Izici ze-Maz 525
Cabanga umanduleli ochungechungeni BelAZ - MAZ-525.
Umanduleli ochungechungeni BelAZ - MAZ-525
Iloli lokulahla izimayini ze-serial MAZ-525 (1951-1959 - MAZ-525; 1959-1965 - BelAZ-525). Isizathu sokuvela kweloli lezimayini elingamathani angama-25 isidingo sesu elikwazi ukuletha amabhlogo egwadle ezinkwalini ukuze kwakhiwe amadamu. I-MAZ-205 eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi yayingafaneleki ngenxa yomthamo wayo ophansi wokuthwala. Ukuncishiswa kwamandla kwafakwa emotweni kusuka ku-450 kuya ku-300 hp. Ithangi likadizili elingu-12-cylinder D-12A. I-asi yangemuva, ngokungafani ne-asi yangaphambili, yayinamathele ngokuqinile kuhlaka, ngaphandle kweziphethu, ngakho-ke akukho ukumiswa okungamelana nemithwalo yokushaqeka okwenzeka lapho iloli yokulahla ilayishwe ngama-cubic metres ayisithupha amatshe okugandaya (ngendlela).
Ukuze ubambe ukushaqeka kwempahla ethuthwayo, phansi kwenziwa kabili, kusuka emashidi ensimbi ane-oki ehlangene phakathi kwawo. Umthwalo wawudluliselwa ngqo kuhlaka ngokusebenzisa amaphedi enjoloba ayisithupha. Amasondo amakhulu anobubanzi besondo obungamasentimitha angu-172 asebenza njenge-absorber eyinhloko yokushaqeka. Ukubukeka kwemoto kube nezinguquko eziningi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Uma kusampula yokuqala ihood yenjini esisekelweni yayilingana nobubanzi bekhabhi, khona-ke yaba mncane kakhulu - ukulondoloza insimbi. Isihlungi se-oyili-somoya sokuxhumana, esasingangeni ngaphansi kwe-hood, sasibekwe kuqala kwesokunxele, bese ngakwesokudla. Ulwazi ngezinkwali ezinothuli luphakamise isisombululo: faka izihlungi ezimbili.
Ukuze kuphephe omakhenikha ababesevisa udizili wale moto ende, ukuvikelwa kwaqale kwafakwa ezinhlangothini ze-hood (esithombeni esingakwesokunxele), ngemva konyaka yashiywa. Inani lezinto eziqinisa umzimba ezime mpo zishintshiwe ukusuka kweyisikhombisa ukuya kweziyisithupha. Isithombe se-chrome-plated of bison, esabekwa kuma-hoods we-MAZ-525 yokuqala, kamuva sahlukaniswa saba "amabhuzu" amabili - lezi zimpumuzo zazinamathele ezinhlangothini ze-hood, futhi ngisho nalapho hhayi njalo. Kuze kube manje, iloli lokulahla okuwukuphela kwalo eliye lasinda eRussia lifakwe njengesikhumbuzo eduze kwesiteshi samandla kagesi saseKrasnoyarsk. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezimoto eBelarusian Automobile Plant, inyathi yanyamalala ku-hood, futhi endaweni yayo yavela imibhalo ethi "BelAZ".
Ngo-1959, eZhodino, kwenziwa umzamo wokudala isihlalo se-MAZ-525A ukuze sisebenze njengengxenye yesitimela somgwaqo esine-BelAZ-5271 tipper semi-trailer yomklamo wayo, oklanyelwe amathani angu-45 edwala noma umhlaba. Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho akuzange kuphumelele, futhi i-semi-trailer yangena ochungechungeni kuphela ngo-1962 nge-tractor enamandla kakhulu ye-BelAZ-540A. Ngemva konyaka kuqale ukukhiqizwa iloli yokulahla izimayini MAZ-525, ugandaganda MAZ-E-525D wadala isisekelo salo iphuma emasangweni Minsk Automobile Plant. Yayiklanyelwe ukusebenza ngokubambisana ne-15-cubic-meter D-189 scraper, eyayikwazi ukusingatha kuphela lapho ithutha izimpahla futhi ishayela ingenalutho, futhi lapho igcwalisa umzimba, i-pusher ifakwe esitimeleni somgwaqo - i-MAZ efanayo . -. I-E-525D ene-ballast ku-asili yangemuva.
Lokhu kwakudingeka, ngoba ukugcwalisa ugandaganda kwakudinga i-scraper engu-600 hp, kanti amandla e-MAZ ayengama-hp angu-300 kuphela. Noma kunjalo, isidingo se-pusher kulesi sigaba asikwazi ukubhekwa njengento embi, ngoba ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukukhonza i-scraper ngemishini emibili kwakusebenza kahle kakhulu kunomunye - amandla aphindwe kabili. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-pusher ayisebenzi neyodwa, kodwa ngama-scrapers amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ibanga elikhulu lokuthuthwa kwempahla, i-scrapers eyodwa ingakwazi ukuthatha, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwabo.
