Intercooler yini emotweni

Abathandi bezimoto abaningi bavame ukusho ukuthi imoto yabo ifakwe injini ene-turbocharged. Yebo, wonke umuntu uzokujabulela ukusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-hood akanakho nje ukucindezela komkhathi, kodwa futhi ne-supercharger yomshini. Kepha iningi labo aliqondi kahle sonke isakhiwo sohlelo lwe-turbocharging yenjini.

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizozama ukukhuluma ngomunye wezingxenye ze-turbocharging, okungukuthi i-intercooler - ukuthi iyini emotweni, isimiso sokusebenza, futhi kungani i-intercooler iyadingeka ezinjinini ezine-turbocharged.

Yini i-intercooler

I-intercooler iyisisetshenziswa esiwumshini (esifana ne-radiator) esisetshenziselwa ukupholisa umoya owuthathayo we-turbine noma i-supercharger (i-compressor).

Yini i-intercooler?

Umsebenzi we-intercooler ukupholisa umoya ngemuva kokudluliswa nge-turbine noma nge-supercharger. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-turbine idala ukucindezela komoya, ngenxa yokucinana, umoya uyafudunyezwa, ngokulandelana, ngokuqina okunamandla nokuqhubekayo, izinga lokushisa ethekwini kuya kusilinda lingahluka kakhulu ekushiseni kwento yokupholisa.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Ama-Turbocharger asebenza ngokucindezela umoya, andise ukuminyana kwawo ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele kumasilinda ezinjini. Ngokucindezela umoya omningi, isilinda ngayinye yenjini iyakwazi ukushisa uphethiloli olinganayo, futhi idale amandla amaningi ngokushisa ngakunye.

Le nqubo yokucinana idala ukushisa okuningi. Ngeshwa, njengoba umoya ushisa, ubuye ube mncane kakhulu, kunciphise inani le-oxygen etholakala kusilinda ngasinye futhi kuthinte ukusebenza!

I-intercooler yenzelwe ukumelana nale nqubo ngokupholisa umoya ocindezelweyo ukuze inikeze injini umoya-mpilo omningi futhi ithuthukise amandla omlilo ku-cylinder ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokulawula ukushisa komoya, futhi kukhulisa ukuthembeka kwenjini ngokuqinisekisa umoya ofanele kukaphethiloli kwisilinda ngasinye.

Izinhlobo ze-Intercooler

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-intercooler ezisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukile:

Ngomoya

Inketho yokuqala i-intercooler yomoya-moya, lapho umoya ocindezelweyo udluliswa amashubhu amaningi amancane. Ukushisa kudluliswa kusuka kumoya oshisayo ocindezelweyo kule maphiko okupholisa, nawo apholiswe ukuhamba komoya okusheshayo okuvela emotweni ehambayo.

Lapho umoya opholile opholile usudlulile ngaphakathi kwe-intercooler, uyabe usufakwa ezingeni lokungenisa injini kaningi nasemasilindini. Ubulula, isisindo esincane kanye nezindleko eziphansi zama-intercoolers emoyeni nomoya kubenza babe ukhetho oluthandwa kakhulu ezimotweni eziningi ezine-turbocharged.

Amanzi omoya

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ama-intercoolers womoya-kuya-emanzini asebenzisa amanzi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelweyo. Amanzi apholile adonswa ngamashubhu amancane, athatha ukushisa emoyeni ocindezelweyo njengoba edlula kule divayisi. Lapho la manzi esha, abese edonswa nge-radiator noma isekethe lokupholisa ngaphambi kokungena kabusha ku-intercooler.

Ama-intercoolers womoya-kuya-emanzini athanda ukuba mancane kunama-intercoolers omoya-kuya-emoyeni, awenze afanele izinjini lapho isikhala siphezulu khona, futhi ngoba amanzi afudumeza umoya kangcono kunomoya, alungele ibanga lokushisa elibanzi.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kokuklama, izindleko, nesisindo esihambisana nama-intercoolers asemoyeni kuya emanzini kusho ukuthi bathambekele ekungajwayelekile futhi bafakwe ezinjinini zezimoto.

Ukubekwa kwama-intercoolers

Yize, ngokomqondo, ama-air intercoolers angatholakala noma yikuphi phakathi kwe-turbocharger nenjini, zisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kunokuhamba komoya okungcono, futhi zivame ukutholakala phambi kwemoto ngemuva kwe-grille enkulu ye-radiator.

