Umbhubhisi wamathangi u-Hetzer Jagdpanzer 38 (Sd.Kfz.138 / 2)

Okuqukethwe Umbhubhisi wamathangi "Hetzer" Iyaqhubeka ... Umbhubhisi wamathangi uHetzer I-Jagdpanzer 38 (Sd.Kfz.138/2) Ngemva kokudala imiklamo eminingi ethuthukisiwe futhi engaphumeleli ngaso sonke isikhathi yababhubhisi bamathangi akhanyayo ngo-1943, abaklami baseJalimane bakwazile ukwakha iyunithi yokuziphendulela eyahlanganisa ngempumelelo isisindo esilula, izikhali ezinamandla kanye nezikhali eziphumelelayo. Umbhubhisi ithangi wasungulwa uHenschel ngesisekelo se-chassis ethuthukiswe kahle yethangi lokukhanya laseCzechoslovak i-TNHP, eyayinegama lesiJalimane elithi Pz.Kpfw.38 (t). Isibhamu esisha esizishayelayo sasinohlaka oluphansi olunokuthambekela okunengqondo kwamapuleti ezikhali aseceleni angaphambili nangaphezulu. Ukufakwa kwesibhamu esingu-75 mm ubude bomphongolo obungama-calibers angu-48, simbozwe imaski yezikhali eziyindilinga. Isibhamu somshini esingu-7,92-mm esinekhava yehawu sibekwe ophahleni lwesikebhe. I-chassis yenziwe ngamasondo amane, injini itholakala ngemuva komzimba, amasondo okudlulisela kanye nokushayela angaphambili. Uphiko oluzihambelayo lufakwe isiteshi somsakazo kanye ne-intercom yethangi. Okunye ukufakwa kwakhiqizwa enguqulweni ye-flamethrower ezishayelayo, kuyilapho i-flamethrower ifakwe esikhundleni sesibhamu esingu-75-mm. Ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu ezizishayelayo kwaqala ngo-1944 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi. Sekukonke, kwakhiqizwa ukufakwa okungaba ngu-2600, okwasetshenziswa ezimpini ezilwa namathangi ezigabeni zezingane nezihamba ngezimoto. Kusukela emlandweni wokudalwa kombhubhisi ithangi 38 "Hetzer" Akukho lutho olumangalisayo ekudalweni kwe "Jagdpanzer 38". Ama-Allies aqhumisa ngempumelelo izimboni ze-Almerkische Kettenfabrik ngoNovemba 1943. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulimala kwemishini kanye nama-workshops embonini, okwakungumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu izikhali zokuhlasela IJalimane yamaNazi, eyakha isisekelo sokuhlukana kwama-anti-tank kanye nama-brigades. Izinhlelo zokuhlomisa amayunithi alwa namathangi e-Wehrmacht ngezinto ezidingekayo ayesengozini. Inkampani kaFrederick Krupp yaqala ukukhiqiza izibhamu zokuhlasela ngombhoshongo we-conning kusuka ku-StuG 40 kanye ne-undercarriage yethangi le-PzKpfw IV, kodwa zazimba eqolo, futhi ayengekho amathangi e-T-IV anele. Konke kwaba nzima ngokuthi ekuqaleni kuka-1945, ngokwezibalo, ibutho lalidinga okungenani amayunithi angu-1100 ngenyanga yezibhamu ezizimele ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu-millimeters. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, kanye nangenxa yobunzima nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi, akukho nowodwa wemishini ekhiqizwa ngobuningi eyayingakhiqizwa ngobuningi obunjalo. Ucwaningo lwamaphrojekthi akhona luye lwacacisa ukuthi i-chassis namandla iyunithi yezibhamu ezizishayelayo "i-Marder III" zihlakaniphile futhi zishibhile, kodwa ukubhuka kwayo kwakunganele. Nakuba, ubuningi bemoto yokulwa ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu yokumiswa kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa i-chassis. Ngo-August-September 1943, onjiniyela be-VMM benza umdwebo wohlobo olusha lwezibhamu ezizishayayo ezishibhile ezihlome nge-armored anti-tank, ezazihlome ngesibhamu esingalawuleki, kodwa, naphezu kokuba kungenzeka ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezimoto ezinjalo ngisho nangaphambi kokuqhuma kwamabhomu. ngo-November 1943, lo msebenzi awuzange uvuse isithakazelo. Ngo-1944, i-Allies cishe ayizange ihlasele insimu yaseCzechoslovakia, imboni ayizange ihlupheke, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu zokuhlasela endaweni yayo kuye kwaba kuhle kakhulu. