Immobilizer ayiwuboni ukhiye

Kusukela ngo-1990, zonke izimoto zifakwe immobilizer. Uma kwenzeka kuba nezinkinga ekusebenzeni kwayo, imoto ayiqali noma izitebhisi ngokushesha, futhi ukhiye we-immobilizer ukhanyisa ekucoceni. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle ukhiye ophukile noma iyunithi yokuvikela, amandla ebhethri aphansi. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani imoto engaboni ukhiye, futhi immobilizer ayisebenzi njengoba kulindelekile, lesi sihloko sizosiza.

Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi i-immobilizer ayisebenzi?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuthi i-immobilizer ayiboni ukhiye:

• kudeshibhodi, inkomba yemoto enokhiye noma ingidi iyakhanya noma iyacwayiza;
• ikhompuyutha esebhodini inikeza amaphutha anjengokuthi “immobilizer, key, secret, njll.;
• lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, ukukhala kwepompo likaphethiloli akuzwakala;
• isiqalisi asisebenzi;
• isiqalisi siyasebenza, kodwa ingxube ayivuthi.

Izizathu zokuthi kungani i-immobilizer ingaboni ukhiye iwela ezigabeni ezimbili:

• i-hardware - ukuphulwa kwe-chip key noma iyunithi ngokwayo, izintambo eziphukile, ibhethri efile;
• isofthiwe - i-firmware indiza, ukhiye usuqedile ukuvimba, i-glitch immobilizer.

Uma kungekho izinkomba eziqondile zokuhluleka kwe-anti-theft lock, isheke elizimele le-immobilizer kufanele lenziwe ngemuva kokungabandakanyi ezinye izimbangela zezinkinga. udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ipompo likaphethiloli, i-starter relay, iqembu lokuxhumana lelokhi nebhethri zisesimweni esihle.

Kungani i-immobilizer ingawuboni ukhiye wemoto

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-immobilizer ingawuboni ukhiye kuzosiza ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Ibhulokhi yokusebenza yesistimu yokuzivikela isungula ukuthintana nokhiye, ifunde ikhodi eyingqayizivele futhi iyiqhathanise naleyo egcinwe enkumbulweni. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukufunda ikhodi noma ingahambisani nalokho okulotshwe ebhulokhini, i-immobilizer ivimba injini ukuthi ingaqali.

Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani i-immobilizer ingaboni ukhiye wendabuko, nezindlela zokuzixazulula, ziqoqwe etafuleni.

Izinkinga	Imbangela	Yini okufanele yenziwe?
ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla eyunithi yokulawula injini	Ibhethri eliphansi	Shaja noma shintsha ibhethri
	Phula ku-wiring	Thola futhi ulungise ikhefu
	I-fuse eshaywayo	Hlola ama-fuse, amasekhethi amaringi ukuze uthole izikhindi, shintsha ama-fuse aphephethiwe
	Oxhumana nabo be-ECU abagobile, abahlukanisiwe noma abane-oxidized	Hlola izixhumi ze-ECU, qondanisa futhi / noma hlanza abathintwayo
Ukuhluleka kwe-Firmware	Amafayela esofthiwe yesilawuli awonakele	Khanyisa kabusha i-ECU, bhalisa okhiye noma uthumele isivimbeli
	Ukwehluleka kwenkumbulo yeyunithi	Lungisa (soda i-flash bese ukhanyisa iyunithi) noma shintsha i-ECU, bhalisa okhiye noma ukhiphe isivimbeli
Ukuhluleka kwe-chip ebonakalayo kanye nokuchayeka kuzibuthe	Ukushaqeka, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukumanzisa ukhiye	Qala imoto ngokhiye ohlukile, thenga futhi ubhalise ukhiye omusha
	Ukulayishwa kokhiye ngomthombo we-EMP	Khipha umthombo wemisebe, qala ngomunye ukhiye, shintsha futhi ubhalise ukhiye omusha
Ukwehla kwezinga lebhethri	Ukushiya imoto nezinto zikagesi zisebenza, umkhawulo wokuguga kwebhethri	Shaja ibhethri noma faka elisha
Ukuxhumana okungalungile phakathi kwe-antenna nomamukeli	Oxhumana nabo abalimele noma abafakwe i-oxidized	Hlola izintambo, amatheminali ahlanzekile, lungisa abathintwayo
	Ukuhluleka kwe-antenna	Faka esikhundleni uthi
Ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana phakathi kwe-immobilizer ne-ECU	Ukuxhumana okungalungile, i-oxidation yezixhumi	Khalisa izintambo, hlanza abathintwayo, buyisela ubuqotho
	Ukulimala kwe-immo block noma i-ECU	Hlola amabhlokhi, buyisela angalungile, okhiye abakhanyayo noma setha kabusha umsebenzi we-immobilizer
ukuhlukana kwamasekhethi amandla eyunithi ye-immobilizer	Ukuphuka kwezintambo, i-oxidation yezixhumi	Hlola izintambo, buyisela ubuqotho, izixhumi ezihlanzekile
Immobilizer ayiboni ukhiye emakhazeni	Ibhethri eliphansi	Shaja noma shintsha ibhethri
	Ibhulokhi ye-immo bypass enephutha kusistimu yezokuphepha enokuqalisa okuzenzakalelayo	Hlola isiseshi se-immobilizer, i-chip efakwe kuso, izimpondo zokukhasa
	Ukuqandisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi	Khulisa ukhiye
Ibhethri elilahliwe kukhiye osebenzayo	Impilo yebhethri iphelelwe yisikhathi	Shintsha ibhethri
Iyunithi ye-immobilizer bypass ayisebenzi noma ayisebenzi kahle	Ukuhlukaniswa kwebhulokhi yokudlula	Lungisa noma lungisa ibhulokhi yokudlula
	Bona futhi ilebula kusiseshi	Lungisa ilebula

