Umlando wamasondo emoto
Okuqukethwe
Selokhu kwethulwa amathayi wenjoloba we-pneumatic ngo-1888 emotweni ye-Benz esebenza ngophethiloli, ukuthuthuka kwezinto zokwakha nobuchwepheshe kwenze igxathu elikhulu. Amathayi agcwaliswe ngomoya aqala ukuduma ngo-1895 futhi abeyinsakavukela kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, nakuba kuyimiklamo ehlukahlukene.
Intuthuko yokuqala
Ngo-1905, ukunyathela kwavela okokuqala emathayini aphethwe umoya. Lesi kwakuyisiqephu sokuxhumana esijiyile esiklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukuguga nokulimala kwesondo lenjoloba elithambile.
Ngo-1923, kwasetshenziswa isondo lebhaluni lokuqala, elifana naleli elisetshenziswa namuhla. Lokhu kuthuthukise kakhulu ukuhamba nokunethezeka kwemoto.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenjoloba yokwenziwa yinkampani yaseMelika iDuPont kwenzeka ngo-1931. Lokhu kwayishintsha ngokuphelele imboni yezimoto njengoba amathayi manje esengashintshwa kalula futhi nekhwalithi ingalawulwa ngokunembe kakhulu kunenjoloba yemvelo.
Ukuthola i-traction
Intuthuko elandelayo ebalulekile yenzeka ngo-1947, lapho kwakhiwa isondo elingenawo umoya. Amashubhu angaphakathi ayengasadingeki njengoba ubuhlalu besondo bulingana buqinile onqenqemeni lwesondo. Lesi sigameko esiyingqopha-mlando sibe ngenxa yokwenyuka kokunemba kokukhiqiza kwabo bobabili abakhiqizi bamathayi namasondo.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ngo-1949, isondo lokuqala le-radial lakhiqizwa. Isondo le-radial landulelwe isondo elichema elinentambo egijima nge-engeli eya esitebhisini esivame ukuzulazula futhi sakhe izindawo eziphantshile lapho upaka. Isondo le-radial lathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphatha, lakhula ukuguga futhi laba yisithiyo esingathi sína ekusebenzeni okuphephile kwemoto.
Amasondo aqhuma ama-radial
Abakhiqizi bamathayi baqhubekile nokulungisa nokulungisa iminikelo yabo eminyakeni engama-20 eyalandela, ngokuthuthuka okukhulu okulandelayo okuza ngo-1979. Kwakhiqizwa isondo eligijimayo eligijimayo elingahamba lifike ku-50 mph ngaphandle komfutho womoya futhi lifike kumamayela ayi-100. Amathayi anodonga oluseceleni oluqiniswe kakhudlwana olukwazi ukusekela isisindo sesondo emabangeni alinganiselwe ngaphandle kwengcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali.
Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle
Ngo-2000, ukunaka komhlaba kwashintshela emikhubeni nemikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo. Ukusebenza kahle kunikezwe ukubaluleka okungakaze kubonwe, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokukhipha igesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Abakhiqizi bamathayi bebelokhu befuna izixazululo kule nkinga futhi sebeqalile ukuhlola nokwethula amathayi anciphisa ukumelana nokugingqika ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza nawo abelokhu efuna izindlela zokunciphisa intuthu ekhishwayo kanye nokwandisa izindawo zokukhiqiza ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Lezi ntuthuko ziphinde zandisa isibalo samasondo isitshalo esingawakhiqiza.
Intuthuko Yekusasa
Abakhiqizi bamathayi bahlale behamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngakho liphetheni ikusasa?
Intuthuko enkulu elandelayo isivele isiqalisiwe. Bonke abakhiqizi bamathayi abakhulu basebenza kanzima ngamathayi angenawo umoya, aqalwa ngo-2012. Ziyisakhiwo sokusekela esifana newebhu esinamathiselwe ku-rim ngaphandle kwekamelo lomoya lokwehla kwamandla emali. Amathayi angewona awomoya asika inqubo yokukhiqiza phakathi futhi enziwa ngento entsha engagaywa kabusha noma mhlawumbe iphinde ifundeke kabusha. Lindela ukusetshenziswa kokuqala ukuze ugxile ezimotweni ezihlanzekile njengezimoto zikagesi, ama-hybrids nezimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen.
