Zenziwe ngani izithululi zezinzipho?

Enye yezidingo eziyinhloko zezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwama-nail pullers amandla abo nokuqina. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithuluzi liba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu lapho lifika endaweni phezu kwekhanda lesipikili, futhi lidinga nokuba namandla okuphusha isipikili ngaphandle.Ngokuvamile izikhonkwane zokudonsa zenziwe nge-ductile iron, insimbi noma i-alloy yensimbi. Lawa wonke ama-alloys ensimbi nekhabhoni nezinto ezaziwa ngamandla azo.Izingxenye zokudonsa izinzipho kufanele zidwetshwe, zifakwe i-lacquer, zimbozwe, noma ziphathwe ukuze kuvinjwe ukuguga nokugqwala kwethuluzi, njengoba insimbi nensimbi kulula ukugqwala.

Phenya imihlathi

Imihlathi ijwayele ukwenziwa ngensimbi ekhandiwe noma ngensimbi. I-ayoni ivamise ukuba namandla kunensimbi, kodwa iba brittle kakhudlwana. . Endabeni yomshini wokudonsa izinzipho, lokhu kusiza ukulola imihlathi ukuze ikwazi ukuluma okhunini futhi isuse izinzipho ngokuphumelelayo.Uzothola ukuthi, njengomthetho, izipontshi ziphathwa ukushisa ukuze ziqhubeke nokuqinisa izinto. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kunikeza izipontshi amandla eziwadingayo ukuze zingene okhunini namandla eziwadingayo ukuze zibambe ukushuba.

iphoyinti le-pivot

I-pivot noma i-fulcrum iyingxenye yomunye wemihlathi, ngakho-ke izokwenziwa ngezinto ezifanayo njengemihlathi, ngokuvamile insimbi noma insimbi.

isibambo esishelelayo

Uma umdonsi wezinzipho unesibambo esinyakazayo noma esishelelayo, usebenza njengesando esakhelwe ngaphakathi, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisando esibalulekile noma i-rammer. Isibambo ngokuvamile senziwe ngensimbi noma i-ductile iron, eqinile futhi eqinile.

indawo yomthelela

Abadonsi bezinzipho abangenazibambo banesiphelo esiyisicaba esiqinile. Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngensimbi eqinile ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokushaywa kwesando futhi ngokuvamile zibe nokwelashwa kokuqeda ukugqwala.Le ndawo yomthelela izoba nezicucu ezimbili ezingasetshenziswa ngesando. Zizoba yizikhonkwane engxenyeni yesikwele, noma zibe izikhonkwane zensimbi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ductile iron nensimbi?

I-cast iron nensimbi ama-alloys ensimbi, okuyinsimbi exutshwe nekhabhoni futhi ngokunokwenzeka nezinye izinto ezifana nesibabule noma i-manganese. Umehluko omkhulu wamakhemikhali ukuthi insimbi ethambile izoqukatha cishe u-2.0-2.9% wekhabhoni, kuyilapho izinsimbi zizoba nekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-2.1%. Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, kunamandla okubonakalayo, kodwa futhi kuhlakazeka kakhulu.Kokubili insimbi nensimbi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa amathuluzi ezandla. Kuye ngokusetshenziswa kanye nekhwalithi yethuluzi, amamaki ahlukene alawa ma-alloys azosetshenziswa. Amathuluzi asebenzisa ama-alloys ebanga eliphezulu avame ukubiza kakhulu. Kokubili kunezinzuzo kanye nokubi, ngakho-ke okungcono kuzoncika ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kanye nesabelomali somsebenzisi.

insimbi ethambile

Inamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuqina, futhi ine-ductility ethile, ngakho-ke ingabunjwa kalula ngaphandle kokuphuka. Lokhu kuyinikeza ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kunezinye izinhlobo zensimbi futhi kusho ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa esikhundleni se-carbon steel.