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, inkampani ye-VMM yathola umyalelo osemthethweni ngenhloso yokukhiqiza isampula elibambezelekile “lesibhamu sokushaya sesitayela esisha” phakathi nenyanga. Ngo-December 17, umsebenzi wokuklama waqedwa futhi amamodeli okhuni ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto ezintsha zethulwa yi-“Heereswaffenamt” (I-Directorate of Armaments of the Ground Forces). Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinketho wawuku-chassis kanye nendawo yokuphehla amandla. Eyokuqala yayisekelwe ethangini le-PzKpfw 38 (t), embhoshongweni wokulinganisa omncane, lapho, ngohlelo oluthambekele lwamapuleti ezikhali, kwakufakwe isibhamu esingenasici esingu-105-mm, esikwazi ukushaya izikhali zanoma yiliphi ithangi lesitha. ibanga elingafika ku-3500 m. Okwesibili ku-chassis yethangi elisha lokuhlola i-TNH nA, elihlome ngeshubhu engu-105-mm - isiqhumane se-missile anti-tank, esinesivinini esingafika ku-900 m / s kanye nesibhamu esizenzakalelayo esingu-30-mm. Inketho, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ihlanganise ama-node aphumelelayo omunye nomunye, kwaba njengokungathi, phakathi kwezinguqulo ezihlongozwayo futhi kunconywa ukwakhiwa. I-75-mm PaK39 L / 48 cannon yavunywa njengezikhali zomchithi wethangi omusha, owafakwa ekukhiqizweni kwe-serial kombhubhisi wethangi eliphakathi "Jagdpanzer IV", kodwa isibhamu esingapheli kanye nesibhamu se-rocket asenziwanga. I-Prototype SAU "Sturmgeschutz nA", evunyelwe ukwakhiwa Ngo-January 27, 1944, kwagunyazwa uhlobo lokugcina lwezibhamu ezizishayelayo. Imoto yafakwa emsebenzini “njengohlobo olusha lwesibhamu sokuhlasela esingu-75 mm ku-PzKpfw 38(t) chassis” (Sturmgeschutz nA mit 7,5 cm Cancer 39 L/48 Auf Fahzgestell PzKpfw 38 (t)). Ephreli 1, 1944. ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwaqala. Ngokushesha izibhamu ezizishayelayo zaphinde zahlukaniswa njengabacekeli bamathangi amancane futhi zanikezwa inkomba entsha "I-Jagdpanzer 38 (SdKfz 138/2)“. Ngo-December 4, 1944, igama labo siqu elithi “Hetzer” labelwa bona (uHetzer ungumzingeli ophakela isilo). Imoto yayinemiklamo eminingi emisha nezixazululo zobuchwepheshe, nakuba abaklami bezama ukuyihlanganisa ngangokunokwenzeka nethangi elihlakaniphile le-PzKpfw 38 (t) kanye nesibhubhisi sethangi elikhanyayo le-Marder III. Ama-hulls enziwe ngamapuleti ezikhali ezinobukhulu obukhulu ayenziwe ngokushisela, hhayi ngamabhawodi - okokuqala ngqa eCzechoslovakia. I-hull ehlanganisiwe, ngaphandle kophahla lwamakamelo okulwa ne-injini, yayiyi-monolithic futhi ingenawo umoya, futhi ngemva kokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokushisela, ukuqina komsebenzi wokwenziwa kwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhumbi ohlangene wehla cishe izikhathi ezimbili. Umnsalo we-hull wawunamapuleti angu-2 wezikhali ezinobukhulu obungama-60 mm (ngokusho kwedatha yasekhaya - 64 mm), efakwe e-engeli enkulu yokuthambekela (60 ° - phezulu no-40 ° - ngaphansi). Izinhlangothi ze "Hetzer" - 20 mm - nazo zazinama-engeli amakhulu okuthambekela futhi ngenxa yalokho zivikele abasebenzi bezinhlamvu ezivela ezibhamu ezilwa nethangi namagobolondo ezibhamu ezincane (kufika ku-45 mm), kanye negobolondo elikhulu. nezingcezu zamabhomu. Ukwakheka komchithi wethangi “Jagdpanzer 38 Hetzer" Chofoza kumdwebo ukuze ukhulise (uzovuleka efasiteleni elisha) 1 - 60-mm ipuleti lezikhali langaphambili, 2 - umgqomo wesibhamu, 3 - ingubo yesibhamu, 4 - isibhamu sebhola, 5 - isibhamu se-gimbal mount, 6 - MG-34 umshini, 7 - ukupakishwa kwegobolondo, - Izivikelo zikasilingi ze-N-mm ipuleti, 9 - injini "Prague" AE, 10 - i-exhaust system, 11 - i-radiator fan, 12 - amasondo okuqondisa, 13 - ama-track rollers, 14 - isihlalo sokulayisha, 15 - i-cardan shaft, isihlalo esingu-16 - isibhamu, i-17 - i-cartridge yesibhamu somshini, 18 - ibhokisi lamagiya. