I-Fighter Bell P-63 Kingcobra
I-Bell P-63A-9 (42-69644) kwenye yezindiza zayo zokuhlola. I-King Cobra ayizange ihehe isithakazelo esikhulu ku-US Air Force, kodwa yakhiqizwa ngobuningi kuqala
kweSoviet Union.
I-Bell P-63 Kingcobra kwakuyindiza yesibili ye-laminar-wing fighter yaseMelika ngemva kwe-Mustang, futhi okuwukuphela kwendiza ye-American single-seat fighter okuwumfanekiso wayo owandiza ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaJapane ePearl Harbor futhi yangenela ukukhiqizwa phakathi nempi. Nakuba i-P-63 ayizange ihehe isithakazelo esikhulu ku-US Air Force, yakhiqizwa ngobuningi bezidingo zabalingani, ikakhulukazi i-USSR. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ama-Kingcobra nawo asetshenziswa empini yibutho lasemoyeni laseFrance.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-1940, ochwepheshe be-Air Corps logistics e-Wright Field, e-Ohio, baqala ukukholelwa ukuthi i-P-39 Airacobra fighter yayingeke ibe i-interceptor esebenza kahle kakhulu endaweni ephakeme. Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwesimo kungafinyelelwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa injini enamandla kakhulu kanye nokunciphisa ukudonsa kwe-aerodynamic. Ukukhethwa kwawela ku-12-cylinder in-line V-shaped liquid-cooled engine Continental V-1430-1 enamandla amakhulu angu-1600-1700 hp. Eminyakeni eyedlule, i-United States Air Force (USAAC) yayitshale imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, ibheka njengenye indlela yenjini ye-Allison V-1710. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iKomidi Likazwelonke Lokweluleka le-Aeronautics (NACA) lenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-laminar airfoil, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olwenziwa eLangley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory (LMAL) othweswe iziqu eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia u-Eastman Nixon Jacobs. Iphrofayili entsha ibonakaliswe yiqiniso lokuthi ubukhulu bayo obukhulu busukela kumaphesenti angama-40 kuye kwangama-60. ama-chords (amaphrofayili avamile anogqinsi olungaphezu kwama-25% we-chord). Lokhu kuvumele ukugeleza kwe-laminar (okungaphazamiseki) ukuthi kudalwe endaweni enkulu kakhulu yephiko, okubuye kube nomphumela wokudonsa okuncane kakhulu kwe-aerodynamic. Abaqambi nabasebenzi bezempi babenethemba lokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini enamandla ene-airframe ethuthukisiwe ye-aerodynamically kuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwe-interceptor ephumelelayo.
Maphakathi no-February 1941, abaklami be-Bell Aircraft Corporation bahlangana nabameleli bomnyango wezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze baxoxe ngokuthi kungenzeka kwakhiwe isilwi esisha. UBell uhambise iziphakamiso ezimbili - iModel 23, i-P-39 eshintshiwe enenjini engu-V-1430-1, kanye neModel 24, okwakuyindiza entsha ngokuphelele enephiko le-laminar airfoil. Eyokuqala yayisebenza ngokushesha inqobo nje uma injini entsha yayitholakala ngesikhathi. Owesibili wawudinga isikhathi esiningi kakhulu esigabeni socwaningo nentuthuko, kodwa umphumela kufanele ngabe ube ngcono kakhulu. Zombili lezi ziphakamiso zidonse ukunaka kwe-USAAC futhi kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-XP-39E (eshiwo esihlokweni se-P-39 Airacobra) kanye ne-P-63 Kingcobra. Ngomhla ka-April 1, i-Bell yahambisa imininingwane enemininingwane ye-Model 24 ku-Materiel Division kanye nezilinganiso zezindleko. Ngemva cishe kwezinyanga ezimbili zezingxoxo, ngo-June 27, Bell waklonyeliswa Contract No. W535-ac-18966 ukwakha Model 24 endizayo prototypes, aqokwe XP-63 (serial izinombolo 41-19511 kanye 41-19512; XR-631-1; ) kanye nokuhlola ukukhathala kwe-airframe emile nephansi.