Insimbi enezimbotshana inomkhawulo kusayizi wengxenye engayikhiqiza, ngakho ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulingisa okuncane okudingeka ukuba kuqine kodwa kube nokuguquguquka okuthile, njengamathuluzi ezandla, izixhumo zikagesi, nezingxenye zomshini. Uzothola ukuthi izibambo zabanye abadonsa izinzipho zenziwe ngensimbi ethambile, njengoba lezi ziyizingcezu ezincanyana ezidinga ukuqina futhi zibe nokuguquguquka kancane lapho imihlathi ishaya ukhuni.I-Ductile iron inezici zokuphonsa ezingcono kunensimbi ekhonjiwe, ngakho-ke ungathola ukuthi isibambo singase sibe insimbi ephonswe kodwa imihlathi ingase ibe insimbi ebunjiwe. Izingxenye zokufoja zinikeza ukunemba okukhulu kunokusakaza.Inqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi ethambile iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho ukukhiqiza kubiza kakhulu kunokukhiqizwa kwensimbi evamile empunga noma insimbi ekhonjiwe.

Insimbi

Namuhla, insimbi ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esithandwa kakhulu samathuluzi, nakuba uzothola umehluko ezinhlotsheni zensimbi ezisetshenziswayo. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye zokudonsa izinzipho zenziwe nge-alloy noma insimbi eqinile ngoba ziqinile, ziqinile, futhi zisebenza ngezindlela eziningi.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi eyi-ductile, insimbi ekhonjiwe inokumelana nokuguga okuncane kanye ne-ductility futhi ayikwazi ukulolongwa ngokunembile njenge-ductile iron ngenqubo yokuphonsa. - ukubumba kuye kwabiza kakhulu kunokuliphonsa.

insimbi ye-alloy

Insimbi ye-alloy isho insimbi equkethe ikhabhoni nezinye izakhi ngamanani ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuzoshintsha izici zayo zemishini, lolu shintsho luzolawulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi luyilungele injongo yalo ethile.

Kuzinzipho, ingxubevange kufanele ibe namandla futhi iqine futhi iguquguquke kancane ukuze ikwazi ukumelana namandla okushaywa kokhuni.

Njengoba ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi kungalawulwa futhi kulungiswe ngezinhloso ezahlukene, kunikeza ukuhlukahluka okukhulu nokuguquguquka kwemiklamo ehlukene. Izingxenye ezincane nezinkulu ezinesisindo esingafika kumakhulu amathani zingaphonswa ngensimbi.

Insimbi eqinile

Insimbi eqinile ngokuvamile isho insimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu noma ephakathi eqiniswe ngokukhethekile. Uma iphezulu i-carbon content yensimbi, iba lukhuni futhi iqine, nokho, lokhu kunciphisa amandla ayo okukhubazeka kalula futhi kuyenze ibe brittle. Imihlathi yezinzipho ngokuvamile yenziwa ngensimbi eqinile, ngakho iqine ngokwanele ukugawula ukhuni.

Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuqiniswe insimbi, ingaphathwa ngokushisa, inqubo lapho ishiswa khona ezingeni elithile lokushisa bese ipholiswa ngokushesha ngamanzi, uwoyela, noma igesi engasebenzi. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuthulisa nokuthulisa.

Yikuphi okungcono?

Ikhwalithi yezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene nezinsimbi eziphonsiwe kunzima ukuzihlola kalula - izinsimbi ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene zitholakala kuma-alloys ahlukene. Inkomba enhle yekhwalithi yensimbi ngokuvamile idumela lomkhiqizo olenzile kanye nenani lethuluzi.

I-ayoni ingakhandwa ibe yizimo ezincane futhi ngenxa yalokho ezinembe kakhudlwana, iqine kakhulu kodwa ingaba brittle, futhi ngokuvamile ibiza kancane kunezinsimbi zamathuluzi ezivamile. Insimbi esebenzile kungenzeka ingabizi futhi icishe iqine njengensimbi, kodwa ngeke ikhiqize izingxenye ezinhle njengensimbi. Izinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe neziqinile zizothola amandla amaningi kunezinsimbi ezijwayelekile, zizenze zibe namandla kunensimbi, kodwa zizoba brittle futhi zibize kakhulu.