Umlando wohlobo lwemoto eyi-MINI
Umlando wohlobo lwezimoto ze-MINI uyindaba yokuthi ukukhathazeka kwemoto eyodwa kungahamba isikhathi eside futhi kunzima kangakanani endleleni ende yokwakheka kwayo. IMINI uqobo lwayo iluchungechunge lwama-subcompact sedans, ama-hatchback nama-coupes. Ekuqaleni, umqondo wokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-MINI unikezwa iqembu lonjiniyela abavela eBritish Motor Corporation. Ukuthuthukiswa komqondo nomqondo, kanye nemoto iyonke, kubuyela emuva ku-1985. Lezi zimoto zithathe indawo yesibili efanelekile ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwamakhulu ochwepheshe bomhlaba "Imoto ehamba phambili yekhulu lama-XX."
Umsunguli
ULeonard Percy Lord, u-1 Baron Lambury KBE owazalwa ngo-1896, wayengumuntu ovelele embonini yezimoto yaseBrithani. Uqede isikole ngokuthambekela okuhle kwezobuchwepheshe, kepha lapho eneminyaka engu-16 waphoqeleka ukuthi ayobhukuda mahhala ngemuva kokulahlekelwa nguyise.
Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Lord waqala ukusebenzisa ngenkuthalo ulwazi lobuchwepheshe olutholwe esikoleni, futhi ngo-1923 weza eMorris Motors Limited, lapho asiza khona ukwenza ngcono zonke izigaba zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngo-1927, lapho uMorris ethola amalungelo okuphatha iWolseley Motors Limited, uLeonard wadluliselwa lapho ukuze athuthukise imishini nezinqubo zakhe zobuchwepheshe. Kakade ngo-1932 waqokwa njengomphathi jikelele eMorris Motors. Ngemuva konyaka nje, ngo-1933, ngenxa yokusebenza kwakhe kahle, uLeonard Lord wathola isikhundla sokuba umphathi omkhulu kuyo yonke inkampani iMorris Motors Limited futhi ngokushesha waba ngusozigidi.
Ngo-1952, ukulindelwa isikhathi eside kweNkosi ukuhlangana kwamafemu amabili - inkampani yakhe i-Austin Motor Company kanye neMorris Motors, eyayingumqondisi wayo eminyakeni yama-30s - kwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkampani entsha, iBritish Motor Corporation, yangena emakethe yezimoto yase-UK. Inkinga yeSuez eyaqubuka ngaleyo minyaka yayihlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kokulethwa kukawoyela. Kuyacaca ukuthi namanani kaphethiloli angashintsha.
Isimo samanje siphoqa u-Lord ukuthi enze imoto encane, ngenkathi icinene futhi ivulekile.
Ngo-1956, iBritish Motor Corporation, eholwa nguLeonard Lord, yakhetha iqembu labantu abayisishiyagalombili ukwenza imoto encane kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi. U-Alec Issigonis waqokwa njengenhloko yeqembu.
Le phrojekthi yanikezwa igama elithi ADO-15. Enye yezinhloso zokuthuthukisa le moto kwakuwukuphakama kwesiqu nokuhlala kahle kwabantu abane.
Ngo-1959, imodeli yokuqala yokusebenza, i -Orange Box, yayisuswe kulayini womhlangano. NgoMeyi, ukukhiqizwa kokuhambisa kolayini wokuqala kwethulwe.
Sekukonke, kuthathe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibili nohhafu ukudala izimoto zokuqala ebangeni le-MINI. Ngalesi sikhathi, iBritish Motor Corporation isilungiselele izindawo eziningi ezintsha futhi yathenga inani elanele lemishini yokukhiqiza izimoto zohlobo olusha. Onjiniyela basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu futhi benze izivivinyo eziningi ezingeziwe.
Isifanekiselo
Umlando wophawu lophawu lwezimoto iMINI ushintshile kanye nabanikazi bokukhathazeka ngezimoto. Ngenkathi amafektri ezimoto ehlanganiswa, kwakhiwa izinkampani ezintsha, ne-logo yashintsha.
Uphawu lokuqala lomkhiqizo wezimoto ze-MINI lwaluyisimo sombuthano, lapho imivimbo emibili efana namaphiko yelulwa yaya ezinhlangothini. Igama elithi Morris lalibhalwe kolunye uhlangothi, kolunye kwathiwa nguCooper. Uphawu lwenkampani lubekwe maphakathi nesibonakaliso. Eminyakeni edlule, ukuhlanganiswa kwamagama uMorris, Cooper no-Austin kuye kwashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile, kuhlangene esifanekisweni se-auto brand. Umqondo welogo nawo ushintshe kaningana. Ekuqaleni lawa kwakungamaphiko asuka embuthanweni. Kamuva, isibonakaliso sathatha isimo sesihlangu esinezitayela esinegama legama le-MINI.
Manje sibona ukuguqulwa kwakamuva kwelogo. Inezinhlamvu ezibhalwe “MINI” ngosonhlamvukazi bezingilizi ezinamafenda esimanje. I-logo inencazelo ezwakalayo. Kusho isivinini nenkululeko, ngokwakhiwa kwemoto encane. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "isondo elinamaphiko".
Ukuvuselelwa kwelogo kokugcina kwenzeka ngo-2018. Kusukela lapho, ihlala ingashintshi, noma kunjalo, abanikazi bemikhiqizo yesimanje bakhuluma ngokushintsha okusha kwesibonakaliso.
