I-Fighter Kyushu J7W1 Shinden
Okuwukuphela kwe-Kyūshū J7W1 Shinden interceptor prototype eyakhelwe. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okungajwayelekile kwe-aerodynamic, ngokungangabazeki kwakuyindiza engavamile kakhulu eyakhiwa eJapane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
Bekufanele kube isixhumi esisheshayo, esihlome kahle esiklanyelwe ukubhekana namabhomu aseMelika iBoeing B-29 Superfortress. Yayinohlelo olungajwayelekile lwe-canard aerodynamic okuthi, naphezu kwe-prototype eyodwa kuphela eyakhiwayo futhi yahlolwa, kuze kube namuhla ingenye yezindiza zaseJapane ezaziwa kakhulu ezakhiqizwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Ukuzinikela kuphazamise ukuqhubeka kwentuthuko yale ndiza engavamile.
Umqambi womqondo we-Shinden fighter kwakunguKaputeni. Mar. (taii) UMasaoki Tsuruno, owayengumshayeli wendiza yezindiza zasolwandle osebenza eMnyangweni Wezindiza (Hikoki-bu) we-Naval Aviation Arsenal (Kaigun Koku Gijutsusho; Kugisho okwesikhashana) e-Yokosuka. ekuqaleni kuka-1942/43, ngokuzihambela kwakhe, waqala ukuklama i-fighter ekucushweni okungajwayelekile kwe-canard aerodynamic, i.e. enomsila ovundlile ngaphambili (phambi kwenkaba yamandla adonsela phansi) namaphiko ngemuva (ngemuva kwenkaba yamandla adonsela phansi). Uhlelo lwe-canard lwalungelusha; ngokuphambene nalokho, izindiza eziningi zenkathi yamaphayona okuthuthukiswa kwezindiza zakhiwe kulokhu kumiswa. Ngemuva kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yisakhiwo sakudala, izindiza ezinezinsika zangaphambili zaziyivelakancane futhi empeleni azizange zidlule ububanzi bokuhlolwa.
I-J7W1 prototype ngemva kokubanjwa amaMelika. Indiza manje isilungiswa ngemuva komonakalo odalwe amaJapan, kodwa ayikapendi. Ukuchezuka okukhulu ukusuka ekumeni kwegiya lokumisa kubonakala ngokucacile.
Isakhiwo "sedada" sinezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kweyakudala. I-empennage ikhiqiza i-lift eyengeziwe (ngesakhiwo sakudala, umsila udala amandla okuphakamisa okuphambene ukuze ulinganisele umzuzu wokuphakama), ngakho-ke ngesisindo esithile sokusuka, kungenzeka ukwakha i-glider enamaphiko enendawo encane yokuphakamisa. Ukubeka umsila ovundlile ekugelezeni komoya okungaphazamiseki phambi kwamaphiko kuthuthukisa ukuhambahamba eduze kwe-axis yephimbo. Umsila namaphiko akuzungezwe umfudlana womoya, futhi i-fuselage eya phambili inengxenye encane eyisiphambano, enciphisa ukuhudula okuphelele kwe-aerodynamic kwe-airframe.
Cishe akukho mkhuba omile, ngoba lapho i-angle yokuhlasela ikhuphukela kumanani abalulekile, ukugeleza kuqala kuphuka futhi amandla okuphakamisa emsileni wangaphambili alahlekile, okwenza ikhala lendiza lehle, futhi ngaleyo ndlela i-angle yokuhlasela iyancipha, okuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwendiza. amajethi kanye nokulahlekelwa isithwali samandla emaphikweni. I-fuselage encane eya phambili kanye nendawo ye-cockpit phambi kwamaphiko ithuthukisa ukubonakala phambili naphansi kuya emaceleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ohlelweni olunjalo kunzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza okwanele kokuqondisa (lateral) nokulawulwa eduze kwe-axis ye-yaw, kanye nokuzinza kwe-longitudinal ngemva kokuphambuka kwe-flap (okungukuthi ngemva kokukhuphuka okukhulu kokuphakama emaphikweni). ).
Endizeni emise okwedada, ikhambi elisobala kakhulu lokuklama ukubeka injini ngemuva kwe-fuselage bese ushayela uphephela ngama-pusher blades. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubangele izinkinga ezithile ekuqinisekiseni ukupholisa kwenjini okufanele kanye nokufinyelela ukuze ihlolwe noma ilungiswe, kukhulula isikhala ekhaleni sezikhali ezikhwezwayo ezigxile eduze kwe-axis yobude be-fuselage. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini itholakala ngemuva komshayeli.
inikeza ukuvikelwa komlilo okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka lihlala ngokuphuthumayo ngemva kokukhishwa embhedeni, lingakwazi ukuchoboza i-cockpit. Lesi simiso se-aerodynamic sasidinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-chassis yamasondo angaphambili, okwakuseyinto entsha enkulu eJapane ngaleso sikhathi.
Idizayini ewuhlaka yendiza eklanywe ngale ndlela yathunyelwa eMnyangweni Wezobuchwepheshe Wophiko Oluyinhloko Lwezokuqondisa Lwezindiza Lombutho Wamanzi (Kaigun Koku Honbu Gijutsubu) njengomuntu ozongenela ukhetho lwe-otsu-type interceptor (efushanisiwe ngokuthi kyokuchi) (bheka ibhokisi). Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, indiza bekufanele ibe nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwendiza kunenjini enamawele i-Nakajima J5N1 Tenrai, eklanywe ukuphendula i-18-shi kyokusen ecaciswe ngo-January 1943. Ngenxa yesistimu ye-aerodynamic engajwayelekile, umklamo we-Tsuruno wahlangabezana nokungabaza. noma, okungcono kakhulu, ukungathembeki engxenyeni yezikhulu ze-Kaigun Koku Honbu. Nokho, uthole ukwesekwa okuqinile kuComdr. ULieutenant (chusa) Minoru Gendy we-Naval General Staff (Gunreibu).
Ukuze kuhlolwe izimfanelo zendiza ye-fighter yesikhathi esizayo, kwanqunywa ukuthi kwakhiwe kuqala futhi kuvivinywe endizeni i-airframe yokuhlola ye-MXY6 (bheka ibhokisi), enesakhiwo esifanayo se-aerodynamic kanye nobukhulu njenge-fighter ehlongozwayo. Ngo-Agasti 1943, imodeli yesikali esingu-1:6 yahlolwa emhubheni womoya eKugisho. Imiphumela yabo yafakazela ukuthi iyathembisa, iqinisekisa ukunemba komqondo kaTsuruno futhi inikeza ithemba lokuphumelela kwendiza eyakhiwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-February 1944, i-Kaigun Koku Honbu yamukela umqondo wokudala i-fighter engajwayelekile, ehlanganisa nayo ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa indiza entsha njenge-interceptor yohlobo lwe-otsu. Nakuba ingasetshenziswanga ngokusemthethweni ngaphakathi kokucaciswa kwe-kyokusen engu-18-shi, ngokwenkontileka ibizwa ngokuthi enye indlela ye-J5N1 ehlulekile.