Le phrojekthi
Umsebenzi wokuklama kokuqala kwe-Model 24 waqala ekupheleni kuka-1940. Umklamo wezobuchwepheshe we-XP-63 wenziwa unjiniyela. UDaniel J. Fabrisi, Jr. Le ndiza yayine-silhouette efana ne-P-39, okwakuwumphumela wokulondoloza uhlelo olufanayo lokuklama - indiza ye-cantilever low-wing aircraft enegiya lokuhlalisa i-tricycle elihlehliswayo elinesondo lekhala, i-37- mm inganono idubula nge-propeller shaft, injini esendaweni ephakathi nendawo yamandla adonsela phansi esakhiweni kanye ne-cockpit phakathi kwesibhamu nenjini. Umklamo we-airframe wawumusha ngokuphelele. Phakathi nenqubo yokuklama, cishe zonke izingxenye nezakhi zesakhiwo zashintshwa, ukuze ekugcineni i-R-39 ne-R-63 ingabi nezingxenye ezivamile. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-R-39D, ubude bendiza bukhuphuke busuka ku-9,19 baya ku-9,97 m, ubude bomsila ovundlile kusuka ku-3962 kuya ku-4039 mm, ithrekhi yegiya elikhulu lokufika kusuka ku-3454 kuya ku-4343 mm, kanye nethrekhi yesisekelo. igiya lokufika kusuka ku-3042 mm. kuze kufike ku-3282 mm. Ububanzi be-fuselage kuphela obungashintshiwe, bunqunywa ububanzi benjini futhi bufinyelela ku-883 mm. I-canopy ishintshiwe ukuze ifake ingilazi eyisicaba engangenwa bulletproof engu-38mm ehlanganiswe ne-windshield. Umsila omile nawo wawunomumo omusha. Amakheshi nephini lokuqondisa kwakumbozwe ngeseyili, futhi ama-ailerons nama-flap kwakumbozwe ngensimbi. Amaphaneli akhiphekayo namachashazi okufinyelela akhulisiwe ukuze avumele izinsimbi zifinyelele kalula izikhali namathuluzi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuqanjwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuyizimpiko ezinephrofayili ye-laminar i-NACA 66 (215) -116/216. Ngokungafani namaphiko e-P-39, babenomklamo osekelwe emishayweni emibili - eyinhloko neyisekelayo yangemuva, eyayisebenza ukunamathisela ama-ailerons nama-flaps. Ukwenyuka kwe-root chord kusuka ku-2506 kuya ku-2540 mm kanye nobude obusuka ku-10,36 kuya ku-11,68 m kuholele ekwandeni kwendawo ethwala imithwalo ukusuka ku-19,81 kuya ku-23,04 m2. Amaphiko ayeboshwe ku-fuselage nge-engeli engu-1°18′ futhi abe nokuphakama okungu-3°40′. Kusetshenziswa ama-hinged flaps esikhundleni se-alligator flaps. Imodeli yesikali esingu-1:2,5 kanye ne-1:12 yamaphiko, umsila kanye nendiza yonke ihlolwe kakhulu emhubheni womoya we-NACA LMAL e-Langley Field, eVirginia, nase-Wright Field. Ukuhlolwa kwaqinisekisa ukunemba kombono kaJacobs futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwavumela abaklami beBell ukuba balungise ukuklama kwama-ailerons nama-flaps, kanye nokuma kwe-glycol kanye nokungenisa umoya opholile wamafutha.
Ububi obuyinhloko bamaphiko e-laminar kwakuwukuthi ukuze balondoloze izakhiwo zabo ze-aerodynamic kwakudingeka babe nobuso obushelelezi kakhulu, obungenayo i-protrusions kanye nokungahambi kahle okungaphazamisa ukuhamba komoya. Ochwepheshe nabaklami be-NACA babekhathazekile ngokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza ngobuningi ingakwazi yini ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokunembile umumo wephrofayela. Ukuhlola lokhu, abasebenzi bakwaBell benza isivivinyo samaphiko amasha ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi ngawani. Ngemva kokuhlolwa emhubheni womoya we-LMAL, amaphiko atholakale ehlangabezana nezinga elimisiwe.
