Umlando wohlobo lwemoto uLada

Umlando wohlobo lomoto weLada uqale ngesitshalo esikhulu sezimoto i-OJSC Avtovaz. Lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhiqiza izimoto eRussia naseYurophu. Namuhla ibhizinisi lilawulwa yiRenault-Nissan neRostec. 

Ngenkathi yokuba khona kwebhizinisi, cishe izimoto ezibalelwa ezigidini ezingama-30 zihlanganisiwe, kanti inani lamamodeli cishe liyi-50. 

Umsunguli

Ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, zazingekho izimoto eziningi emigwaqweni. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uPobeda noMoskvich, okungewona wonke umndeni owawunamandla okukukhokhela. Vele, umkhiqizo onjalo ubudingeka onganikeza inani elidingekayo lezokuthutha. Lokhu kwenze abaholi beqembu laseSoviet bacabanga ngokwakha i-giant entsha embonini yezimoto.

NgoJulayi 20, 1966, ubuholi be-USSR banquma ukuthi kwakudingekile ukwakha isitshalo semoto eTogliatti. Lolu suku lwaba usuku lokusekelwa komunye wabaholi bemboni yezimoto yaseRussia. 

Ukuze isitshalo sezimoto sivele ngokushesha futhi siqale ukusebenza kahle, ubuholi bezwe buthathe isinqumo sokuthi kudingekile ukuheha ongoti bakwamanye amazwe. Umkhiqizo wezimoto wase-Italy i-FIAT, odume kakhulu eYurophu, wakhethwa njengomxhumanisi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1966 lokhu kukhathazeka kwakhipha i-FIAT 124, eyathola isihloko esithi "Car of the Year". Uhlobo lwemoto lwaba yisisekelo kamuva esaba yisisekelo sezimoto zokuqala ezifuywayo.

Izinga lokwakhiwa kwe-Komsomol kwesitshalo lalilikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo kwaqala ngo-1967. Imishini ye-giant entsha yezimboni yenziwa ngabasebenzi bezinkampani ze-844 ze-USSR kanye ne-900 yangaphandle. Ukwakhiwa kwemboni yezimoto kwaqedwa ngesikhathi sokurekhoda - iminyaka engu-3,5 esikhundleni seminyaka engu-6. Ngo-1970, isitshalo sezimoto sakhiqiza izimoto ezingu-6 - i-VAZ 2101 Zhiguli. 

Isifanekiselo

Uphawu lweLada lube nezinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uhlobo lokuqala olwaziwayo lwavela ngo-1970. I-logo kwakuyi-rook, eyayibhalwe njengegama “B”, elalisho ukuthi “VAZ” Incwadi yayise-pentagon ebomvu. Umbhali wale logo kwakungu-Alexander Dekalenkov, owayesebenza njengomakhi womzimba. Kamuva. ngo-1974, i-pentagon yaba yi-quadrangle, futhi isizinda sayo esibomvu sanyamalala futhi kwafakwa esimnyama. Namuhla isibonakaliso sibukeka kanjena: ku-oval on the blue (light blue) ngemuva kunesikebhe sesiliva ngesimo sohlamvu lwendabuko "B", olwenziwe ngohlaka lwesiliva. Le logo igxilile kusukela ngo-2002.

Umlando womkhiqizo wezimoto kumamodeli

Ngakho-ke, owokuqala emlandweni womholi wesitshalo saseSoviet kwaphuma imoto "Zhiguli" i-VAZ-2101, eyathola igama elithi "Kopeyka" phakathi kwabantu. Ukwakhiwa kwemoto kwakufana ne-FIAT-124. Isici esihlukile semoto kwakuyimininingwane yokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, yayinokwehluka okungaba ngu-800 kumodeli yangaphandle. Yayifakwe izigubhu, kwandiswa indawo yokuphuma, izingxenye ezinjengomzimba nokumiswa kwaqiniswa. Lokhu kwavumela imoto ukuba ivumelane nezimo zomgwaqo kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Imoto yayinenjini ye-carburetor, enezinketho ezimbili zamandla: 64 no-69 amahhashi. Ijubane lo modeli lingase lithuthuke libe ngu-142 no-148 km / h, liphuthuma kumakhilomitha ayikhulu ngemizuzwana engaphansi kuka-20. Yiqiniso, imoto yayidinga ukuthuthukiswa. Le moto iphawule ukuqala kochungechunge lwe-Classic. Ukukhululwa kwayo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1988. Sekukonke, emlandweni wokukhululwa kwale moto, cishe izigidi ezi-5 ze-sedan kuzo zonke izinguquko ziphuma emgqeni womhlangano.