Uma i-immobilizer ingaboni kahle ukhiye, izizathu ngokuvamile ziwukuthintana okungalungile, ukulimala komshini ku-block noma i-chip, kanye ne-voltage ephansi yokuhlinzeka. Udinga ukunaka izinkinga ezisohlwini lapho imoto inikeza iphutha le-immobilizer ngemuva kwengozi.

Kwezinye izimoto, ngemva kwengozi, isistimu yokuphepha ingase ivimbe iphampu yamafutha. Kulokhu, ukuvikela kufanele kungasebenzi. Indlela yemodeli ngayinye ihlukile, isibonelo, ku-Ford Focus, udinga ukucindezela inkinobho yokuvula iphampu yamafutha ku-niche eduze nonyawo lwesobunxele lomshayeli.

Khubaza ngokohlelo i-immobilizer kusuka kukhompuyutha

Izimo lapho i-immobilizer ingaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhiye ngenxa ye-firmware azivamile. Ngokuvamile uma isofthiwe yehluleka, khona-ke ngokungenakuguquleka. ukuhlukana kuqedwa ngokubopha kabusha ukhiye noma ngesofthiwe evimbela isivimbeli.

Ezimweni lapho i-immobilizer ingawuboni ukhiye ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo, abanikazi beFord, iToyota, iLexus, iMitsubishi, iSsangYong, iHaval nabanye abaningi abahlome ngama-alamu ezimo eziphuthumayo ane-auto start with a crawler angase ahlangabezane nazo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqala ukubheka izinkinga ku-bypass block. Uma ithegi ifakwe ibhethri layo, udinga ukuhlola izinga layo lokushaja, njengoba lehla ngokushesha emakhazeni.

Izikhiye eziningi zemoto ezine-immobilizer azisebenzi: azinawo amabhethri, futhi zinikwa amandla yi-induction kusuka kukhoyili efakwe endaweni yokukhiya imoto.

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga nge-immobilizer, kunconywa ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

• musa ukuqaqa ukhiye, immobilizer kanye ECU;
• ungaziphonsi okhiye, ungamanzisi noma ungavezi amagagasi kagesi;
• sebenzisa amabhulokhi okudlula ekhwalithi ephezulu lapho ufaka ama-alamu ezimo eziphuthumayo ngokuqalisa okuzenzakalelayo;
• lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, cela umnikazi wazo zonke izihluthulelo, ishidi elinekhodi ebhaliwe ye-immobilizer yokukhanyisa ezintsha, futhi ucacise ulwazi mayelana nezici ze-alamu efakiwe (imodeli yayo, ukuba khona kwe-immo bypass, indawo yenkinobho yesevisi, njll.).

Uma uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe enokhiye owodwa oyinhloko, akwenzeki ukuhlanganisa ama-chips amasha kuyunithi. Ukushintsha kuphela i-immobilizer noma i-ECU kuzosiza. Izindleko zalezi zinqubo zingafinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-ruble!

