Ungazifunda kanjani izimpawu emafutheni? I-NS. KANYE

Sizothola emakethe izinhlobo eziningi zamafuthayakhelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinjini. Izimpawu ezisephakejini azikwenzi kube lula ukukhetha, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukufunda ukuthi zifundwa kanjani. Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga uwoyela? Nhloboni Amapharamitha hlola imoto yakho?

Uzofundani kulokhu okuthunyelwe?

• Ungawafunda kanjani amalebula kumaphakheji kawoyela?
• Iyini i-ACEA futhi iyini i-API?
• Liyini ibanga le-viscosity lamafutha?

Ngikhuluma nje

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafutha ezimoto emakethe. Zihlukile komunye nomunye Intengo, ikhwalithi i imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe... Uma ukhetha uwoyela ofanele, cabanga ngohlobo lwemoto, uhlobo lukaphethiloli osetshenziswa emotweni, Izimo zomoyakanye nesitayela sokushayela somshayeli. Ukuze ugweme izinguquko ezingazelelwe eziyingozi enjinini, umenzi wemoto ngamunye ubhala ebhukwini lesevisi isigaba sekhwalithi kawoyela esinconyelwe uhlobo lwemoto ethile, okuyindinganiso yomkhiqizi noma indinganiso ngokuvumelana I-ACEAnoma API... Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuze ukhethe amafutha afanele, kwanele ukufunda ngokucophelela ukulebula emaphaketheni. Ngakho uzifunda kanjani?

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity yamafutha

Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yezinto zokugcoba i-viscosity gradeenquma izinga lokushisa amafutha angasetshenziswa. Inquma izinga amafutha avikela ngalo izingxenye zokukhwelana. iyunithi yamandla kusukela ekugugeni. I-viscosity yamafutha enjini inqunywa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity. SAE, ithuthukiswe yi-American Society of Automotive Engineers. Amafutha abhekene nokuhlolwa okuningi, imiphumela enquma izindawo zokugcoba zamafutha emazingeni okushisa aphansi naphezulu. Kugqanyiswe ibanga le-viscosity le-SAE izigaba eziyisithupha zamafutha ihlobo kanye namakilasi ayisithupha amafutha asebusika. Imvamisa, sisebenzelana namafutha enjini esizini yonke, achazwa ngamanani amabili ahlukaniswe udwi, isibonelo, "5W-40".

Izinombolo ezingaphambi kuka-“W” (W: Winter = Zima) zikhombisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokumanzi. Lapho inombolo iphansi, izinga lokushisa elivumelekile le-ambient liyancipha lapho uwoyela ungasetshenziswa khona. Amafutha amakwe iwaranti engu-0W, 5W 10W kulula ukulanda injini kanye nokunikezwa okusheshayo kokugcoba kuwo wonke amaphuzu enjini, ngisho namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.

Izinombolo ezingemva kuka-“-” zibonisa i-viscosity emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Uma isibalo siphezulu, izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphakeme kakhulu, lapho uwoyela ungalahlekelwa yizinto zawo zokugcoba. Izilinganiso zikawoyela 40, 50 kanye 60 zinikeza injini yokugcoba okufanele emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu.

Njengamanje, wonke amafutha esizini (5W, 10W, 15W noma 20, 30, 40, 50) ashintshiwe ngamafutha amaningi (5W-40, 10W-40, 15W-40), ajwayelane nezidingo eziphakeme zabashayeli banamuhla. Amafutha e-Multigrade afaneleka kokubili izinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi. Ukusebenzisa amafutha afanele akuvikeli injini kuphela kodwa kuyayandisa ukushayela induduzo futhi ivumela ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Iyini i-ACEA futhi iyini i-API?

Omunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha i-lubricant efanele: ukuhlukaniswa kwekhwalithi... Inquma izici zamafutha kanye nokufaneleka kwawo ohlotsheni oluthile lwenjini. ... Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlukaniswa:

• I-European I-ACEA, ithuthukiswe yi-European Engine Manufacturers Association, kanye
• American I-API American Petroleum Institute

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kudalwe ngenxa yomehluko ekuklanyweni kwenjini phakathi kwe-European and US eyenziwe.

Zombili izigaba zihlukanisa uwoyela ngamaqembu amabili: amafutha ezinjini zikaphethiloli namafutha ezinjini zikadizili. Zombili izigaba zivame ukuboniswa emaphaketheni amafutha.

Ngokwesigaba se-API, amafutha enjini ahlukaniswe abe amakwe ngophawu:

• S (yezinjini zikaphethiloli) kanye
• C (ozosetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili).

Isigaba sekhwalithi chaza izinhlamvu ezilandelanayo zezinhlamvu ezibhalwe ngemva kophawu S noma C. Iqembu lamafutha ezinjini zokuthungela izinhlansi lihlanganisa izimpawu SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SI, SJ, SL, SM, SN. Izinjini zokuthungela ngokucindezela zisebenzisa amafutha aqokwe i-CA, CB, CC, CD, CE kanye ne-CF, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 kanye ne-CJ-4.

Lapho uhlamvu lwezinhlamvu luqhubeka engxenyeni yesibili yekhodi, izinga likawoyela liyakhuphuka.

Amafutha esimanje kuphela asezingeni eliphezulu afakiwe kusigaba se-ACEA. Uyagqama amaqembu amane amafutha:

• ngoba izinjini zikaphethiloli (kumakwe ngohlamvu A),
• izimoto nge ukuzithungela (kumakwe ngohlamvu B)
• amafutha"i-SAPS ephansi"Okwezimoto (ezibhalwe ngohlamvu C)
• kanye nokusetshenziswa ku izinjini zikadizili amaloli (amakwe ngohlamvu E)

Amafutha eBanga A angaba yibanga A1, A2, A3 noma A5. Ngokufanayo, ikhwalithi yamafutha ekilasi B iqokwe njenge-B1, B2, B3, B4 noma B5 (isibonelo, i-ACEA A3 / B4 imele ikhwalithi ephezulu kawoyela nomnotho wenjini, kanti i-A5 / B5 imele izinga eliphezulu likawoyela nophethiloli. umnotho).

Okubalulekile: uma iphakheji ithi ACEA A ../ B .., lokhu kusho ukuthi uwoyela ungasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili.

Ngokungeziwe ekuhlukaniseni i-API ne-ACEA, ziphinde zivele emaphaketheni e-lubricant. amalebula ahlinzekwa abakhiqizi izimoto. Nakekela imoto yakho nge-avtotachki.com.

Futhi hlola:

I-viscosity yamafutha enjini ibanga - yini enqumayo nendlela yokufunda ukumaka?

Ungakhetha kanjani uwoyela wenjini ngezinyathelo ezi-3?

Ayini uwoyela wenjini engu-1.9 tdi?

umthombo wesithombe: ,, avtotachki.com.