Umlando weMaserati - Indaba Ezenzakalelayo

La Maserati wayenempilo enzima: eyakhe Eminyakeni 100 impilo yafa futhi yavuka kaningana, njenge-phoenix, futhi yazuza ukuzinza iminyaka engamashumi amabili kuphela ngenxa Fiat... Ake sithole ndawonye umlando I-House of the Trident, yakhelwe kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zomjaho, futhi kamuva yaba uphawu i-supercar "Kwenziwe e-Italy".

IMaserati, umlando

La umlando uphawu lwe-Emilian luqala ngokusemthethweni ngoDisemba 1, 1914, lapho abafowethu abathathu Maserati (U-Alfieri II, U-Ernesto ed ukuba luhlaza) - esevele esebenza emkhakheni wemishini - yasungulwa Bologna ishabhu eligxile ekucubunguleni izinjini Isotta Fraschini e I-Diatto... Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, u-Alfieri unelungelo lobunikazi le-spark plug entsha, kwathi ekupheleni kwempi, wagxila emhlabeni womjaho ngokufaka injini. I-Hispano-Suiza ku-Isotta Fraschini. Kule moto, yena, kanye nomfowabo u-Ernesto, banqobile ISusa-Moncenisio kusukela ngo-1921.

Ngo-1922, uphawu lweTurin I-Diatto wanikeza abazalwane baseMaserati ubuholi bemisebenzi yezemidlalo yomkhiqizo, kanye no-Alfieri indima yomshayeli osemthethweni, kodwa eminyakeni emithathu kamuva umkhiqizi wasePiedmontese wahoxa emjahweni ngenxa yezikweletu. Sibonga ukusekelwa kwezimali kwe-Marquis UDiego de Sterlich IMaseratis yakwazi ukuthola i-Diatto 30 Sport chassis.

Ukunqoba kokuqala

Okokuqala Maserati Njalo - Thayipha 26 I-1926 ayilutho ngaphandle kokuziphendukela kwemvelo IDiatto GP 8C turbo ifakwe injini I-1.5-cylinder eyisishiyagalombili ku-line 120 hp Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMario - umfowabo wesihlanu kaMaserati futhi okunguye yedwa ongenalo uthando lwemishini - udale ilogo ye-Trident edumile, egqugquzelwe uphawu emthonjeni. Neptune in UPiazza Maggiore a Bologna.

Ngo-1927, ngesikhathi somjaho eSicily (Indebe yeMessina), u-Alfieri uyisisulu sengozi enyantisayo lapho alahlekelwa khona izinso. Ngonyaka ozayo kuza ukunqoba kokuqala okukhulu - Indebe ye-Etna - sibonga u Ubhekeni Borzaccini... Umshayeli wase-Umbria uhlala phansi ngo-1929 eCremona ngemuva kwesondo elilodwa V4 ifakwe injini ngamasilinda ayi-16, irekhodi lejubane lomhlaba ekuqaleni kwe-10 km kuthi ngo-1930 liphumelele impumelelo yokuqala yamazwe omhlaba iTrident al I-Tripoli GP.

Ukufa kuka-Alfieri

ku-1932 Alfieri Maserati Ufa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kanti u-Ernesto uyeka umsebenzi wakhe wokushayela indiza ukuze athathe ukuphathwa kwenkampani: ugxila engxenyeni yezobuchwepheshe no-Ettore futhi aqoke umfowabo wesine Bindo (ukhumbula u-Isotta Fraschini) uMongameli. Ngonyaka olandelayo kufika ukunqoba kokuqala - eFrance nge UGiuseppe Campari - kokukodwa Izilingo ezinkulu (izinhlanga ezibaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kweFomula 1) noTazio Nuvolari (eshiya uFerrari ngemuva kwengxabano no-Enzo ngenxa yokuthi owokugcina wayengafuni ukuba abe ngumnikazi wamasheya angama-50% eCavallino) bawine iBelgium Grand Prix ngemuva kokuqala nge isikhundla sakamuva. use 8CM kushintshiwe.