Kungenzeka yini ukuqala imoto uma i-immobilizer indiza

Uma i-immobilizer iyekile ukubona ukhiye, ziningi izindlela zokukhubaza ukukhiya. Okokuqala kufanele uzame ukhiye oyisipele. Uma ingatholakali noma ingasebenzi, ezinye izindlela zokudlula ukuvikela zizosiza. Indlela elula ngamamodeli amadala angenayo ibhasi le-CAN. Izinketho zokuqalisa zibalwe ngezansi.

Faka ukhiye we-immobilizer

Ukusebenzisa ukhiye owengeziwe

Uma isihluthulelo esivela ku-immobilizer sivuliwe, kodwa une-spare, sisebenzise. Ngokunokwenzeka ngelebula ehlukile, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izoqala. Kulokhu, ungazama ukubopha ukhiye wesisekelo othi "wawa" futhi usebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa, noma uthenge omusha bese uwubopha.

Uma kukhona i-alamu ene-auto start, uma i-immobilizer ingasebenzi, ungakwazi ukuqala imoto ngokhiye osuka ku-crawler. Ungayithola ngokukhipha i-plastic casing at the ignition switch futhi uthole ikhoyili ye-antenna, intambo eholela ebhokisini elincane. Kuyo, abafaki bafihla ukhiye oyisipele noma i-chip kuwo, ethumela isignali kuyunithi yokuvikela.

Ngemuva kokukhipha i-chip, i-autorun ngeke isebenze.

Dlula ngama-jumpers

Ezimotweni ezingenalo ibhasi le-CAN, ama-immobilizer alula asetshenziselwa ukulawula ama-electronics asebhodini, isibonelo, i-Opel Vectra A, okulula ukuyidlula. Ukuze uqale imoto enjalo udinga:

Ungakhubaza kanjani i-immobilizer nge-jumpers ku-Opel Vectra: ividiyo

Ungakhubaza kanjani i-immobilizer nge-jumpers ku-Opel Vectra:

1. Thola i-immo block kuphaneli yangaphambili.
2. Thola umjikelezo wayo noma uqaqa ibhulokhi futhi uhlonze abathintwayo abanomthwalo wokuvimba iphampu yamafutha, isiqalisi kanye nokubasa.
3. Sebenzisa i-jumper (izingcezu zocingo, iziqeshana zamaphepha, njll.) ukuvala oxhumana nabo abahambisanayo.

Ngokusebenzisa ama-jumpers, ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuvala i-immobilizer kumamodeli amadala e-VAZ, afana ne-2110, i-Kalina nabanye.

Emishinini lapho i-immo block ifakwe khona ngokuqinile ku-firmware ye-ECU, le ndlela ngeke isebenze.

Ukufakwa kwe-Crawler

Uma isivimbeli singawuboni ukhiye, futhi lezi zindlela zokusebenza ezingenhla zingekho, ungafaka i-immobilizer crawler. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemishini enjalo:

Immobilizer crawler circuit

• Iziseshi ezikude. Isiseshi sesilawuli kude ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukusetha i-alamu ngokuqalisa okuzenzakalelayo. Yibhokisi elinezimpondo ezimbili (ukwamukela nokudlulisa), eliqukethe ukhiye oyisipele. Indlela yokuxhuma i-crawler immobilizer inqunywa isifaki se-alamu yemoto, kodwa ngokuvamile iyunithi itholakala kuphaneli yangaphambili.
• Ama-emulators. I-emulator ye-immobilizer iyisisetshenziswa esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu esiqukethe i-chip elingisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yokuvikela evamile. Ixhuma kuzintambo ze-immo block futhi ithumela amasiginali wokuvula ku-ECU ngebhasi le-CAN. Ngenxa ye-emulator, ungaqala injini ngisho nokhiye ongewona we-chip oyimpinda.

Ukuze wenze ngaphandle kokhiye nhlobo, kuyinketho yesibili edingekayo. Ama-emulators anjalo ashibhile (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1-3), futhi ukufakwa kwawo kukuvumela ukuthi uqale imoto ngaphandle kwe-immobilizer.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-crawlers nama-emulators kwenza impilo yomshayeli ibe lula, kodwa kunciphisa izinga lokuvikelwa kwemoto ekuntshontshweni. Ngakho-ke, i-autorun kufanele ifakwe kuphela ngokuhambisana ne-alamu ethembekile yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ezengeziwe.

