imperial-amaphupho-duce
U-Benito Mussolini wenza izinhlelo zokwakha umbuso omkhulu wamakoloni. Umashiqela wase-Italy wathatha izinto zase-Afrika zeGreat Britain neFrance.
Emashumini eminyaka okugcina ekhulu le-30, iningi lamazwe akhangayo eZwekazi Elimnyama lase linababusi bawo baseYurophu. AmaNtaliyane, ajoyina amakoloni kuphela ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwezwe, aba nesithakazelo oPhondweni lwase-Afrika, olwalungakahlolisiswa ngokugcwele ngabaseYurophu. Ukwandiswa kwamakholoni esifundeni kwaqalwa kabusha ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX nguBenito Mussolini.
Ukuqala kokuba khona kwe-Italy oPhondweni lwe-Afrika kuhlehlela emuva ku-1869, lapho inkampani yemikhumbi yangasese ithenga indawo eGulf of Asab ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu kumbusi wendawo ukuze yakhe ichweba lapho lemikhumbi yayo. Kulokhu kube nengxabano ne-Egypt eyayithi inelungelo kule ndawo. Ngo-March 10, 1882, itheku lase-Asab lathengwa uhulumeni wase-Italy. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, amaNtaliyane asebenzisa ithuba lokuba buthakathaka kweGibhithe ngemva kokunqotshwa empini ne-Abyssinia futhi athatha iMassawa, eyayilawulwa abaseGibhithe, ngaphandle kokulwa - base beqala ukungena bejula e-Abyssinia, nakuba yamiswa ukunqotshwa e-Abyssinia. impi nabakwa-Abyssinia, eyalwiwa ngo-January 26, 1887, eduze nedolobhana laseDogali.
Ukunweba ukulawula
AmaNtaliyane azama ukulawula izindawo ezigudle uLwandlekazi i-Indian. Ngo-1888-1889, isivikelo sase-Italy samukelwa ababusi beHobyo kanye ne-Majirtin sultanates. Ithuba lokunwetshwa lavela oLwandle Olubomvu ngo-1889, lapho, ngemva kokufa koMbusi uJohn IV Kassa empini namaDervishes eGallabat e-Abyssinia, kwaqubuka impi yesihlalo sobukhosi. Khona-ke amaNtaliyane amemezela ukusungulwa kwekoloni lase-Eritrea oLwandle Olubomvu. Izenzo zabo zabe sezisekelwa amaNgisi, ayengakuthandi ukwanda kweSomalia yaseFrance (i-Djibouti yanamuhla). Amazwe asoLwandle Olubomvu ngaphambili okwakungowase-Abyssinia anikelwa ngokusemthethweni eMbusweni wase-Italy uMbusi wakusasa uMenelik II esivumelwaneni esasayinwa ngoMeyi 2, 1889 e-Uccilla. Umzenzisi wesihlalo sobukhosi sase-Abyssinian wavuma ukunikeza izifundazwe zika-Akele Guzai, Bogos, Hamasien, Serae kanye nengxenye yeTigray kumakoloni. Ngokubuyisela, wathenjiswa usizo lwezezimali lwase-Italy nezempi. Lo mfelandawonye, nokho, awuzange uhlale isikhathi eside, ngoba amaNtaliyane ayehlose ukulawula yonke i-Abyssinia, abayimemezela njengesivikelo sabo.
Ngo-1891, bathatha idolobha lase-Ataleh. Ngonyaka olandelayo, bathola imvume yokuqashisa iminyaka engu-25 yamachweba aseBrava, Merca naseMogadishu kuSultan waseZanzibar. Ngo-1908, iPhalamende lase-Italy lamukela umthetho lapho zonke izinto eziseSomalia zahlanganiswa zaba yisakhiwo esisodwa sokuphatha - iSomalia yase-Italy, eyazuza ngokusemthethweni isikhundla sokuba ikoloni. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1920, amaNtaliyane empeleni alawula ugu lwaseSomalia kuphela.