Umlando wemoto kumamodeli
Olayini bokuqala be-MINI babehlangene e-Oxford naseBirmingham. KwakunguMorris Mini Minor no-Austin Seven. Ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto kwenzeke ngaphansi kwamanye amagama ahlobene nobungako benjini. Phesheya kwezilwandle, lawa kwakungu-Austin 850 noMorris 850.
Imishayeli yokuqala yokuhlola ye-MINI ikhombise abathuthukisi ukungabi namandla okuvimba amanzi. Zonke izinkinga ezitholakele zitholakele zalungiswa yisitshalo. Ngo-1960, kwakhiqizwa izimoto ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nohhafu masonto onke. Le nkampani kungekudala izokhipha ukulungiswa okusha: UMorris Mini Traveler no-Austin Seven Countryman. Bobabili bakhulelwa njenge-sedan, kepha bahlala njenge-subcompact efanayo.
Ngo-1966, iBritish Motor Corporation neJaguar bahlangana baba yiBritish Motor Holdings. Abaphathi bamemezele ngokushesha ukudilizwa kwabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-10 000. Lokhu kudalwe wukwanda kokulawulwa kwezindleko zenkampani.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yamashumi ayisithupha, i-Austin Mini Metro iyavela futhi izuze ukuthandwa. Futhi, le modeli yaduma ngaphansi kwegama leMini Shortie. Leli gama lalingenxa yokuthi imodeli yayinesisekelo esifushane. Abadali abangahlelanga ukwenza le moto ukuthi ithengiswe ngobuningi. Inhloso yokwakha iMini Shortie kwakuyiqhinga lokukhangisa nokumaketha. Bakhiqizwa kuphela emzimbeni "ongaguquleka", unenjini engu-1,4 litre futhi awusheshanga ngokushesha ukudlula ku-140 km / h. Kwakunezimoto ezingaba ngu-200 kuphela ezakhiqizwa, futhi zimbalwa zazo ezazinophahla oluqinile nezicabha. Zonke "izinto eziguqukayo" zazingenayo iminyango, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka ugxumele kuzo ngaphezu kwezinhlangothi.
Ingxenye yezimoto ze-MINI yathuthukiswa futhi yakhiqizwa emafemini ahlukahlukene enkampani, ayeseSpain, e-Uruguay, eBelgium, eChile, e-Italy, eYugoslavia, njll.
Ngo-1961, unjiniyela odumile owayeqhamuka eqenjini le-Cooper, owayencintisana kuFormula 1, waba nentshisekelo kulayini iMini Cooper.Weza nomqondo wokuthuthukisa imoto ngokufaka injini enamandla athe xaxa ngaphansi kwesigqoko. Ngokulawulwa kwayo nokuhamba kwayo, injini eqinisiwe bekufanele yenze imoto ingalingani.
Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Imodeli ye-Mini Cooper S ebuyekeziwe vele ngo-1964 yaba ngumholi wezemijaho yomhlaba - iRally Monte Carlo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ilandelana, amaqembu abamba iqhaza kule modeli athola imiklomelo. Le mishini ibingeyesibili kunoma iyiphi. Ngo-1968, kwaba nomjaho wokugcina, owawuthola umklomelo.
Ngo-1968, kwenzeka okunye ukuhlangana. IBritish Motor Holdings ihlangana neLeyland Motors. Lokhu kuhlangana kwakha iBritish Leyland Motor Corporation. Ngo-1975 wanikwa igama elithi Rover Group. Ngo-1994, abakwa-BMW bathenga iRover Group, okwathi ngo-2000 kwagcina sekukhanseliwe iRover Group. I-BMW igcina ubunikazi bohlobo lwe-MINI.
Ngemuva kwakho konke ukuhlangana, onjiniyela bokukhathazeka bakhulisa ngenkuthalo izimoto ezicishe zifane nemodeli yakuqala ye-MINI yakudala.
Ngo-1998 kuphela, uFrank Stevenson uthuthuka futhi akhiqize iMini One R50 esivele ifakwa ezimbonini zeBMW. Imoto yokugcina yomugqa wokuqala iMini Mark VII imisiwe futhi yafakwa eBritish Motor Museum.
Ngo-2001, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zakwa-MINI kwaqala emafemini akwaBMW anohlobo lweMINI Hatch. Ngo-2005, inkampani inyusa isabelomali sayo ukuze ikhuphule ukuhamba kwezimoto ezikhiqizwa esitshalweni i-Oxford.
Ngo-2011, kwamenyezelwa ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezintsha zohlobo lweMINI lwezimoto. Izinto ezintsha zakhiwe ngesisekelo sezihlobo zazo eziphelelwe yisikhathi, kodwa ezifanele - iMini Paceman.
Esikhathini sethu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kagesi yomkhiqizo we-MINI kuyaqhubeka esitshalweni esidumile e-Oxford. Lokhu kwamenyezelwa ngonyaka we-2017 ngabakwa BMW.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Ngubani owenza iMini Cooper? UMini ekuqaleni wayengumkhiqizi wezimoto waseBrithani (owasungulwa ngo-1959). Ngo-1994, inkampani yathathwa yi-BMW ukukhathazeka.
Ayini amaMini Coopers? Umkhiqizo waseBrithani uhlukaniswa ubuqiniso obungabonakala kuwo wonke amamodeli. Le nkampani ikhiqiza ama-convertibles, izinqola zesiteshi kanye nama-crossovers.
Kungani iMini Cooper ibizwa kanjalo? Igama elithi Mini ligcizelela ubuncane bobukhulu bemoto, kanti uCooper igama lomsunguli wenkampani (uJohn Cooper), owakhiqiza izimoto zomjaho ezihlangene.