Imoto yesibili - i-VAZ-2101 - yavela ngo-1972. Kwakuyikhophi yesimanje ye-VAZ-2101, kodwa i-back-wheel drive. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-trunk yemoto isibe ivulekile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imakethe enamandla kakhulu i-VAZ-2103 yavela emakethe, eyayivele ithunyelwe futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi iLada 1500. Le moto yayinenjini engu-1,5 litre, amandla ayo ayengu-77 amahhashi. Imoto ikwazile ukushesha yafika ku-152 km / h, yafika ku-100 km / h ngemizuzwana eyi-16. Lokhu kwenze ukuthi imoto incintisane ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe. Isiqu semoto sasisikwe ngopulasitiki, kwafakwa nokufakwa umsindo. Phakathi neminyaka engu-12 yokukhiqiza i-VAZ-2103, umenzi wakhiqiza izimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1,3.

Kusukela ngo-1976, i-Togliatti Automobile Plant ikhiphe imodeli entsha - i-VAZ-2106. okuthiwa "eziyisithupha". Le moto yaduma kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo. Injini yemoto kwaba 1,6-litre, amandla 75 amahhashi. imoto ithuthukiswe isivinini kufika ku-152 km / h. "Ayisithupha" athole izinto ezintsha zangaphandle, okuhlanganisa amasignali aphendukayo, kanye ne-grill ye-ventilation. Isici salo modeli ubukhona beswishi yewasha yomshini wokuwasha efakwe ngamasondo esiteringi, kanye ne-alamu. Bekukhona ne-low brake fluid level indicator, kanye ne-deshboard lighting rheostat. Ezinguqukweni ezilandelayo "eziyisithupha", kwase kukhona kakade umsakazo, izibani zenkungu, ne-heater yefasitela elingemuva.

Imoto elandelayo eyathandwayo ekhiqizwa isitshalo seTogliatti kwakuyiVaz-2121 noma iNiva SUV. Imodeli ibidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, ibinenjini engu-1,6 litre kanye nohlaka chassis. Ugearbox wemoto usunesivinini esine. Imoto yathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Amaphesenti angama-50 wamayunithi akhiqizwayo athengiswa emakethe yangaphandle. Ngo-1978 eBrno embukisweni wamazwe omhlaba le modeli yathathwa njengeyona ehamba phambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-VAZ-2121 ikhishwe ngenguqulo ekhethekile enenjini engu-1,3 litre, kanye nohlobo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwesokudla luye lwavela.

1979 kuya ku-2010 I-AvtoVAZ ikhiqize i-VAZ-2105. Imoto yaba ngumlandeli we-VAZ-2101. Ngokuya ngemodeli entsha, i-VAZ-2107 ne-VAZ-2104 bazobe sebekhululwa.

Imoto yokugcina evela emndenini we "Classic" yakhiqizwa ngo-1984. Kwakuyi-Vaz-2107. Umehluko Vaz-2105 lalinamalambu, amabhampa uhlobo olusha, ukupholisa hlupha futhi hood. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlalo semoto sesibe ntofontofo. Imoto ifakwe ideshibhodi ebuyekeziwe, kanye ne-air deflector ebandayo.

Kusukela ngo-1984, i-VAZ-210 Samara yaqala, okwakuyi-hatchback eneminyango emithathu. Imodeli ifakwe injini ezine-cylinder ngezinketho ezintathu zevolumu - 1,1. .3 kanye no-1,5, okungaba umjovo noma i-carburetor. imoto yayihamba ngamasondo angaphambili. 

Ukuvuselelwa kwesimodeli esedlule kwakuyi-VAZ-2109 "Sputnik", eyathola iminyango emi-5. Kubuye kube yimoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina zibhekane nezimo zomgwaqo ezingezinhle.