Kwezinye izimoto, indawo lapho injini ikhona khona kuphambene nalokhu futhi i-intercooler ibekwa ngaphezulu kwenjini, kodwa ukuhamba komoya ngokuvamile kuncane lapha futhi i-intercooler ingachayeka ekushiseni okuvela enjinini uqobo. Kulezi zimo, kufakwe ama-air ducts noma ama-scoops angeziwe, akhulisa ukuhamba komoya.

Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo

Lapho ufaka noma yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezengeziwe, wonke umshayeli uhlale enaka ukufaneleka kokusebenzisa ingxenye noma uhlelo lonke. Ngokuqondene nokusebenza kwe-intercooler, umehluko phakathi kokuba khona nokungabikho kwayo uzwakala kahle. Njengoba saqonda, i-intercooler ipholisa umoya ofakwe enjinini nge-turbine. Njengoba i-supercharger isebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, inikeza umoya oshisayo enjinini.

Njengoba umoya oshisayo ungaminyene kangako, unomthelela ekushiseni okuphumelelayo kwengxube yamafutha omoya. Lapho umoya ubanda kakhulu, ukuminyana kwawo kuyanda, okusho ukuthi ioksijini eyengeziwe ingena kumasilinda, futhi injini ithola amandla engeziwe ehhashi. Isibonelo, uma upholisa umoya ongenayo ngama-degree angu-10 kuphela, injini izoba namandla cishe ngamaphesenti amathathu.

Kodwa ngisho noma uthatha ezivamile intercooler air (umoya udlula amashubhu kurediyetha), lapho-ke lapho ifika injini, izinga lokushisa bayokwehla mayelana 50 degrees. Kodwa uma i-intercooler yamanzi ifakwe emotweni, khona-ke ezinye izinguquko zinganciphisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ohlelweni lokuthatha injini ngama-degree angama-70. Futhi lokhu ukwanda kwamandla ngamaphesenti angama-21.

Kodwa lesi sici sizozibonakalisa kuphela enjini ye-turbocharged. Okokuqala, kuzoba nzima ngenjini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo ukumpompa umoya ngohlelo olunwetshiwe oluthathayo. Okwesibili, ohlelweni olufushane lokuthatha, umoya awunaso isikhathi sokushisa, njengasendabeni ye-turbine. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, akunangqondo ukufaka i-intercooler kuma-motor anjalo.

Ingabe ingasuswa?

Uma i-intercooler iphazamisa umnikazi wemoto ngandlela-thile, lolu hlelo lungaqedwa. Kodwa lokhu kungaba nengqondo kuphela uma imoto engakaze ifakwe lesi simiso ngaphambili. Futhi ngisho noma imoto ithuthukisiwe, ukungabikho kwe-intercooler kuzobonakala ngokushesha. Lapho ukufakwa kwe-intercooler kuholele ekwandeni kwamandla enjini ngamaphesenti angama-15-20, ukungabikho kwale ngxenye kuzobonakala ngokushesha.

Ingabe into ingasuswa?

Kodwa ngaphezu kokunciphisa amandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kwezinye izimo, ukudiliza i-intercooler kungase kuholele ekuwohlokeni kwenjini. Lokhu kungenzeka uma lolu hlelo luyingxenye yomklamo wezimoto, futhi lufakwe emishini yefekthri.

Kuma-ICE ane-turbocharged, akufanele ususe i-intercooler (futhi: uma kuyimpahla yasefekthri), ngoba inikeza ukupholisa okwengeziwe okudingekayo ukuze injini isebenze okwanele. Ngenxa yamazinga okushisa abucayi, izingxenye zayo zingase zehluleke.

Imibandela yokukhetha ukuzifakela yona

Uma kudingekile ukufaka i-intercooler emotweni (ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kwefektri, noma ngokuvamile njengesistimu entsha yenjini), lolu hlelo kufanele luhambisane nemingcele elandelayo:

