Amabha enziwe ngani?

Insimbi
	Insimbi iyingxubevange yensimbi, ikhabhoni nezinye izakhi ezivame ukungabizi futhi ezitholakala kabanzi. Izinduku eziningi zenziwe ngensimbi, ezingasebenza ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene.
Insimbi yeCarbon
	I-Carbon steel iyinsimbi lapho ingxenye eyinhloko ye-alloying kuyi-carbon. Iqinile kunensimbi evamile kodwa i-ductile encane, okusho ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukubumba umumo oyifunayo futhi maningi amathuba okuba iphuke noma inqamuke kunokugoba.
	Insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi (0.30–0.59%), ebizwa nangokuthi "insimbi emnene", "insimbi yensimbi engenalutho" noma "insimbi yezinga eliphansi", ivamise ukutholakala ngentengo ethengekayo futhi inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, okuyenza ibe lula (lula). ukugoba) kodwa buthaka .
	Insimbi ye-carbon ephezulu (0.6–0.99%), ebizwa nangokuthi "insimbi yezinga eliphezulu," ingaphathwa ngokushisa ukuze inikeze amandla engeziwe. Landela amanani ezinye izakhi ku-high carbon steel alloy kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle futhi kuholele ku-brittleness emazingeni okushisa okusebenza. Ukulandelela amanani esulfure ayingozi kakhulu.
	I-Ultra-high carbon steel (1.0–2.0%) iqinile kakhulu uma ithukuthele futhi ingamelana namazinga aphezulu okuguga nokuhuzuka.
insimbi ye-alloy
	Insimbi ye-alloy ngokuvamile ibhekisela kunsimbi ye-alloy ephansi, insimbi ehlanganiswe nohlu olubanzi lwezakhi ngamanani amakhulu, ithuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini.
Insimbi ephezulu ye-alloy boron
	Lokhu kuyinsimbi eqiniswe ngokuxutshwa ne-boron. I-Boron iyinto eyongayo kodwa esebenza ngempumelelo enikeza ukumelana nokugqwala, ukugqwala kanye nokuhuzuka. Ukwengezwa kwe-boron nakho kuphumelela ekuqiniseni izinsimbi, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephansi ezingakwazi ukuphathwa ngokushisa. Nokho, ukuqina kwe-boron kungase kunciphise i-ductility; lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuluzi agugile maningi amathuba okuthi aphuke kunokugoba futhi awakwazi ukuhlengwa.
isiphethu sensimbi
	Insimbi ephansi ye-alloy ephansi enamandla okukhiqiza okuphezulu. Amandla esivuno esiphezulu asho ukuthi imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngale nsimbi iyakwazi ukubuyela esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni ngemva kokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo (ukusonteka noma ukugoba). Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lusetshenziswa kangcono ekubambeni nasezindongeni ze-pry eziklanyelwe ukunikeza ukuqina okuthile.
Insimbi eyenziwe
	Phakathi nenqubo yokubumba, insimbi ixhunywa phezu kwesando bese yehliswa isuka endaweni ephakeme ingena endaweni yokusebenza ukuze ikhubazeke ibe sesimweni sokufa (ithuluzi elisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubumba ukusika noma ukucindezela insimbi ibe yisimo oyifunayo). Insimbi efojiwe icishe ihlale isikhathi eside kunensimbi ewugqinsi noma eyenziwe ngomshini ngoba inqubo yokubumba iqondanisa ukwakheka okusanhlamvu nokuma kwethuluzi. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lusetshenziswa kangcono kumabha aklanyelwe amandla amakhulu, njengama-lever bars, ama-crowbars amakhulu, nama-gorilla.
I-Titan
	I-Titanium ayisindi futhi iqinile, okuyenza ibe yinsimbi edumile yamathuluzi ezandla. I-Titanium isetshenziswa kangcono ekubumbeni izinti kanye nezinduku zokunethezeka. Ngenxa yesisindo sawo esilula, amathuluzi e-titanium adumile ngisho naphakathi kwabatshuzi, nokho anenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamathegi futhi ane-ductile kakhulu, okuwenza angapheli isikhathi eside. I-titanium yezohwebo inamandla aqinile wensimbi yezinga eliphansi, kodwa inesisindo esingaphansi ngo-45% ngephawundi.
aluminium
	I-Aluminium iyinsimbi eshibhile, engasindi, ukuminyana kanye nokuqina kwayo okungaphansi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunensimbi evamile. Ngaphandle kwalokho okumbalwa, i-aluminiyamu ithambile kakhulu ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ezintini ezidinga amandla aqine kakhulu. Okuhlukile kungase kube isimo lapho induku engeyona i-magnetic idingeka kakhulu.
Izinqubo zokukhiqiza
	ukuthukuthela I-Tempering iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ingxubevange. Ngenxa yokuthi izindlela eziningi zokuqinisa ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni amathuluzi zingenza ingxubevange ibe brittle, i-tempering isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukudumba. Amathuluzi aklanyelwe ukukhulisa amandla, njengezinduku zokumba, ayaqina emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kuyilapho amathuluzi aklanyelwe ukugcina "intwasahlobo" ethile, njengezinduku zesandla, aqina emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
	Uma ulaka, izinsimbi ze-alloy zishiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi zipholile, okuvumela izakhi ze-alloying zangaphakathi ukuthi zisabele ngaphakathi kwensimbi - lokhu kudala "izigaba ze-intermetallic" ezaziwa ngokuthi "ama-precipitates" akhulisa ukubola kwe-alloy.
	ukuqina Lapho iqina, insimbi ishiselwa ekushiseni okujwayelekile (760+°C) futhi icime emanzini, emafutheni noma emoyeni obandayo.
	Uma insimbi yengxubevange ishisiswe ngaphezu kuka-760°C, ama-athomu ekhabhoni athuthela endaweni emaphakathi esakhiweni se-athomu sensimbi. Lapho ingxubevange isicisha, ama-athomu ekhabhoni ahlala ekhona, okuholela ensimbi eqine kakhulu.
Ayini amandla aqinile?
	Amandla okuqina yinani lomthwalo insimbi engamelana nayo ngaphandle kokuphuka, ukudabuka noma ukuklebhuka. Amandla aqine kakhulu asho ukuthi okokusebenza kungamelana nezinga eliphakeme lokucindezeleka (okufana nokugoba) ngaphambi kokwephuka, kuyilapho amandla okushuba okuphansi asho ukuthi impahla iphuka kalula lapho kufakwa umthwalo.