Esabela eqinisweni lokuthi amaNtaliyane aphatha i-Abyssinia njengesivikelo sabo, uMenelik II wasilahla iSivumelwano sase-Ucciala futhi ekuqaleni kuka-1895 kwagqashuka iMpi yase-Italo-Abyssinian. Ekuqaleni, amaNtaliyane aphumelela, kodwa ngoDisemba 7, 1895, abase-Abyssinians babulala ikholomu yase-Italy yamasosha angu-2350 e-Amba Alagi. Base bevimbezela amabutho edolobheni laseMekelle phakathi no-December. AmaNtaliyane abanikela ngoJanuwari 22, 1896 ukuze bahambe mahhala. Amaphupho ase-Italy okunqoba i-Abyssinia aphela ngokuhlulwa okuyihlazo kwamasosha abo empini yase-Adua eyalwa ngo-March 1, 1896. Kusuka eqenjini lezinkulungwane eziyi-17,7 AmaNtaliyane nama-Eritrea ngaphansi komyalo kaGeneral Oresto Baratieri, umbusi wase-Eritrea, abulala abangaba ngu-7. amasosha. Enye izinkulungwane ezi-3-4, kuhlanganise nabalimele abaningi, bathunjwa. Abase-Abyssinia, ababengaba ngu-4 wabulawa futhi 8-10 abayizinkulungwane balimele, bathumba izinkulungwane zezibhamu nezibhamu ezingama-56. Impi yaphela ngesivumelwano sokuthula esasayinwa ngo-Okthoba 23, 1896, lapho i-Italy yabona khona ukuzimela kwe-Abyssinia.
Impi yesibili ne-Abyssinia
Ukunqoba kwanikeza abase-Abyssinia amashumi ambalwa eminyaka okuthula okuhlobene, njengoba amaNtaliyane ebhekise ukunakekela kwawo endaweni yaseMedithera nasezindaweni zoMbuso Wase-Ottoman owawubola lapho. Ngemva kokunqoba amaTurkey, amaNtaliyane athola ukulawula iLibya kanye neziqhingi zaseDodecanese; nokho, indaba yokunqoba i-Ethiopia yaphinde yavela ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaBenito Mussolini.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-30, izigameko zaqala ukwanda emingceleni yase-Abyssinia namakoloni ase-Italy. Amasosha ase-Italy angena ajula kwelinye lamazwe amabili azimele ngaleso sikhathi e-Afrika. Ngo-December 5, 1934, impi yase-Italy neyase-Abyssinian yaba nempi endaweni yasemaphandleni e-Ueluel; isimo esibucayi saqala ukuba sibi. Ukugwema impi, osopolitiki baseBrithani nabaseFrance bazama ukulamula, kodwa akuphumelelanga ngoba uMussolini wayephusha impi.
Ngo-October 3, 1935, amaNtaliyane angena e-Abyssinia. Abahlaseli babenenzuzo kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphezu kwabase-Abyssinian. Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale impi, amakhulu ezindiza, izimoto zezikhali nezibhamu kwathunyelwa eSomalia nase-Eritrea. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, ukuze aphule ukumelana nesitha, amaNtaliyane aqhuba ukuhlasela okukhulu kwamabhomu futhi asebenzisa negesi yesinaphi. Isici esinqumayo ngenkambo yempi kwakuyimpi eyalwelwa ngoMashi 31, 1936 eduze kwaseCarrot, lapho kwahlulwa khona amayunithi amahle kakhulu kaMbusi uHaile Selasie. Ngo-April 26, 1936, ikholomu yemishini yase-Italy yaqala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi NgoNdasa we-Iron Will (uMarcia della Ferrea Volontà), omgomo wakhe wawuyinhloko-dolobha yase-Abyssinia - Addis Ababa. AmaNtaliyane angena kuleli dolobha ngo-4:00 ekuseni ngo-May 5, 1936. Umbusi nomkhaya wakhe badingiswa, kodwa abantu bakhe abaningi baqhubeka nempi yeqembu. Amasosha ase-Italy aqala ukusebenzisa i-pacification enonya ukuze acindezele noma yikuphi ukumelana. UMussolini wayala ukuthi bonke ababethunjiwe babulawe.