• Indawo eyanele yesishintshi sokushisa. Njengoba wazi, umoya upholile ngenxa yenqubo yokushintshanisa ukushisa okwenzeka kurediyetha (inqubo efanayo yenzeka kurediyetha yesistimu yokupholisa injini). Lapho indawo ye-radiator inkulu, iphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo. Lena i-physics, futhi ayikho indlela yokuyiqeda. Ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukuthenga i-radiator encane - ngeke ikwazi ukwengeza inani elibonakalayo lamandla amahhashi. Kodwa ngisho nengxenye enkulu kakhulu ingase ingangeni ngaphansi kwe-hood.
• Isigaba esiphambanayo samapayipi esistimu. Akufanele usebenzise umugqa omncane (kunomoya omncane kuwo, ngakho-ke uzopholiswa kakhulu), ngoba kulokhu i-turbine izobhekana nomthwalo owengeziwe. Umoya kufanele uhambe ngokukhululeka ohlelweni.
• Isakhiwo sesishintshi sokushisa. Abanye abashayeli bezimoto bacabanga ukuthi irediyetha enezindonga ezishintshashintshayo zokushisa izosebenza kahle kakhulu. Eqinisweni, isistimu izoba nzima nakakhulu. Ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kokushisa kuphambene ngokulingana nobukhulu bezindonga: ubukhulu bawo obukhulu, buyancipha ukusebenza kahle.
• Ukuma komgwaqo omkhulu. Uma ukugoba kushelela ohlelweni, kuzoba lula ukuthi i-turbine iphushe umoya enjini. Ngakho-ke, okuthandwayo kufanele kunikezwe amashubhu e-conical, futhi ukugoba kwama-nozzles kufanele kube ne-radius enkulu kakhulu.
• Ukuqina. Kubalulekile ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa komoya ojikelezayo ohlelweni noma ukuvuza kwayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wonke amapayipi wesistimu kufanele alungiswe ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-intercoolers amanzi (ukuze isipholile esivela ohlelweni singakhihlizi).

Faka i-intercooler entsha

Uma imoto isivele ifakwe i-intercooler, uhlelo lungashintshwa ngokufaka ukuguqulwa okukhiqiza kakhulu. Njengoba sixoxile ekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuma kwamashubhu, indawo ye-radiator kanye nobukhulu bezindonga zomshini wokushisa lapho ukhetha.

Ukuze ushintshe ingxenye, uzodinga futhi ukuthenga amanye amapayipi, ngoba ama-analog amade azophuka emagodini, okuzoholela ekugelezeni komoya okungalungile kumasilinda. Ukushintsha i-intercooler, kwanele ukususa i-radiator endala, futhi esikhundleni salokho ufake entsha ngamapayipi afanelekile.

Izici zokusebenza kanye nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka

Ama-intercoolers amaningi asefekthri asebenza kahle isikhathi eside. Naphezu kwalokhu, basadinga ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwesistimu, elinye lamaphutha alandelayo lingabonakala:

• Ukucindezeleka komugqa. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kunengcindezi enkulu ohlelweni. Kulesi simo, ipayipi ingase iphule, noma i-coolant izoqala ukuvuza lapho kuhlangana khona (isebenza kuma-intercoolers amanzi). Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kungase kuboniswe ngokwehla kwamandla enjini ngenxa yokungapholi ngokwanele komoya ongena kumasilinda. Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka, amapayipi kufanele ashintshwe amasha, futhi kungcono ukubopha uxhumano olubi.
• Umgodi womgudu womoya ungcoliswe uwoyela. Inani elincane lokuthambisa lihlala lingena ku-intercooler ngenxa yokugcotshwa okuningi kwe-turbine. Uma injini serviceable waqala ukuthatha ilitha uwoyela engaphezu kweyodwa ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane 10, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi i-turbine ithatha uwoyela kakhulu.
• Ukulimala kweradiator. Ukulimala kwemishini kuvame ukutholakala kuma-intercoolers afakwe engxenyeni engezansi yekhompathimenti yenjini (ikakhulukazi abaningi bayifaka ngaphansi kweradiyetha yokupholisa enkulu).
• Amaphiko erediyetha avaliwe. Njengoba inani elikhulu lomoya lihlala lidlula endaweni yokushintsha ukushisa, ukungcola kuvela kumapuleti awo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ebusika noma entwasahlobo, lapho inani elikhulu lesihlabathi namakhemikhali liwela ku-radiator, etholakala ngaphansi kwe-bumper yangaphambili, okufafazwa ngayo imigwaqo.

Zenzele ngokwakho ukulungisa i-intercooler

Ukuze ulungise i-intercooler, kufanele ihlakazwe. Ubuqili bale nqubo buncike ohlotsheni lwedivayisi nendawo ekuyo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, kuyadingeka ukususa i-intercooler enjini ebandayo, futhi uhlelo lokuthungela kufanele luvaliwe.