Kwakungamabhere

Ngo-1937 unyaka iMaserati yathengwa ngayo usomabhizinisi waseModena. U-Adolfo Orsi, esebenzisa ilogo yomkhiqizo ukukhuthaza eminye imisebenzi yayo. U-Bindo, u-Ernesto no-Ettore, abakhululekile kumthwalo wokuphatha, babelana ngemisebenzi ngaphakathi kwenkampani: eyokuqala iphathelene nengxenye yezohwebo, eyesibili iphathelene nomklamo, kanti eyesithathu iphathelene nefektri. amakhandlela... Ngawo lowo nyaka UGiulio Severi ukunqoba UTarga Florio kusuka ku-6 cm: umjaho waseSicilian wawina amahlandla amathathu alandelana yi-Emilian Company nge UGiovanni Rocco ezimweni ezimbili nge ULuigi Villoresi.

Ukunqoba kwe-Indianapolis

Ngo-1939, u-Orsi wathutha Maserati ekhaya - UModena - ensimini okungeyakhe, futhi ngonyaka ofanayo 8CTF (Injini engu-3.0 enamasilinda ayisishiyagalombili enama-compressor amabili kanye nethangi likawoyela elisebenza njengelungu eliphakathi nendawo lika-chassis) - imoto yokuqala eyathuthukiswa ngaphansi kwabaphathi abasha - iyawina (okokuqala ngqa ngemoto yase-Italy) I-Indianapolis 500 nomshayeli ovela e-USA UWilbur Shaw... Inhlanganisela yaqinisekiswa ngo-1940: ayikho enye injini ye-tricolor eyakwazi ukunqoba umjaho ohlonishwayo waseYankee.

I-WWII

Ngokugqashuka kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zomjaho kwamiswa okwesikhashana ukwenza lula ukukhiqizwa kwamakhandlela nemikhiqizo yebutho. Ekupheleni kwengxabano, u-Adolfo Orsi uphelelwa wumdlandla wokujaha, kodwa abafowethu abathathu baseMaserati bayaqhubeka nokugcina iphupho labo "lokugijima" ngenxa yezimoto ezingekho mgwaqo ezazifihlwe eMilan ngesikhathi sokulwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic Ocean ULouis Nash iwina ama-edishini amabili omjaho odumile wokukhuphuka Amapiki Peak (1946 no-1947) eshayela imoto iTrident.

Ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kwe-serial

La I-A6 GCS kusukela ngo-1947 - isifinyezo sika-Alfieri, amasilinda ayi-6 (injini 2.0 l. Maserati eyenziwe ngabazalwane uBindo, u-Ernesto no-Ettore ngaphambi kokushiya inkampani (efuna ukugxila ekwenzeni amamodeli) azotholakala I-OSCA. Imoto yokuqala ye-Modena etholakala emphakathini jikelele I-A6 1500: eyethulwe kuGeneva Motor Show yangonyaka ofanayo, yakhelwe I-Pininfarina bese uqoqa okukodwa injini 1.5 emugqeni oyisilinda eyisithupha.

Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yezemidlalo iyaqhubeka nokufika: ngo-1948, i-House of the Trident ibuya ukuwina enye ye- Izilingo ezinkulu – Monte Carlo nge UGiuseppe Farina kanye ne-4CLT ne-Silverstone ne-Villoresi kanye ne-4CLT / 1948 - futhi ngonyaka ozayo i-Swiss UTulo de Graffenried iwina futhi esifundeni saseBrithani.

Ama-50's

Ama-50s aqale kabi nge- Maserati ngenxa yokungqubuzana okwandayo kobudlova phakathi U-Adolfo Orsi nabasebenzi bakhe: ama-Foundries aze ahlaliswe yi-cooperative. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umenzi ovela kuModena ukwazile ukubamba iqhaza ebugebengwini bokuqala bomhlaba ngo-1950. F1 umlando wayo futhi uthola umsamo wokuqala emjahweni wesibili wesizini lapho umshayeli waseMonaco ULouis Chiron ikhaya iGrand Prix iphela endaweni yesithathu.

Ngo-1952, umfelandawonye osebenza izisekelo e-Modena waqedwa futhi izinyunyana ngokwazo zacela u-Orsi ukuthi abuye azophatha inkampani. Waqashwa umshayeli ongcono kakhulu waleyo minyaka - owase-Argentina. UJuan Manuel Fangio - okuyinto, nokho, engazange iqale kuze kube ngu-1953 ngenxa yengozi ye-F2 (i-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho ephukile) eyamenza waphuthelwa isizini yonke.

Ukunqoba kokuqala Maserati in F1 ifika kwi-Grand Prix yase-Italy ngo-1953 ibonga uFangio nethimba lakhe I-A6 GCM... Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Orsi, ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela emadodeni odadewabo, uphoqeleka ukuthi ahlanganyele abaphathi bezinkampani zakhe phakathi kwamalungu omndeni ahlukahlukene, azishiyele yena nendodana yakhe. Omar ukulawula ama-workshops (imishini namathuluzi wemishini).