Ukuvalwa kwekhodi kwe-immobilizer

Impendulo yombuzo othi "ingabe ukuqalisa imoto ngaphandle kwe-immobilizer, i-crawler kanye nokhiye oyisipele?" kuncike ekubeni khona kwephasiwedi ekhethekile. I-PIN khodi ifakwe kanje:

Ikhiphedi ye-OEM immobilizer kuPeugeot 406

1. Khanyisa ukuthungela.
2. Cindezela i-pedal yegesi bese uyibamba imizuzwana engu-5-10 (kuye ngokuthi imodeli) kuze kuphume inkomba ye-immobilizer.
3. Sebenzisa izinkinobho zekhompyutha ezisebhodini ukuze ufake idijithi yokuqala yekhodi (inombolo yokuchofoza ilingana nenombolo).
4. Cindezela bese ukhulula i-pedal yegesi kanye, bese ufaka idijithi yesibili.
5. Phinda izinyathelo 3-4 kuzo zonke izinombolo.
6. Qalisa umshini ongakhiyiwe.

Kwezinye izimoto, inkinobho yokulawula ukukhiya okumaphakathi kusilawuli kude ingasetshenziswa ukwenza inqubo.

Ukushintsha iyunithi yokulawula

Uma kungekho neyodwa yezindlela zokudlula i-immobilizer ngaphandle kokhiye esiza, okusele wukushintsha amabhlogo. Esimeni esihle kakhulu, ungashintsha kuphela iyunithi ye-immobilizer ngokubopha okhiye abasha kuyo. Okubi kakhulu, kuzodingeka ushintshe kokubili i-ECU neyunithi ye-immo. Inqubo yokuxhuma nokunqamula i-immobilizer incike emotweni.

Kumamodeli ambalwa, kukhona i-firmware enokuvikelwa okuvaliwe. Kuzo, ungasusa ukukhiya kwe-immobilizer unomphela. Ngemva kokukhanyisa i-ECU, injini iqala ngaphandle kokubuza iyunithi yokuzivikela. Kodwa njengoba kuba lula kakhulu ukuqala imoto nge-non-chip key, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-firmware ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kuphela uma kukhona i-alamu enhle.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ukhiye we-immobilizer uqaqa

Uma i-immobilizer iyekile ukubona ukhiye, isistimu idinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha. Ukuze unqume ama-chips amasha noma amadala aphukile, kusetshenziswa ukhiye oyinhloko, ovame ukuba nophawu olubomvu. Uma itholakala, ungakwazi ukuqeqesha i-immobilizer ngokwakho uma ukhiye uwile, ngokusho kohlelo olujwayelekile:

Ukhiye wokufunda oyinhloko onelebula ebomvu

1. Ngena emotweni uvale zonke izicabha.
2. Faka ukhiye oyinhloko kuswishi yokuthungela, uyivule bese ulinda okungenani imizuzwana eyi-10.
3. Vala ukuthungela, ngenkathi zonke izinkomba kudeshibhodi kufanele zikhanyise.
4. Khipha ukhiye oyinhloko ekhikhini.
5. Ngokushesha faka ukhiye omusha ozoboshwa, bese ulinda ibhiphu kathathu.
6. Linda imizuzwana engu-5-10 kuze kuzwakale ibhiphu ekabili, khipha ukhiye omusha.
7. Phinda izinyathelo 5-6 ngokhiye omusha ngamunye.
8. Ngemva kokuchaza ukhiye wokugcina, faka ukhiye oyinhloko wokufunda, linda kuqala okukathathu, bese kuba isignali ekabili.
9. Akhiphe ukhiye oyinhloko.

Indlela engenhla isebenza ku-VAZ nezinye izimoto eziningi, kodwa kukhona okuhlukile. Imiyalo enemininingwane yokuthi unikezwa kanjani ukhiye ingatholakala kumanuwali yomsebenzisi wemodeli ethile.

Ezimotweni eziningi, ukuboshwa kwabo bonke okhiye abasha kwenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lweseshini eyodwa, kuyilapho ezindala, ngaphandle kokhiye omkhulu, zilahlwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi ubhalise izihluthulelo ku-immobilizer yomshini, udinga ukulungiselela kokubili amadala namasha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa lapho i-immobilizer ingasebenzi

Sengiphetha, sinikeza izimpendulo zemibuzo evame kakhulu evela uma i-immobilizer ingaqali, ingaboni ukhiye, ibona ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma zonke izihluthulelo ezine-chip zilahlekile / ziphukile.

• Ingabe isivimbeli singasebenza uma ibhethri likakhiye lifile?

