Umbhubhisi wamathangi "Ferdinand" ("Indlovu")
Umbhubhisi wamathangi "Ferdinand" ("Indlovu") Amagama:
I-transmission kagesi yasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwenqola yayo, esebenza ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo: izinjini ezimbili ze-carburetor zinika amandla amajeneretha amabili kagesi, amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ukusebenzisa izinjini zikagesi ezishayela amasondo eyunithi ezishayelayo. Ezinye izici ezihlukanisayo zalokhu kufakwa ziyizikhali ezinamandla kakhulu (ubukhulu bamapuleti angaphambili we-hull kanye ne-cabin buyi-200 mm) nesisindo esinzima - amathani angama-65. Isikhungo samandla esinamandla angama-640 hp kuphela. inganikeza isivinini esiphezulu sale colossus kuphela 30 km / h. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, akazange ahambe ngokushesha kunomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo. Ababhubhisi bamathangi "Ferdinand" baqala ukusetshenziswa ngoJulayi 1943 e-Battle of Kursk. Babeyingozi kakhulu lapho belwa ezindaweni ezikude (i-sub-caliber projectile ebangeni elingamamitha angu-1000 kwaqinisekiswa ukubhoboza izikhali zempi engu-200 mm ubukhulu) kwakukhona izimo lapho ithangi le-T-34 libhujiswa kude namamitha angu-3000, kodwa ukulwa close they are more mobile amathangi T-34 ababhubhise ngezibhamu eceleni nangemuva. Isetshenziswa kumayunithi esindayo anti-tank fighter. Ngo-1942, i-Wehrmacht yamukela ithangi le-Tiger, elaklanywa yinkampani yakwaHenschel. Umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa ithangi elifanayo wamukelwa ngaphambili nguProfesa Ferdinand Porsche, owathi, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuhlolwa kwawo womabili amasampula, wethula ithangi lakhe ekukhiqizeni. Imoto yakwaPorsche ibifakwe ugesi osebenzisa ithusi eliningi elishodayo, obekungenye yezimpikiswano eziqinile ezimelene nayo. Ukwengeza, ukuthwala ngaphansi kwethangi le-Porsche kwakuphawuleka ngokuthembeka kwalo okuphansi futhi kwakuzodinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe okuvela kumayunithi okunakekela ezingxenyeni zamathangi. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuba ithangi likaHenschel likhethwa kuqala, kwavela umbuzo wokusebenzisa i-chassis eyenziwe ngomumo yamathangi e-Porsche, akwazi ukukhiqiza inani lezicucu ezingu-90. Ezinhlanu zazo zashintshwa zaba izimoto zokubuyisela, futhi ngesisekelo sabanye, kwanqunywa ukwakha ababhubhisi bamathangi ngesibhamu esinamandla esingu-88 mm PAK43 / 1 esinomphongolo wama-calibers angu-71, sifakwe ekamelweni elihlomile. ngemuva kwethangi. Umsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwamathangi e-Porsche waqala ngo-September 1942 embonini ye-Alkett e-St. Valentine futhi waqedwa ngoMeyi 8, 1943. Kuqanjwe izibhamu ezintsha I-Panzerjager 8,8 cm Рак43 / 2 (Sd Kfz. 184)
USolwazi Ferdinand Porsche ehlola esinye sezibonelo zethangi le-VK4501 (P) "Tiger", ngoJuni 1942
U-Hitler wayelokhu ephuthuma ukukhiqizwa, efuna izimoto ezintsha zilungele ukuqala kwe-Operation Citadel, isikhathi saso sahlehliswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yenombolo enganele yamathangi amasha we-Tiger ne-Panther akhiqizwa. Izibhamu zokuhlasela zakwaFerdinand bezifakwe izinjini ezimbili ze-Maybach HL120TRM carburetor ezinamandla angu-221 kW (300 hp) iyinye. Izinjini zazimaphakathi nendawo yomkhumbi, ngaphambi kwendawo yokulwa, ngemva kwesihlalo somshayeli. Ugqinsi lwezikhali zangaphambili lwalungama-200 mm, izikhali eziseceleni zazingama-80 mm, ezansi zazingu-60 mm, uphahla lwegumbi lokulwa lwaluyi-40 mm no-42 mm. Umshayeli nomqhubi womsakazo babephambi kwesikebhe, futhi umkhuzi, isibhamu kanye nezilayishi ezimbili ngemuva. Ngokuklama nokuhleleka kwayo, isibhamu sikaFerdinand sasihluke kuwo wonke amathangi aseJalimane kanye nezibhamu ezizishayelayo zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngaphambi komkhumbi kwakukhona indawo yokulawula, eyayihlala izinsimbi nezinsimbi zokulawula, amayunithi esistimu yokubhuleka ye-pneumohydraulic, ama-tensioner, ibhokisi lokuhlangana elinamaswishi nama-rheostats, iphaneli yezinsimbi, izihlungi zikaphethiloli, amabhethri okuqala, isiteshi somsakazo, izihlalo zomshayeli nomsakazo. Indawo yokuphehla amandla ibithatha ingxenye emaphakathi yesibhamu esizishayelayo. Yahlukaniswa negumbi lokulawula ngokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi. Kwakukhona izinjini ze-Maybach ezifakwe ngokuhambisana, ezibhangqwe namajeneretha, iyunithi yokukhipha umoya nerediyetha, amathangi kaphethiloli, i-compressor, amafeni amabili aklanyelwe ukukhiphela umoya endaweni yokuphehla amandla, namamotho kagesi odonsayo. Chofoza isithombe ukuze ukhulise (sizovuleka efasiteleni elisha)
