo eziningi zaselebhu zikhombisa ukuthi zingaba nokungajwayelekile okungathi sína. Lokhu kungayisiza le ndaba, kepha futhi kungamlimaza kakhulu, ngoba umphumela awukho ngokoqobo.

Uma umuntu ephuza imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokwenza isivivinyo, ukugcinwa kotshwala emlonyeni kuzoholela ekwandeni kwe-BAC. Inzuzo eyengeziwe iyabonakala nakubantu abanesifo se-reflux esiswini se-gastroesophageal, njengoba utshwala obunamandla phakathi esiswini obungakangeni egazini bungadala ukuboshwa. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabo banenkinga ngoba banamazinga aphezulu e-acetone egazini labo, ama-aerosols angadidaniswa ne-ethanol.

Ngabe umhloli angakhohliswa?

Yize kunobufakazi bamaphutha abahloli, amaphoyisa ayaqhubeka nokuthembela kuwo. Yingakho abantu befuna izindlela zokubaqamba amanga. Esikhathini esingaphezu kwekhulu lokusetshenziswa, kuphakanyiswe izindlela eziningana, ezinye zazo ezihlekisayo ngokuphelele.

Enye iwukukhotha noma ukumunca uhlamvu lwemali yethusi, okufanele "lumise" utshwala emlonyeni wakho futhi ngenxa yalokho wehlise i-BAC yakho. Nokho, ekugcineni umoya ungena emshinini usuka emaphashini, hhayi emlonyeni. Ngakho-ke, ukugcwala kotshwala emlonyeni akuphazamisi umphumela. Ingasaphathwa, noma ngabe le ndlela isebenza, ngeke kusaba khona izinhlamvu zemali ezinokuqukethwe kwethusi okwanele.

Ukulandela lo mbono odukile, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla ukudla okubabayo noma i-mint (mouth freshener) kuzofihla utshwala egazini. Ngeshwa, lokho akusizi nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi okuxakayo ukuthi ukuzisebenzisa kungakhuphula namazinga egazi le-BAC ngoba imisindo eminingi yomlomo iqukethe utshwala.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi kuyasiza futhi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunjalo neze futhi kungalimaza kuphela. Lapho kukhanyiswa ugwayi, ushukela ofakwa kugwayi wakha i-acetaldehyde yamakhemikhali. Uma usemaphashini, kuzokwengeza kuphela imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Nokho, zikhona izindlela zokukhohlisa umhloli. Phakathi kwazo i-hyperventilation - ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokujulile. Ukuhlola okuningi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi le ndlela inganciphisa izinga lotshwala egazini kuze kube seqophelweni lapho kungajeziswa khona. Impumelelo kuleli cala ingenxa yokuthi i-hyperventilation isula amaphaphu omoya osele kangcono kunokuphefumula okuvamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokuvuselela umoya liyakhuphuka, okushiya isikhathi esincane sokungena kotshwala.

Ukuze isenzo esinjalo siphumelele, kudingeka kwenziwe izinto eziningana. Ngemuva kokuphefumula okunamandla, thatha umoya ojulile ungene emaphashini, bese ukhipha ngamandla futhi wehlise ivolumu ngokucijile. Misa ukunikezwa komoya ngokushesha nje lapho uzwa isignali evela kudivayisi. Njalo qaphela ukuthi ungaphelelwa umoya ngokushesha.

Bonke abahloli badinga ukuthi ukhiphe ngokuqhubekayo imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokwenza isivivinyo. Umshini udinga umoya oyinsalela osuka emaphashini, futhi uphuma kuphela lapho ukhipha. Uma ukugeleza komoya kushintsha ngokushesha, idivayisi izophendula ngokushesha lapho ifundwa, icabanga ukuthi uphelelwa umoya emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungadida umhloli ukuthi wenza konke kahle, kepha noma leli qhinga aliqinisekisi impumelelo ephelele. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi inganciphisa ukufundwa nge-ppm ubuncane, i.e. angakusindisa kuphela uma usengcupheni yesilinganiso sotshwala esamukelekayo egazini.

Akufanele ushayele uphuzile

Ukuphela kwendlela eqinisekile yokubalekela i-DUI ukuthi ungaphuzi ngaphambi kokushayela. Ngisho noma ikhona indlela umhloli angakhohliswa ngayo, lokhu ngeke kusisindise ekuphazamisekeni nasekubambezelekeni kokusabela okwenzeka ngemva kokuphuza utshwala. Futhi lokhu kukwenza ube yingozi emgwaqeni - kuwena nakwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo.