Umlando wohlobo lwemoto i-GAZ
IGorky Automobile Plant (isifinyezo seGAZ) ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu embonini yezimoto yaseRussia. Imininingwane eyinhloko yenkampani igxile ekukhiqizeni izimoto, amaloli, amabhasi amancane, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezimoto. Indlunkulu itholakala eNizhny Novgorod.
Umlando webhizinisi uhlehlela emuva ezikhathini ze-USSR. Lesi sitshalo sasungulwa ngo-1929 ngesinqumo esikhethekile sikahulumeni waseSoviet sokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwasayinwa isivumelwano nenkampani yaseMelika iFord Motor Company, nayo eyayifanele ukuhlomisa iGAS ngosizo lobuchwepheshe ukusungula umkhiqizo wayo. Le nkampani ibihlinzeka ngoxhaso lobuchwepheshe iminyaka engu-5.
Njengesibonelo semodeli yokwakha izimoto zesikhathi esizayo, i-GAZ yathatha amasampula wozakwethu waphesheya njengoFord A no-AA. Abakhiqizi babona ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthuthuka okusheshayo komkhakha wezimoto kwamanye amazwe, kuzodingeka basebenze kanzima benze ngcono eziningi ezibalulekile.
Ngo-1932, kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo se-GAZ. I-vector yokukhiqiza yayigxile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamaloli, futhi kakade ekuphenduleni kwesibili - ezimotweni. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifushane, kwakhiqizwa inqwaba yezimoto zabagibeli, ezazisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izikhulu zikahulumeni.
Isidingo sezimoto sasikhulu, eminyakeni embalwa, siphumelele idumela elibalulekile njengomenzi wezimoto wasekhaya, i-GAZ yakhiqiza imoto yayo engu-100.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili (Great Patriotic War), uhla lwe-GAZ lwaluhloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zamasosha angaphandle komgwaqo, kanye namathangi ebutho. "Ithangi likaMolotov", imodeli ye-T-38, T-60 ne-T-70 yasungulwa esitshalweni se-GAZ. Ekuphakameni kwempi, kwaba nokunwetshwa kokukhiqizwa ekwakhiweni kwezikhali nezikhali.
Amafektri athola ukulimala okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu, okwathatha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukubuyisa, kepha kwabasebenzi abaningi. Kubonakalise nokumiswa okwesikhashana kokukhiqizwa kwamamodeli athile.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kabusha, yonke imisebenzi yayihloselwe ukuqala kabusha umkhiqizo. Amaphrojekthi wokukhiqiza iVolga neChaika ahlelwa. Kanye nezinguqulo zesimanje zamamodeli amadala.
Ngo-1997, kwasayinwa isenzo neFiat ukuze kuvunyelwane ngokwakhiwa kwebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe elibizwa ngeNizhegorod Motors. Okucacile okuyinhloko okwakuwukuhlangana kwezimoto ze Fiat.
Ekupheleni kuka-1999, inani lezimoto ezithengisiwe leqe amayunithi angama-125486.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elisha, kube namaphrojekthi amaningi okusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, futhi isibalo esikhulu sezinkontileka sisayiniwe nezinkampani ezahlukahlukene embonini yezimoto. Uhlelo lwezezimali aluzange luvumele i-GAZ ukuthi ibone konke okukhulelweyo, futhi ukuhlangana kwezimoto eziningi kwaqala ukwenziwa emagatsheni, nawo atholakala kwamanye amazwe.
Futhi, ngo-2000 kwaphawula inkampani omunye umcimbi: amasheya amaningi atholwe yi-Basic Element, futhi ngo-2001 i-GAZ yangena ku-RussPromAvto ephethe. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-4, igama lokubamba lashintshwa laba yi-GAZ Group, okuthi ngonyaka ozayo ithenge inkampani yokukhiqiza iveni yesiNgisi.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwaphothulwa izinkontileka ezibalulekile nezinkampani zangaphandle ezifana neVolkswagen Group neDaimler. Lokhu kukwazile ukukhiqiza izimoto zemikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe, kanye nokukhulisa ukufunwa kwazo.
Umsunguli
IGorky Automobile Plant yasungulwa nguhulumeni wase-USSR.
Isifanekiselo
Uphawu lwe-GAZ luyi-heptagon enohlaka lwensimbi olusiliva olunenyamazane ebhaliwe yombala ofanayo, otholakala kungemuva elimnyama. Ngezansi kunombhalo othi "GAS" onefonti ekhethekile
Abaningi bayamangala ukuthi kungani inyamazane idwetshwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto ze-GAZ. Impendulo ilula: uma ufunda indawo yaseNizhny Novgorod, lapho inkampani yavuselelwa khona, ungaqonda ukuthi indawo enkulu ingamahlathi, ahlala kakhulu amabhere nezinyamazane.