Umbhubhisi wamathangi "Indlovu" Sd.Kfz.184 Engxenyeni engemuva kwakukhona indawo yokulwa efakwe kuyo isibhamu esingu-88-mm StuK43 L / 71 (okuhlukile kwe-anti-tank gun engu-88-mm Pak43, elungiselelwe ukufakwa ngesibhamu sokuhlasela) kanye nezinhlamvu, amalungu amane ezisebenzi. nazo zazitholakala lapha - umkhuzi, isibhamu kanye nama-loaders amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini zokudonsa zazitholakala endaweni engemuva engezansi yendawo yokulwa. Igumbi lokulwa lahlukaniswa nendawo yesikhungo samandla ngokuhlukaniswa okukwazi ukumelana nokushisa, kanye nephansi elinezimpawu ezizwakalayo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela umoya ongcolile ukuthi ungangeni endaweni yokulwa usuka endaweni yesikhungo sokuphehla amandla kanye nokwenza kube khona umlilo endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye. Ukwehlukana phakathi kwamagumbi kanye, ngokuvamile, indawo yemishini emzimbeni wesibhamu esizishayelayo kwenze kwaba nzima ngomshayeli no-opharetha womsakazo ukuthi baxhumane mathupha nezisebenzi zegumbi lokulwa. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo kwenziwa ngefoni yethangi - i-hose yensimbi eguquguqukayo - kanye ne-intercom yethangi.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-Ferdinands, ama-hulls ama-Tigers, aklanywe ngu-F. Porsche, ayenziwe ngezikhali ezingama-80-mm-100-mm, asetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amashidi asemaceleni anangaphambili nangemuva ayexhunywe ku-spike, futhi emaphethelweni amashidi aseceleni kwakukhona ama-grooves angu-20-mm lapho amashidi angaphambili nangemuva avaliwe. Ngaphandle nangaphakathi, wonke amalunga ayeshiselwe nge-austenitic electrode. Lapho kuguqulwa ama-tank hulls abe yi-Ferdinands, amapuleti aseceleni angemuva abevele anqanyulwe ngaphakathi - ngale ndlela abe lula ngokuphenduka abe iziqinisi ezengeziwe. Esikhundleni sazo, amapuleti amancane angama-80-mm ezikhali ayeshiselwe, okwakuwukuqhubeka kohlangothi oluyinhloko, lapho ishidi elingaphezulu elingemuva lalinamathiselwe ku-spike. Zonke lezi zinyathelo zathathwa ukuze ingxenye engaphezulu yesikebhe ifinyelele ezingeni elifanayo, okwadingeka kamuva ukuze kufakwe ikhabethe. Kwakukhona nemisele engu-20 mm emaphethelweni angezansi amashidi asemaceleni, ahlanganisa amashidi aphansi nalandelayo. ukushisela izinhlangothi ezimbili. Ingxenye engaphambili yephansi (ebude obuyi-1350 mm) yaqiniswa ngeshidi elengeziwe elingu-30 mm elifakwe kwelinye eliyinhloko elinama-rivets angu-25 ahlelwe emigqeni engu-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisela kwenziwa emaphethelweni ngaphandle kokusika imiphetho.
Amashidi angaphambili nangaphambili anobukhulu obuyi-100 mm aqiniswa ngaphezu kwalokho ngezikrini ezingu-100 mm, ezixhunywe eshidini elikhulu elinamabholithi angu-12 (ngaphambili) nangu-11 (ngaphambili) anobubanzi obungu-38 mm anamakhanda angangenwa izinhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisela kwenziwa kusuka phezulu nasezinhlangothini. Ukuvimbela amantongomane ukuthi angaxegi ngesikhathi sokugoqa, aphinde ashiselwe ngaphakathi kwamapuleti ayisisekelo. Izimbobo zensiza yokubuka kanye nokufaka isibhamu somshini eshidini lesikhumba elingaphambili, elizuzwe njengefa elithi "Tiger" elaklanywa nguF. Porsche, lalishiselwe ngaphakathi ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile zokufakwa kwezikhali. Amashidi ophahla egumbi lokulawula kanye nendawo yokuphehla amandla abekwe emiseleni engu-20 mm emaphethelweni angaphezulu ohlangothini nangaphambili, alandelwa ukushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili. umshayeli no-opharetha womsakazo. I-hatch yomshayeli yayinezimbobo ezintathu zemishini yokubuka, evikelwe phezulu nge-visor ye-armored. Kwesokudla se-hatch yomsebenzisi werediyo, isilinda esivikelwe sasishiselwe ukuvikela okokufaka kwe-antenna, futhi isivalo sasixhunywe phakathi kwezivalo ukuze kuvikelwe umbhobho wesibhamu endaweni ebekiwe. Emaceleni asemaceleni angaphambili abevele kunezikhala zokubuka umshayeli nomsakazo.
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I-Elefant fighter tank, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ferdinand, yaklanywa ngesisekelo se-prototype VK 4501 (P) ye-T-VI H Tiger tank. Le nguqulo yethangi le-Tiger yasungulwa yinkampani yakwaPorsche, nokho, umklamo we-Henschel wakhethwa kuqala, futhi kwanqunywa ukuguqula amakhophi angama-90 e-VK 4501 (P) chassis abe yizibhubhisi zamathangi. Ikhabethe elihlomile lalibekwe ngaphezu kwegumbi lokulawula kanye negumbi lokulwa, lapho kwafakwa khona isibhamu esinamandla esingu-88-mm semi-automatic esinomphongolo wamacaliber angu-71. Isibhamu sasiqondiswe ngemuva kuka-chassis, manje osekuyingaphambili leyunithi ezishayelayo.