I-250F

La 250Fokuhloselwe ukubamba iqhaza Umhlaba weF1 1954 futhi ifakwe injini 2.5 240 hp isabhekwa njengenye yezimoto ezihamba phambili ezihlala abantu bonke kunakuqala. UFangio unenkontileka no Mercedes kepha ngenkathi elinde ukuthi imoto yaseJalimane ilungele, ucela (bese ethola) ithuba lokubamba iqhaza kumaGrand Prix amabili okuqala onyakeni (i-Argentina neBelgium) emotweni iTrident: uwina womabili futhi abe ngumpetha womhlaba ekugcineni kwesizini.

Ngo-1956, iBrithani kwakuyiqhawe eliphelele lomjaho wamaModenese. ISterling Moss: ithinta ukunqoba emiqhudelwaneni yomhlaba eMonte Carlo naseMonza kanye ne-Argentina. UCarlos Menditegi unqoba iBuenos Aires 300S ukunqoba kokuqala komkhiqizo emjahweni kwi-World Championship for Sports Prototypes.

Inganekwane yango-1957

1957 - unyaka omuhle kakhulu emlandweni Maserati: UFangio uba ngumpetha womhlaba wonke we-F1 okwesihlanu futhi okokugcina emsebenzini wakhe enqobe ezine (i-Argentina, iMonte Carlo, iFrance neJalimane) kanye nababili abagijimayo kwiGrand Prix eyisikhombisa. Ngawo lowo nyaka kukhishwe imoto yokuqala enkulu iTrident: I-3500 GT, imodeli eguqula ngokusemthethweni uhlobo lweModenese lube ngumakhi wemoto ogcwele.

Inkinga

Kusuka ezinkanyezini kuye kumanikiniki: 1958 U-Adolfo Orsi yazithola isenkingeni ngenxa yokwehluleka kukahulumeni wase-Argentina ukukhokhela ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwemishini yokugaya. Uthengisa iziza eziningana, uthengisa ifektri yamathuluzi enkampanini yangaphandle, bese ethola umbuso ukuphathwa okulawulwayo... Ukhokha bonke abakweletayo, kepha uphoqeleka ukuthi avale umnyango wezemijaho: usakwazi ukuletha bonke abasebenzi bakhe kwenye indawo, ngisho nezimbangi zakhe ezifungelwe uFerrari.

Ama-60's

Ama-60s avulwa ngempumelelo yakamuva kuma-World Sports Prototypes we. Maserati: kodwa Thayipha 61 ngaphansi komyalo we-USA Amaqabane okhuphukela esigabeni esiphezulu somsamo I-1000 km ukusuka eNürburgring kusukela ngo-1961 sibonga i-Yankees duet ku- UMasten Grigory e ULloyd Kasner... Ngawo lowo nyaka I-3500 GTI, ulimi lokuqala lwesiNtaliyane kusukela injini ad umjovo.

1963 unyaka lapho I-Mistral (imoto yokugcina iTrident inikwe amandla yinjini eyindilinga eyisi-cylinder ebolekwe ku-250F) futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, I-Quattroporte: yini eyayiyisidani esisheshayo emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi, yethulwa embukisweni wezimoto iTurin Motor Show futhi yanikwa amandla yinjini enamandla engu-4.1 V8 eno-260 hp.i-flagship U-Emilian ufike ngejubane elikhulu elingu-230 km / h.

Ukunqoba kokugcina Injini yeMaserati in F1 ihlehlela emuva ku-1967 lapho iMexico UPedro Rodriguez iwina iSouth African Grand Prix yokushayela eyodwa Bambisana... Ngawo lowo nyaka Ghibli, yakhelwe imoto yokuqala yakwaModena UGiorgetto Giugiaro: kuzoba nempumelelo.

Isikhathi seCitroën

Ngo-1968 ama-60% wamasheya eMaserati adluliselwa ku Citroën: U-Orsi uhlala enguMongameli u-Emeritus kanti u-Omar usebenza eBhodini labaQondisi elibhekele umkhakha wezohwebo. Inkampani yaseFrance isebenzisa izinjini zamaModenese ukudala amamodeli afana ne-SM, kanti uhlobo lweTrident luthola obunye bobuchwepheshe kumenzi we-transalpine onjenge ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic.

Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva - kanyekanye nokwethulwa imibimbi (Oyedwa unqamukile a injini emaphakathi ozalelwe ukweba amakhasimende eLamborghini Miura) - umndeni Bears nakanjani kuphuma Maserati kodwa ngo-1973 - ngenxa yenkinga kawoyela - umndeni UMichelin, umnikazi weCitroën, uthengisa umkhiqizo waseFrance I-Peugeot futhi abanikazi abasha banquma ukuqeda umkhiqizo wezemidlalo odumile ku-Emilia..

L'era de Tomaso

Ngenxa yemali yomphakathi evela ku- IGepi (Inkampani Yokuphathwa Kwezimboni kanye Notshalomali) usomabhizinisi wase-Argentina U-Alejandro de Tomaso ithola ingxenye ebalulekile yamasheya eMaserati: ikhokha izikweletu zenkampani futhi itshala amamodeli amasha njengesizukulwane sesithathu I-Quattroporte (1979, idizayini yeGiugiaro) kanye IBiturbo (1981), i-sedan/coupe enezicabha ezimbili eyaziwa ngokuthengeka kwayo kodwa ukwethembeka okungabazekayo ngenxa yesikhathi esincishisiwe sokuklama. Imoto - iqoqwe phakathi Milan emafemini Ungenacala - ithola impumelelo emangalisayo, kodwa ithinta kabi isithombe somkhiqizo.

Ukuguquka kweFiat

ku-1993 Maserati iya eqenjini lakwaFiat, okuthi eminyakeni emine kamuva lithengise ama-50% wamasheya enkampani Ferrari. Imoto yokuqala yeTrident eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwabaphathi abasha iThe Trident. I-3200 GT Idizayinwe nguGiugiaro, yethulwa embukisweni wezimoto waseParis ngo-1998, unyaka ngaphambi kokushintshwa okugcwele kohlobo lweModenese luye eCavallino.

Ngo-2001, u-Emilian wabuyela emakethe yase-US nge Spyderkukhonjiswe eFrankfurt Motor Show: iMaserati yokuqala eyake yafakwa Isivinini nama-paddles esiteringini, inolayini ofana ne-3200 GT, kodwa ifaka amalambu wangemuva angejwayelekile wendabuko, i-chassis eyenziwe kabusha (isondo elifushane), injini 4.2 I-Ferrari V8 ne-powertrain I-Gearbox (ngemuva ebhokisini elinomehluko).

Buyela ezindabeni zomjaho nezomkhiqizo

U-2003 unyaka obalulekile Maserati: isizukulwane sesihlanu I-Quattroporte (yethulwe eFrankfurt) iyi-Trident yokuqala eyakhiwe ngu I-Pininfarina isigamu sekhulu leminyaka kamuva futhi unqoba amaklayenti amaningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngo-2004 sibona ukubuyela okusemthethweni emjahweni (eminyakeni engama-47 kamuva) no MC12: imoto efakwe injini engu-6.0 V12 kanye ne-monocoque fiber chassis. ikhabhoni, bamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni I-FIA GT futhi iwina ukunqoba kokuqala esifundeni saseJalimane oschersleben ngeFinnish UMika Salo futhi ne- yethu Andrea Bertolini.

Phakathi kuka-2005 no-2009 kuzoba neziqu ezine zezindiza (ezintathu ze-duo ezibandakanya uBertolini kanye neJalimane. UMichael Bartels futhi eyodwa ngeyethu UThomas Biaggi), izihloko ezimbili zabakhi (2005 no-2007, lapho I-Gran Turismo kuboshelwe I-Pininfarina) kanye nemidlalo emihlanu elandelanayo yeqembu I-Vitafon... Ngo-2010, uchungechunge lwe-FIA GT lushintshe igama lalo laba yi- Umhlaba we-GT1 kodwa imiphumela ihlale injalo: Ukunqoba kweNdebe Yomhlaba kuBartels noBertolini kanye nokubusa phakathi kwamaqembu eVitaphone.

Ububanzi be Maserati ucebile ngo-2013 ngokusha okusha amafulegi: isizukulwane sesithupha iQuattroporte (esethulwe eDetroit) nodadewabo omncane Ghibli, manje ochungechungeni lwayo lwesithathu (ngokokuqala ngqa oluneminyango engemuva) futhi yakhelwe esitezi esifinyeziwe.