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Hetzer nakho kwakusha, ngoba okokuqala ngqa umshayeli wemoto watholakala ngakwesobunxele se-axis longitudinal (eCzechoslovakia, ngaphambi kwempi, ukuhlalisa kwesokudla komshayeli wethangi kwamukelwa). Isibhamu kanye nesilayishi kubekwe ngemuva kwekhanda lomshayeli, kwesokunxele sesibhamu, futhi indawo yomphathi wesibhamu ezishayelayo yayingemuva konogada besibhamu ohlangothini lwe-starboard. Ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwabasebenzi ophahleni lwemoto bekunamachashazi amabili. Esokunxele sasihloselwe umshayeli, umdubuli kambayimbayi kanye nesilayishi, kanti esokudla sona esomkhuzi. Ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zezibhamu ezizishayelayo, ekuqaleni yayifakwe isethi encane yemishini yokugada. Umshayeli wayenama-periscopes amabili (ngokuvamile afakwa eyodwa kuphela) ukuze abuke umgwaqo; ushayasibhamu wayekwazi ukubona indawo kuphela ngombono we-periscope “Sfl. Zfla”, ebinomkhakha omncane wokubuka. Isilayishi besinomshini ovikelayo weperiscope okwazi ukuzungezisa i-eksisi eqondile.   Umbhubhisi Wamathangi  Umlawuli wemoto ene-hatch evuliwe angasebenzisa i-stereotube, noma i-periscope yangaphandle. Lapho i-hatch cover ivaliwe ngesikhathi somlilo wesitha, abasebenzi bancishwa ithuba lokuhlola indawo ezungezile ohlangothini lwe-starboard nangemuva kwethangi (ngaphandle kwe-periscope yesibhamu somshini). Isibhamu se-anti-tank esingu-75-mm esizishayelayo i-PaK39 / 2 esinomphongolo ongama-calibers angu-48 sifakwe endaweni encane yepuleti elingaphambili kancane ngakwesokudla kwe-axis longitudinal yemoto. Ama-engeli akhombayo esibhamu ngakwesokunene nangakwesobunxele awazange afane (5 ° - kwesokunxele futhi kuze kufike ku-10 ° - kwesokudla) ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane begumbi lokulwa eline-breech enkulu yesibhamu, futhi. njengokufakwa kwayo kwe-asymmetrical. Kwakuqala ngqá esakhiweni samathangi saseJalimane naseCzechoslovakia ukuthi isibhamu esikhulu kangaka singafakwa endaweni yokulwa encane kangaka. Lokhu kwenzeke ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kohlaka olukhethekile lwe-gimbal esikhundleni somshini wesibhamu wendabuko. Ngo-1942-1943. unjiniyela u-K. Shtolberg waklama lolu hlaka lwesibhamu se-RaK39 / RaK40, kodwa isikhathi esithile akuzange kukhuthaze ukwethenjwa kwezempi. Kodwa ngemva kokufunda izibhamu eSoviet self-propelled S-1 (SU-76I), SU-85 futhi SU-152 ehlobo lika-1943, okuyinto kwadingeka ukufakwa ifremu efanayo, ubuholi German bakholelwa ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ekuqaleni, uhlaka lwasetshenziswa ababhubhisi ithangi medium "Jagdpanzer IV", "Panzer IV / 70", futhi kamuva esindayo "Jagdpanther". Abaqambi bazama ukukhanyisa "i-Jagdpanzer 38", ngenxa yokuthi umnsalo wayo wawugcwele kakhulu (i-trim emnsalweni, okwaholela ekutheni umnsalo ugobe ufike ku-8 - 10 cm ngokuhlobene nengemuva). Ophahleni lwe-Hetzer, ngenhla kwe-hatch yesokunxele, kwafakwa isibhamu somshini ovikelayo (nomagazini okwazi ukwenza imizuliswano engu-50), futhi sembozwe ngamabhomu ngesihlangu sekhona. Inkonzo ibiphethwe umlayishi. "Praga AE" - ukuthuthukiswa injini Swedish "Scania-Vabis 1664", okuyinto ngobuningi ekhiqizwa eCzechoslovakia ngaphansi kwelayisensi, yafakwa emnyangweni amandla izibhamu self-propelled. Injini yayinamasilinda angu-6, yayingenasizotha futhi inezici ezinhle zokusebenza. Ukuguqulwa "I-Praga AE" yayine-carburetor yesibili, eyaphakamisa isivinini kusuka ku-2100 kuya ku-2500. Bavumela ukuphakamisa, kanye nesivinini esikhulayo, amandla ayo avela ku-130 hp. kuze