  Omaka abazenzisi abadingi amandla. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma ibhethri elibhekele i-alamu nokukhiya okumaphakathi lifile, isivimbeli sizokwazi ukubona i-chip futhi sivule ukuqala kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

• Ingabe ngidinga ukusebenzisa i-alamu uma kukhona isivimbeli?

  I-Immo ayiyona indawo egcwele ye-alamu, ngoba yenza kuphela umsebenzi womgebengu ibe nzima futhi ayivimbeli ukufinyelela kwakhe esalon.I-immobilizer ayikuvumeli ukuqala, kodwa ayimazisi umnikazi ngomzamo wokugebenga. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa kokubili izinhlelo zokuzivikela.

• Ungadlula kanjani i-immobilizer lapho usetha i-alamu?

  Kunezindlela ezimbili zokudlula i-immobilizer lapho ufaka i-alamu ngesistimu ye-autorun. Okokuqala ukusebenzisa isiseshi esinokhiye oyisipele noma i-chip. Okwesibili ukusetshenziswa kwesiseshi sokulingisa esixhunywe kuyunithi ye-immobilizer ngebhasi le-CAN.

• Kungani isivimbeli singawuboni ukhiye uma kune-alamu ene-auto start?

  Kunezinketho ezimbili: eyokuqala - isiseshi asikwazi ukuskena ukhiye ngokujwayelekile (i-chip ishintshile, i-antenna iphumile, njll.), eyesibili - ibhulokhi ibona okhiye ababili ngesikhathi esisodwa: kusiseshi naku- khiya.

• Ngezikhathi ezithile, imoto akaboni ukhiye immobilizer, yini okufanele uyenze?

  Uma iphutha le-immobilizer livela ngokungavamile, udinga ukuhlola amasekhethi kagesi, othintana nabo bekhompiyutha kanye neyunithi ye-immobilizer, ikhoyili ye-inductive edlulisela amasignali ku-chip.

• Kungenzeka yini ukubophezela isivimbeli esisha ku-ECU?

  Ngezinye izikhathi okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuqala imoto uma immobilizer ephukile - ukubhalisa iyunithi entsha e-ECU. Lokhu kusebenza kuyenzeka, kanye nokubophezela isilawuli esisha kuyunithi endala ye-immobilizer, kodwa ubuqili benqubo buhlukile kumabhrendi ahlukene.

• Kungani isivimbeli sisebenza ngemva kokunqamula nokuxhuma itheminali yebhethri?

  Uma ukukhanya kwe-immobilizer kuyakhanya futhi imoto ingafuni ukuqala ngaphandle kokukhipha itheminali ebhethrini, udinga ukuhlola ukushajwa kwebhethri. Uma kuvamile, kufanele ubheke izinkinga ku-wiring. Ukuze ugweme ukunqanyulwa kokhiye kanye nokuvimba isivimbeli, unganqamuli ibhethri lapho ukuvutha kuvuliwe!

• Indlela yokuvula immobilizer uma kungekho ukhiye nephasiwedi?

  Uma ungekho ukhiye ohlobene nephasiwedi, ukuvula kungenzeka kuphela ngokushintshwa kwe-immobilizer nokukhanyisa i-ECU ngokubopha ibhulokhi entsha ye-immo.

• Kungenzeka yini ukukhubaza i-immobilizer unomphela?

  Kunezindlela ezintathu zokususa unomphela i-immobilizer lock: - sebenzisa ama-jumpers kusixhumi se-immo block (izimoto ezindala ezinokuvikelwa okulula); — xhuma i-emulator kusixhumi seyunithi yezokuphepha, ezotshela i-ECU ukuthi ukhiye ufakiwe futhi ungaqala (kwezinye izimoto zesimanje); — hlela i-firmware noma faka isofthiwe eguquliwe ngokusebenza kwe-immobilizer kungasebenzi (VAZ nezinye izimoto) Ubunzima bokukhubaza isivimbeli kuncike eminyakeni yobudala kanye nesigaba semoto. Lokhu kulula ukukwenza kumamodeli amadala nawebhajethi kunamasha nama-premium. Uma ingekho kulezi zindlela ezichazwe ngenhla isize, kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe. Abasebenza ngogesi wezimoto eziteshini zesevisi yabathengisi, abasebenza ngemikhiqizo ethile yezimoto, bazokwazi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwe-immobilizer evamile. Ochwepheshe be-chip bazokusiza ukuthi ususe ukuvinjelwa unomphela.