Yizinyamazane eziyizimpawu zengubo yezingubo zikaNizhny Novgorod futhi nguyena owanikezwa indawo yokuhlonishwa ku-radiator grille yamamodeli we-GAZ.
Uphawu oluyisimo senyamazane enezimpondo eziphakanyiswe ngokuziqhenya phezulu lufanekisela ukufisa, isivinini kanye nobukhulu.
Emamodeli okuqala, kwakungekho logo enenyamazane, futhi ngesikhathi sempi i-oval yayisetshenziswa nombhalo othi "GAS" obhalwe ngaphakathi, owenziwe ngesando nesikela.
Umlando wezimoto ze-GAZ
Ekuqaleni kuka-1932, imoto yokuqala yenkampani yakhiqizwa - kwakuyimodeli yezimpahla ze-GAZ-AA enesisindo sethani nesigamu.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwehla ibhasi elihlala abantu abangu-17 entanjeni yomhlangano, ifreyimu nesikhumba sayo okwakukhona ikakhulukazi ngokhuni, kanye ne-GAZ A.
I-M1 enenjini engu-4 cylinder kwakuyimoto yabagibeli futhi yayithembekile. Wayeyimodeli ethandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokuzayo, kwakukhona ukuguqulwa okuningi kwalesi simodeli, isibonelo, imodeli engu-415 enomzimba wokuthwala, namandla ayo adlula ama-400 kilogram.
Imodeli ye-GAZ 64 yakhiqizwa ngo-1941. Imoto evulekile enqamule izwe kwakuyimoto yamasosha futhi yayiqine kakhulu.
Imoto yokuqala yangemva kwempi eyakhiqizwa kwakuyiloli engu-51 eyisibonelo, eyaphuma ehlobo lika-1946 futhi yaqhosha ngendawo, inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu nomnotho. It ifakwe 6-isilinda amandla iyunithi, okuyinto athuthukiswe ijubane kuze 70 km / h. Kube nokuthuthuka okuningana kanye namamodeli wangaphambilini futhi namandla okuthwala imoto akhuphuke isikhathi esisodwa nohhafu. Yabuye yathuthukiswa ngezizukulwane eziningana.
Ngenyanga efanayo yonyaka ofanayo, "Ukunqoba" okudumile noma imodeli ye-M 20 sedan, eyaduma emhlabeni wonke, yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano. Idizayini entsha ngokuphelele yayikhanya ngokwangempela futhi yayingafani namanye amamodeli. Imodeli yokuqala ye-GAZ enomzimba othwala umthwalo, kanye nemodeli yokuqala yomhlaba onomzimba "ongenamaphiko". Ububanzi bekhabhinethi, kanye nemishini enesondo elizimele langaphambili lokumiswa, kwenze kwaba umsebenzi wobuciko embonini yezimoto yaseSoviet.
Imodeli yemoto yomgibeli 12 "ZIM" yakhululwa ngo-1950 ngeyunithi yamandla angu-6-cylinder, eyayinamandla aqinile futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi imoto esheshayo yenkampani, ekwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-125 km / h. Izinqubo ezintsha eziningi zobuchwepheshe nazo zethulwe ukuze zikhululeke kakhulu.
Isizukulwane esisha se-Volga sashintsha i-Pobeda ngo-1956 ngemodeli ye-GAZ 21. Umklamo ongenakuqhathaniswa, i-gearbox othomathikhi, injini efinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-130 km / h, amandla amahle kakhulu kanye nedatha yezobuchwepheshe inganikezwa nguhulumeni kuphela. ikilasi.
I-Seagull yathathwa njengesinye isibonelo seVictory. Imodeli ye-premium ye-GAZ 13 eyakhishwa ngo-1959 yayinezici ezifanayo ne-GAZ 21, iyisondeza ekunethezekeni okuphezulu nendawo yokuhlonishwa esisekelweni somkhakha wezimoto walezo zikhathi.
Inqubo yesimanje idlule namaloli. Izinhlobo ze-GAZ 52/53/66 zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Amamodeli asetshenziswe kahle kakhulu ngenxa yezinga lomthwalo elikhulisiwe, elithuthukiswe ngabakhiqizi. Ukuthembeka kwalezi zinhlobo kusasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
Ngo-1960, ngaphezu kwamaloli, ukulungiswa kwesimanje kwafinyelela eVolga naseChaika, futhi imodeli ye-GAZ 24 yakhishwa ngomklamo omusha neyunithi yamandla ne-GAZ 14, ngokulandelana.
Futhi ngawo-80s kwavela esinye isizukulwane sesimanje seVolga esinegama elithi GAZ 3102 ngamandla akhuphuke kakhulu wamandla ombane. Isidingo sasiphezulu ngokungavamile, kodwa kuphela phakathi kwezikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni, ngoba isakhamuzi esivamile sasingakwazi ngisho nokuphupha ngale moto.