kufike ku-160 hp (kamuva - kufika ku-176 hp) - ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokucindezela kwenjini. Emhlabathini omuhle, "Hetzer" ingasheshisa ku-40 km / h. Emgwaqweni wezwe onomhlaba oqinile, njengoba kuboniswe ukuhlolwa kwe-Hetzer ebanjwe e-USSR, i-Jagdpanzer 38 yakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini se-46,8 km / h. Amathangi kaphethiloli ama-2 anamandla angama-220 kanye namalitha ayi-100 anikeze imoto ibanga lokuhamba emgwaqeni omkhulu ongamakhilomitha angama-185-195. I-chassis ye-prototype ACS iqukethe izakhi zethangi le-PzKpfw 38 (t) elineziphethu eziqinisiwe, kodwa ngokuqala kokukhiqizwa okukhulu, ububanzi bamasondo omgwaqo banda kusuka ku-775 mm kuya ku-810 mm (ama-roller we-TNH nA tank. zafakwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi). Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ithrekhi ye-SPG yanwetshwa isuka ku-2140 mm yaya ku-2630 mm. Umzimba onama-welded wonke ubunefreyimu eyakhiwe ngamaphrofayili amise okwe-T nasekhoneni, lapho amapuleti ezikhali ayenanyathiselwe khona. Kwasetshenziswa amapuleti ezikhali ahlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kwesikebhe. Imoto ibilawulwa ama-lever nama-pedals. Iphansi le-armored hull yomchithi wethangi "Hetzer" I-Hetzer yayinikwa amandla yinjini engu-2800-cylinder overhead in-line liquid-cooled injini yohlobo lwe-Praga EPA AC 7754 enomthamo wokusebenza ongu-XNUMX cm XNUMX.3 namandla angu-117,7 kW (160 hp) ku-2800 rpm. Irediyetha enevolumu engaba amalitha angama-50 yayitholakala ngemuva kwemoto ngemuva kwenjini. Ukungena komoya okusepuleti lenjini kuholela kurediyetha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Hetzer yayifakwe isibambisi samafutha (lapho kokubili injini namafutha okudlulisela ayepholisiwe), kanye nesistimu yokuqala ebandayo eyayivumela uhlelo lokupholisa ukuba lugcwaliswe ngamanzi ashisayo. Umthamo wamathangi kaphethiloli wawungama-320 amalitha, amathangi agcwaliswa ngentamo evamile. Uphethiloli osetshenziswa emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka ubungamalitha angu-180 ngebanga lika-100 km, kanti uma usendleleni udla amalitha angu-250 ngebanga lika-100 km. Eceleni kwegumbi lamandla kwakukhona amathangi amabili kaphethiloli, ithangi elingakwesobunxele lalinamalitha angama-220, kanti elokwesokudla lalingu-100 amalitha. Njengoba ithangi lesokunxele lalithululwa, uphethiloli wawumpontshwa usuka ethangini elingakwesokudla uye kwesokunxele. Iphampu kaphethiloli "Solex" yayinomshini kagesi, iphampu yemishini yezimo eziphuthumayo ifakwe i-manual drive. I-clutch eyinhloko ye-friction yomile, i-multi-disc. I-Gearbox "Praga-Wilson" uhlobo lweplanethi, amagiya amahlanu nokuhlehla. I-torque yayihanjiswa kusetshenziswa igiya le-bevel. Ishafti elixhuma injini no-gearbox lidlule phakathi nendawo yokulwa. Amabhuleki ayinhloko kanye ne-axiliary, uhlobo lwemishini (tape). Imininingwane yengaphakathi lombhubhisi ithangi "Hetzer" Ukuqondisa uhlobo lweplanethi "Praga-Wilson". Amadrayivu okugcina anomugqa owodwa namazinyo angaphakathi. Isondo langaphandle le-final drive lixhunywe ngqo esondweni lokushayela. Lo mklamo wamadrayivu okugcina wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukudlulisa i-torque ebalulekile ngosayizi omncane we-gearbox. Ibanga elijikayo lingamamitha angu-4,54. Inqola engaphansi yesibhubhisi sethangi elikhanyayo i-Hetzer yayinamasondo omgwaqo angamamitha amakhulu amane (825 mm). Amarola ayegxivizwa eshidini lensimbi futhi ayeboshelwa kuqala ngamabhawodi angu-16, kamuva ngama-rivets. Isondo ngalinye lalilenga ngamabili ngesiphethu esimise okweqabunga. Ekuqaleni, isiphethu sabuthwa kusuka kumapuleti ensimbi anogqinsi luka-7 mm bese kuba amapuleti anogqinsi luka-9 mm. Emuva - Phambili >>