Umlando wohlobo lwemoto yakwaVolkswagen
IVolkswagen ingumkhiqizi wezimoto waseJalimane onomlando omude. Izimoto ezithwala abagibeli, amaloli, amakhumbi kanye nezingxenye ezahlukene zikhipha ama-conveyors emafekthri alokho okukhathazayo. Ngama-30s wekhulu elidlule eJalimane, izimoto zikanokusho kuphela, ezibizayo zanikezwa emakethe yezimoto. Izisebenzi ezivamile azizange ziphuphe ngisho nokutholwa okunjalo. Abakhiqizi bezimoto bebenentshisekelo yokukhiqiza izimoto zabantu abaningi futhi bebelwela le ngxenye yemakethe.
UFerdinand Porsche ngaleyo minyaka wayenesithakazelo hhayi kuphela ekudalweni kwezimoto zomjaho. Wachitha iminyaka eminingi ekuklameni nasekwakheni umshini wosayizi omncane ofanele abantu abavamile, imindeni, izisebenzi ezivamile ezazingakwazi ukukhokhela isithuthuthu ngaleso sikhathi. Wazibekela umgomo wokwenza umklamo omusha wemoto. Akumangalisi ukuthi igama elithi "Volkswagen" lihunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi "imoto yabantu." Umsebenzi wokukhathazeka bekuwukukhiqiza izimoto ezifinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu.
Umsunguli
Ekuqaleni kwawo-30s, idolobha lekhulu lama-20, u-Adolf Hitler, wayala umklami uFerdinand Porsche ukuthi akhiqize ngobuningi izimoto ezizokwazi ukufinyeleleka kwabaningi futhi ezingadingi izindleko ezinkulu zokuzilungisa. Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili, uJosef Ganz wayesevele edale amaphrojekthi amaningi we-prototype wezimoto ezincane. Ngo-33 wethula i-Superior imoto emphakathini, esikhangisweni lapho incazelo yegama elithi "imoto yabantu" yaqala ukuzwakala. U-Adolf Hitler ukuhlole kahle lokhu okusha futhi waqoka uJosef Ganz njengenhloko yephrojekthi entsha yakwaVolkswagen. Kodwa amaNazi awakwazanga ukuvumela umJuda ukuba abe ubuso bomsebenzi obaluleke kangaka. Kulandelwe zonke izinhlobo zemikhawulo, ezingavimbeli nje kuphela uJosef Ganz ukuthi ahole ukukhathazeka, kodwa futhi kwamncisha ithuba lokukhiqiza imoto eyiSuperior. UGantz waphoqeleka ukuba abaleke ezweni waqhubeka nokusebenza kwenye yezinkampani zakwaGeneral Motors. Abanye abaklami nabo benza umnikelo wabo ekwakhiweni "kwemoto yabantu", okuhlanganisa uBela Bareni, u-Czech Hans Ledvinka kanye no-Edmund Rumpler waseJalimane.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenzisana neVolkswagen, iPorsche ikwazile ukwakha izimoto ezincane ezinenjini yangemuva zezinye izinkampani. Yibo ababekhonza njengezibonelo zesikhathi esizayo esidumile emhlabeni wonke "ibhungane". Akunakwenzeka ukubiza umklami oyedwa ongumdali wokuqala wezimoto zakwaVolkswagen. Lona umphumela womsebenzi wabantu abaningi, amagama abo nje awaziwa kangako, futhi ukufaneleka kwabo kukhohliwe.
Izimoto zokuqala zabizwa ngeKDF-Wagen, futhi zaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1936. Babonakala ngesimo somzimba esiyindilinga, injini epholile yomoya nenjini etholakala ngemuva emotweni. NgoMeyi 1937, kwasungulwa inkampani yezimoto, kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi yiVolkswagenwerk GmbH.
Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo yesitshalo seVolkswagen yaqanjwa kabusha kwathiwa yiWolfsburg. Abadali bazibekele umgomo wokwethula umhlaba ngesitshalo esiyisibonelo. Amagumbi okuphumula, izihlambi kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo zenzelwa abasebenzi. Ifektri yayinemishini yakamuva, eminye yayo yathengwa e-United States, amaJalimane ayethule ngokufanele ngayo.
Waqala kanjalo-ke umlando womkhiqizi wezimoto odumile emhlabeni wonke, namuhla othatha indawo ebalulekile emakethe yezimoto. Onjiniyela abaningi babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, ngamunye wabo waba nesandla ekwakhiweni kwe "imoto yabantu". Ngaleso sikhathi, ikhono lokudala imoto eyayizotholakala kubantu abaningi lalibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kwavula amathuba amaningi amasha esikhathini esizayo, ngenxa yokuthi namuhla kukhona imoto cishe kuyo yonke imindeni. Ukushintsha umqondo wokukhiqizwa kwezimoto kanye noshintsho lwenkambo ngokugxila ezakhamuzini ezivamile kuveze imiphumela emihle.
Isifanekiselo
Uhlobo lwemoto ngalunye lunophawu lwalo. IVolkswagen ijwayelekile kwabaningi ngamagama nangezimpawu. Inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu "V" kanye "W" embuthanweni ihlotshaniswa ngokushesha nokukhathazeka kweVolkswagen. Izinhlamvu ziyaphelelisana ngokwe-laconically, njengokungathi ziyaqhubeka futhi zakha ukwakheka okubalulekile. Imibala yelogo nayo ikhethwa enencazelo. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhlotshaniswa nokuphakama nokuthembeka, kuyilapho umhlophe uhlotshaniswa nobukhosi nobumsulwa. Kulezi zimfanelo iVolkswagen egxile kuzo.
Eminyakeni edlule, isibonakaliso sidlule ekuguqulweni okuningi. Ngo-1937, futhi kwakuyinhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezimbili ezizungezwe yi-cogwheel enamaphiko e-swastika. Kusekupheleni kweminyaka engama-70 kuphela lapho kwenziwa izinguquko ezinkulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwafakwa okokuqala imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, izinhlamvu ezimhlophe zazisemgqeni ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, onjiniyela banqume ukwenza ilogo ibe ntathu. Lokhu kufinyelelwe ngenxa yokushintshwa kombala, izithunzi nokugqama. Kwakunomuzwa wokuthi izinhlamvu ezimbili ze-volumetric zitholakala ngaphezu kwendilinga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kunempikiswano yokuthi ngubani ngempela umdali welogo yakwaVolkswagen. Ekuqaleni, ilogo yayinemidwebo yamaNazi futhi yayifana nesiphambano esimile. Kamuva isibonakaliso sashintshwa. Umbhali wabiwa nguNikolai Borg noFranz Reimspiess. Umdwebi uNikolai Borg wanikwa igunya lokwenza i-logo. Uhlobo olusemthethweni lwenkampani lubiza umklami uFranz Reimspies njengomdali weqiniso welinye lama-logo abonakala kakhulu emhlabeni.
Umlando womkhiqizo wezimoto kumamodeli
Khumbula ukuthi sikhuluma "ngemoto yabantu", ngakho abathuthukisi bachaza ngokucacile imfuneko yokwakhiwa kwemoto. Kufanele ikwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abahlanu, isheshise ifike kumakhilomitha ayikhulu, ibize kancane ukufaka uphethiloli, futhi ikwazi ukuthengeka kubantu besigaba esiphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, iVolkswagen Beetle edumile yavela emakethe yezimoto, eyathola igama ngenxa yesimo sayo esiyindilinga. Le modeli yaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngobuningi kwaqala.
