Enziwa ngamaphi amathayi ezimoto?

Abakhiqizi bamathayi bafihla iresiphi ngqo yokwenziwa kwabo. Izinto eziyinhloko zihlala zingashintshiwe. Izici zamamodeli ahlukile zihlukile. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho kukhethwa amathayi emoto.

Izinhlobo zenjoloba

Ngaphandle komkhiqizi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamathayi emakethe. Izici zabo zobuchwepheshe cishe ziyafana. Izinhlobo zenjoloba:

1. Kusuka ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zemvelo. Ukwakheka kusekelwe enjolweni yemifino. Kuyinto engokwemvelo ekhishwa emgqeni wezihlahla. Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhiqizwa kwamathayi ezimoto, kwasetshenziswa injoloba yemifino kuphela.
2. Kusuka ezintweni zokwenziwa zokusetshenziswa. Amathayi amanje enziwe ngenjoloba ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali. Okokusebenza kuyamelana nowoyela bemifino nezilwane. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngenjoloba yokwenziwa inokugcinwa okuhle komoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwaziswa kuye kwasakazeka ekwakhiweni kwamathayi emoto.

Injoloba eyenziwe ngezinto zemvelo noma zokwenziwa isetshenziswa ezimotweni emhlabeni wonke. Abakhiqizi bakhiqiza amathayi anezincazelo ezihlukile ngenxa yezinguquko ekwakhiweni kwenjoloba. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukubamba kwamasondo ezindaweni ezomile, ezimanzi noma ezineqhwa.

Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngqo kanye neresiphi kwehlukile kumkhiqizi ngamunye. Izinkampani azizidaluli izithako nomthamo wazo ngqo. Izakhi eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamathayi ziyaziwa. Lokhu kufaka irabha, i-silicic acid, i-carbon black, izinhlaka namafutha.

Iyini injoloba yemvelo

Impahla eluhlaza yinto enwebekayo enezinto ezingangeni amanzi. Injoloba yemvelo ikhishwa esicongweni sezihlahla. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusikwa kwenziwa amagxolo ezitshalo. Ngemuva komhlangano, uketshezi luthunyelwa ukuqhutshwa.

ILatex ikhiqizwa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo. Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo enjoloba ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amathayi wemoto. Ukuthola i-latex, umuthi womuthi wemvelo uxutshwe ne-asidi. Umphumela uba isisindo esinwebeka esijiyile.

Umswakama oweqile uyasuswa ku-latex. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ubukhulu bufakwa ngaphansi kokucindezela noma kudluliselwe emigodini yokugingqa. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthola i-latex emsulwa ezintweni zemvelo zokusetshenziswa.

Ezinye izakhi zokwakhiwa kwamathayi

Ngaphandle kwerabha, kunezelwa ezinye izinto ekwakhiweni kwamathayi. Ziyadingeka ukuthuthukisa amandla wezinto zomkhiqizo futhi zishintshe izici zayo zobuchwepheshe. Abakhi bangeze izithako ezilandelayo ekwakhiweni:

1. Ikhabhoni emnyama. Ingxenyenamba yesisindo ingafika ku-30%. I-Carbon black iyadingeka ukwenza ngcono amandla wezinto zenjoloba. Isondo lomshini liyamelana nokuhuzuka lapho ushayela ezindaweni ezinezimfanelo ezahlukahlukene.
2. I-silicic acid. Ithuthukisa ukubamba okumanzi. Abakhiqizi bayisebenzisa njengendawo ye-carbon black. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-silicic acid inezindleko eziphansi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amathayi enziwe nge-silicic acid awanamandla okumelana nokuhuzuka.
3. Amafutha kanye nezinhlaka. Zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezinwebeka zenjoloba. Abenzi bengeza lolu hlobo lwesithasiselo ekwakhiweni ukufeza ukuthamba kwesondo. Lokhu kudingwa ngamathayi ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa ebusika.
4. Izithako eziyimfihlo. Abenzi bengeza amakhemikhali akhethekile ekwakhiweni. Ziyakuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izici zenjoloba. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemoto, ukunciphisa ibanga lokubhabha, njll.

Ingxenyana yesisindo sezakhi emikhiqizweni yabakhiqizi abahlukile yehlukile. Lapho ukhetha amathayi, cabanga ngezici zawo.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza isondo ngesinyathelo

Indlela yokukhiqiza ingahluka kuye ngenkampani. Ngenxa yemishini yesimanje, kungenzeka ukwenza ezinye izinqubo zishintshe. Izigaba eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwamathayi:

1. Ukucubungula ubisi lomuthi ku-latex.
2. Ukususa umswakama okweqile ezintweni ezinwebeka.
3. Ukugaya i-latex.
4. Ukwelapha. Ngale nqubo, i-latex ixutshwe nesibabule.

Ngemuva kwe-vulcanization ngokungezwa kwezithako ezifanele, kungenzeka ukuthola irabha elimelana nokuhuzuka namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Amasondo ezimoto enziwa ngawo.

Injoloba yanamuhla yamathayi

Ukukhula kwesibalo sezimoto kuholele ekushodeni kweraba yemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenziwa izinto zokwenziwa. Ngezakhiwo zayo, akuyona into ephansi kunenjoloba yemifino.

Amathayi amanje enziwe ngenjoloba aqukethe injoloba yemvelo noma yokwenziwa. Izici zemikhiqizo zithonywe kakhulu izithako ezingeziwe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izindleko zamathayi ezenziwe ngenjoloba yemvelo ziphakeme kunalezo zenjoloba yokwenziwa.

Ahlanganiswe kanjani amathayi

Kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile ukuhlanganisa amathayi. Inombolo nohlobo lwemishini kukhethwa ngokwehlukana kudaba ngalunye, kuya ngomthamo wokukhiqiza.

Amathayi akhiwe ngohlaka lwensimbi nenjoloba. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze umkhiqizo isimo osifunayo. Ukwakhiwa kwamathayi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukile kwehlukile.

Amathayi amanje enziwe ngenjoloba yemvelo noma yokwenziwa. Ukuze uthuthukise izici zenjoloba, ukwakheka kufakwe izithasiselo ezikhethekile. Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi unciphise ibhuleki amabhuleki futhi uthuthukise ukuphatha imoto, kungakhathalekile ukuthi izinga lomgwaqo lisezingeni elingakanani.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ubani owasungula irabha? Charles Goodyear. Ngo-1839, lo msunguli, ehlanganisa irabha eluhlaza nesibabule, futhi efudumeza le ngxube, wathola indlela yokusimamisa ukunwebeka kwenjoloba.

Yini efakwe ethayini? Iqukethe intambo (insimbi, indwangu noma intambo ye-polymer) kanye nerabha. Irabha ngokwayo ingaba nokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwerabha (kuye ngokuthi isizini, inkomba yesivinini kanye nomthwalo).

Enziwa kanjani amathayi emoto? I-tread ithengiswa entanjeni yerabha engavunyiwe. Uhlaka lwensimbi lwenziwa ngocingo lwe-rubberized (i-wheel flange). Zonke izingxenye vulcanized.