Imodeli yokugcina yenkathi yamaSoviet kwakuyi-VAZ-21099, eyayiyisicabha seminyango emine. 

Ngo-1995, i-AvtoVAZ yakhipha imodeli yokugcina ye-post-Soviet - i-VAZ-2110, noma "eyishumi". Imoto yayisezinhlelweni kusukela ngo-1989, kodwa ezikhathini ezinzima zenkinga, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuyikhulula. Imoto ifakwe injini ngokuhlukahluka okubili: 8-valve 1,5-litre 79 amahhashi noma 16-valve 1,6-litre 92 amahhashi. Le moto ngeyakwaSamara.

Kuze kube sekukhishwa i-LADA Priora, iningi lama-restyling "amashumi" anemizimba ehlukene akhiqizwa: i-hatchback, coupe kanye ne-station wagon.

Ngo-2007, isitshalo semoto sakhipha i-VAZ-2115, eyayiyi-sedan eneminyango emine. Lesi yisamukeli se-VAZ-21099, kepha esivele ifakwe i-spoiler, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwebhuleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-bumpers apendwe ngombala wemoto, kwakukhona ama-sill ahlehlisiwe, amalambu wangemuva amasha. Kuqala imoto ibinenjini engu-1,5 no-1,6 litre carburetor. Ngo-2000, imoto kabusha ifakwe iyunithi amandla umjovo multipoint uphethiloli.

Ngo-1998, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa minivans ukukhiqizwa yasekhaya - Vaz-2120. Imodeli yayinenkundla emide futhi idonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Nokho, umshini onjalo wawungekho isidingo futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwaphela.

Ngo-1999, imodeli elandelayo yavela - "Lada-Kalina", eyakhiwe kusukela ngo-1993. Ekuqaleni, i-debut yenzeke ngomzimba we-hatchback, bese i-sedan ne-station wagon yakhululwa. 

Isizukulwane esilandelayo sezimoto zakwaLada-Kalina sikhiqizwe kusukela ngoJulayi 2007. Manje uKalina ubenenjini engu-1,4 litre enama-valve ayi-16. NgoSepthemba, imoto yathola uhlelo lwe-ASB. Imoto ibilokhu iguqulwa njalo.

Kusukela ngo-2008, amaphesenti angama-75 amasheya e-AvtoVAZ aphethwe yiRenault-Nissan. Ngemuva konyaka, imboni yezimoto yabhekana nobunzima obukhulu bezezimali, ukukhiqizwa kwehliswa izikhathi ezi-2. Njengokwesekwa kombuso, kwabiwa ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25, futhi uhla lwemodeli yebhizinisi leTogliatti lufakiwe ohlelweni lukahulumeni lokuxhasa amanani wemalimboleko yezimoto. Inkampani yakwaRenault ngaleso sikhathi yaphakamisa ukuthi kukhiqizwe izimoto zeLada, Renault neNissan ngesisekelo sebhizinisi. Kakade ngoDisemba 2012, kwakhiwa ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kweRenault nenkampani yombuso iRostec, eyaqala ukuba namaphesenti angaphezu kwama-76 wamasheya e-AvtoVAZ.

UMeyi 2011 ubhalwe ngokukhishwa kwemoto yesabelomali iLADA Granta, ebisuselwa emotweni yeKalina. Ukubuyisela kabusha ngomzimba we-liftback kwaqala ngo-2013. Imoto ifakwe injini kaphethiloli enomjovo kaphethiloli, umthamo wayo ingu-1,6 litres. Imodeli yethulwa ngokuhluka kwamandla amathathu: 87, 98, 106 amahhashi. Imoto ithole u-gearbox ozishintshayo.

Imodeli elandelayo Lada Largus. Imoto ikhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezintathu: iveni yezimpahla, inqola yesiteshi kanye nenqola enamandla akhulayo. Izinketho ezimbili zokugcina zingaba yizihlalo ezi-5 noma ezingu-7. 

Namuhla uhlelo lweLada lunemindeni emihlanu: inqola yesiteshi seLargus, i-Kalina liftback ne-sedan, kanye nemodeli eneminyango emithathu noma emihlanu ye-4x4. Yonke imishini ihambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo zaseYurophu. Amamodeli amasha nawo ayalungiselelwa ukukhishwa.