Ngesikhathi sempi, lesi sitshalo sasiqeqeshwa kabusha ngenxa yezidingo zamasosha. Kwabe sekuzalwa iVolkswagen Kübelwagen. Isidumbu semoto besivulekile, kufakwe injini enamandla, futhi bekungekho i-radiator ngaphambili ukuze kuvikelwe imoto ezinhlamvu nasemonakalweni ongaba khona. Ngalesi sikhathi, amandla ezigqila ayesetshenziswa efektri; iziboshwa eziningi zazisebenza lapho. Ngesikhathi seminyaka yempi, lesi sitshalo sonakaliswa kakhulu, kepha kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi, kwakhiqizwa okuningi kuso ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zempi. Ngemuva kokuphela kobutha, iVolkswagen yanquma ukuvalelisa lo msebenzi unomphela futhi ibuyele ekukhiqizeni izimoto zabantu.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s, ukukhathazeka kwakugxile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amamodeli okuhweba. Imoto encane yohlobo lweVolkswagen Type 2 yaduma kakhulu.Yaphinde yabizwa ngebhasi lama-hippie, abalandeli bale subculture bakhethe lolu hlobo. Umbono ungokaBen Pon, ukukhathazeka kwawusekela futhi kakade ngo-1949 kwavela amabhasi okuqala avela kwaVolkswagen. Le modeli ayizange ibe nokukhiqizwa okukhulu njenge-Beetle, kodwa futhi ifanelwe ukuba yinganekwane.
IVolkswagen ayigcinanga lapho yanquma ukwethula imoto yayo yokuqala yezemidlalo.Izinga lempilo yabantu selikhule futhi sekuyisikhathi sokwethula iVolkswagen Karmann Ghia. Izici zomklamo womzimba zithonye intengo, kepha lokhu akuvimbanga ukufinyelelwa kwezinga elikhulu lokuthengisa, umphakathi wamukele ngentshiseko ukukhishwa kwale modeli. Ukuhlolwa kokukhathazeka akugcinanga lapho, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa kwethulwa okuguquguqukayo kweVolkswagen Karmann Ghia. Ngakho-ke ukukhathazeka kwaqala ukudlula kancane ngezimoto zomndeni futhi kunikela ngamamodeli abiza kakhulu futhi athakazelisa kakhulu.
Ushintsho emlandweni wenkampani kwaba ukudalwa komkhiqizo we-Audi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwatholwa izinkampani ezimbili ukuze zenze isigaba esisha. Lokhu kwenze bakwazi ukuboleka ubuchwepheshe babo bakha izinhlobo ezintsha okubalwa kuzo iPassat, Scirocco, Golf nePolo. Eyokuqala phakathi kwazo kwakuyiVolkswagen Passat, eyaboleka ezinye izici zomzimba nezici zenjini kwa-Audi. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuVolkswagen Golf, okubhekwa ngokufanelekile ukuthi "ithengwa kakhulu" yokukhathazeka kanye nemoto yesibili edayiswa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngama-80s, inkampani yayinabantu ababencintisana nabo ezimakethe zaseMelika nezaseJapan, ababenikeza izinketho ezingabizi kakhulu nezabhajethi. IVolkswagen ithenga enye inkampani yezimoto, okuyiSeat yaseSpain. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, singakhuluma ngokuphepha ngokukhathazeka okukhulu kweVolkswagen, okuhlanganisa izimboni eziningi ezahlukahlukene futhi kukhiqizwe izimoto zamakilasi ahlukahlukene.
Ngama-200s okuqala, amamodeli weVolkswagen ayethola ukuthandwa emhlabeni jikelele. Amamodeli adingeka kakhulu emakethe yezimoto yaseRussia. Ngasikhathi sinye, imodeli yeLupo yavela emakethe, eyathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwayo uphethiloli. Kule nkampani, ukuthuthuka emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okonga bekuhlala kufanelekile.
Namuhla iVolkswagen Group ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto ezidumile nezithandwayo emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi i-Audi, Seat, Lamborghini, Bentley, Bugatti, Scania, Škoda. Amafektri enkampani atholakala emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukukhathazeka kuthathwa njengokukhulu kunakho konke okukhona.