Ukuze ulungise i-intercooler, ungadinga:

• Ukuhlanza kwangaphandle noma kwangaphakathi kwesishintshi sokushisa. Kuye kwenziwa amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ukuze enze le nqubo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlanza kanye nobunzima bomklamo we-radiator, inqubo yokuhlanza ingathatha amahora ambalwa. Uma umshini wokushisa ungcolile kakhulu, wehliselwa esitsheni esine-ejenti yokuhlanza amahora ambalwa.
• Ukuqedwa kwemifantu. Uma i-intercooler ingamanzi, futhi i-radiator yayo yenziwe nge-aluminium, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuyishintsha ibe entsha. Uma ezinye izinto zisetshenziswa, i-soldering ingasetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuthi impahla ye-patch ifane nensimbi lapho umshini wokushisa ngokwawo wenziwa khona.

Ukuze ulungise izinkinga eziningi ze-intercooler, asikho isidingo sokuxhumana nezikhungo zesevisi ezibizayo. Uma unolwazi kuma-radiators e-solder, khona-ke ngisho nokulimala komshini kusishintshi sokushisa kungaqedwa ngokwakho. Ungahlola ukuthi i-intercooler ilungiswe kahle kangakanani phakathi nohambo. Uma imoto iphinde yathola amandla ayo angaphambili, khona-ke ukupholisa umoya kwemoto kusebenza kahle.

Izinzuzo kanye nebubi bokusebenzisa i-intercooler

Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa i-intercooler ukukhulisa amandla enjini ene-turbocharged ngaphandle kwemiphumela engathandeki ngenxa yamaphutha okulungisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kwamandla amahhashi ngeke kuhlotshaniswe nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli owengeziwe.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwanda kwamandla kuze kufike kumaphesenti angu-20 kubonakala. Uma imoto ihlolwe ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo, lesi sibalo ngemva kokufaka i-intercooler sizoba phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kodwa ngezinzuzo zayo, i-intercooler inezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

1. Ukwanda kwepheshana lokungena (uma lesi simiso singeyona ingxenye yemishini evamile) njalo kuholela ekudalweni kokumelana nomoya ongena enjini. Esimeni esinjalo, i-turbine evamile izodinga ukunqoba lesi sithiyo ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elidingekayo lokuthuthukisa.
2. Uma i-intercooler ingeyona ingxenye yomklamo wesitshalo samandla, kuzodingeka isikhala esengeziwe ukuze uyifake. Ezimweni eziningi, le ndawo ingaphansi kwebhampa yangaphambili, futhi lokhu akuhlali kuyinhle ngaso sonke isikhathi.
3. Uma ufaka i-radiator ngaphansi kwe-bumper yangaphambili, lesi sici esengeziwe sivame ukulimala, njengoba siba yindawo ephansi kunazo zonke emotweni. Amatshe, ukungcola, uthuli, utshani, njll. kuzoba yikhanda elibuhlungu ngempela kumnikazi wemoto.
4. Uma i-intercooler ifakwe endaweni ye-fender, izikhala zizodinga ukunqunywa ku-hood ukuze kufakwe umoya owengeziwe.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nasi isifinyezo sevidiyo esifushane sokusebenza kwama-air intercoolers:

I-Intercooler yangaphambili! Yini, ngani futhi ngani?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-intercooler ye-diesel? Njengasenjinini kaphethiloli, umsebenzi we-intercooler eyunithi yedizili ukupholisa umoya ongena kumasilinda. Lokhu kuvumela umoya omningi ukuthi ugeleze phakathi.

Isebenza kanjani i-intercooler radiator? Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-radiator enjalo siyefana naleyo ye-radiator yokupholisa injini yangaphakathi. Kuphela ngaphakathi kwe-intercooler lapho umoya udonswa yinjini.

I-intercooler ingeza amandla angakanani? Kuncike ezicini zenjini. Kwezinye izimo, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ibonisa ukunyuka kwamandla amaphesenti angama-20. Ezinjinini zikadizili, irediyetha ifakwa phakathi kwe-compressor ne-multifold intake.

ЧKuzokwenzekani uma i-intercooler ivalekile? Uma ipholisa i-turbocharger, izothinta ukusebenza kwe-supercharger, okuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwayo. Uma i-intercooler isetshenziselwa ukupholisa umoya, kuzoba nokugeleza okungalungile kurediyetha evalekile.