Isivinini esikhulu sikagandaganda one-scraper egcwele ngokugcwele sasingu-28 km/h. Yayinobukhulu obungu-6730x3210x3400 mm kanye ne-wheelbase engu-4000 mm, engaphansi ngo-780 mm kunaleyo yeloli yokulahla ku-chassis eyakhiwe ngayo. Ngokuqondile ngemuva kwekhebhu ye-MAZ-E-525D, iwintshi eqhutshwa yinjini enamandla amakhulu afinyelela ku-3500 kilograms ifakwe ukulawula isikrufu. Ngo-1952, ngenxa yemizamo ye-Mining Institute ye-Academy of Sciences ye-SSR yase-Ukraine, idepho ye-trolleybus yase-Kharkov kanye ne-Soyuznerud trust, kwazalwa uhlobo olusha lwezokuthutha. Ku-chassis ye-MAZ-205 kanye ne-YaAZ-210E yokulahla amaloli, futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva, amaloli okulahlwa kagesi anamasondo adalwa ku-MAZ-525 amathani angamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
I-trolleybus ku-chassis yomjaho we-MAZ-525 ifakwe ama-motor amabili kagesi we-trolleybus yohlobo lwe-DK-202 enamandla angu-172 kW, elawulwa isilawuli kanye namaphaneli amane okuxhumana we-TP-18 noma uhlobo lwe-TP-19. Amamotho kagesi nawo anika amandla isiteringi samandla kanye nokuphakamisa umzimba. Ukudluliselwa kwamandla kagesi kusuka esitshalweni samandla kuya ezimotweni zikagesi zezimoto kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nama-trolleybus ajwayelekile: izintambo zazibekwe eceleni kwendlela yomsebenzi wazo, ezithinta amaloli okulahla ugesi anama-arches amabili afakwe kuwo. . Umsebenzi wabashayeli bemishini enjalo wawulula kunamaloli avamile okulahla.
Iloli lokulahla i-MAZ-525: imininingwane
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yaseSoviet yangemva kwempi kwaholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokumbiwa kwamaminerali, okwakungasakwazi ukususwa ku-crankcase ngamaloli avamile okulahla. Phela, umthamo wemizimba ekhiqizwa ngobuningi ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yempi ye-MAZ-205 ne-YaAZ-210E yayingama-cubic metres angu-3,6 no-8, ngokulandelana, futhi umthamo wokuthwala awudluli amathani angu-6 no-10, futhi imboni yezimayini yayidinga iloli yokulahla imfucuza cishe ngokuphindwe kabili kunalezi zibalo! Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa komshini onjalo waphathiswa uMinsk Automobile Plant.
Umsebenzi onzima kangaka wawela emahlombe kaBoris Lvovich Shaposhnik, inhloko yesikhathi esizayo ye-SKB MAZ edumile, lapho kwakhiwe khona abathwali be-missile multi-axle; ngaleso sikhathi wayesevele esebenza njengomklami omkhulu, okokuqala e-ZIS, bese e-Novosibirsk Automobile Plant, eyaqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1945, kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kokugunyazwa wadluliselwa komunye umnyango. UShaposhnik wafika eMinsk Automobile Plant kanye nabanye abaklami abaningana abavela eNovosibirsk ngoNovemba 1949, bathatha isikhundla sokuba yinhloko yehhovisi lokuklama lesi sitshalo (KEO). Into eshiwo kwakuyinkwali ye-MAZ-525 ezayo. Embonini yezimoto yasekhaya, lolu bekuwuhlobo olusha lweloli lokulahla - ayikho into enjengale eyake yakhiqizwa ezweni lethu ngaphambilini! Futhi namanje
(umthamo othwala amathani angu-25, isisindo esiphelele amathani angu-49,5, umthamo womzimba ungama-cubic metres angu-14,3), wawunenqwaba yezixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezaziqhubeka ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokokuqala ngqá ezweni lakithi, MAZ-525 wasebenzisa amandla eziqondisa kanye gearboxes amaplanethi eyakhelwe hubs isondo. Injini ekhishwe ku-Barnaul enamasilinda angu-12 amise okwe-V yakhiwe i-300 hp, i-clutch yayiyi-double-disk futhi ihlanganiswe ne-hydraulic clutch evikela ukudluliselwa, futhi ububanzi bamasondo bucishe budlule ubude bomuntu omdala!
Yiqiniso, ngezindinganiso zanamuhla, umthamo womzimba weloli lokuqala lokulahla izimayini zaseSoviet i-MAZ-525 alimangalisi: amaloli okulahla ajwayelekile akhiqizwayo, aklanyelwe ukushayela emigwaqweni yomphakathi, athwala inani elifanayo lempahla ebhodini. Ngokwezindinganiso maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukudluliswa kwama-"cubes" angaphezu kuka-14 endizeni eyodwa kwakubhekwa njengempumelelo enkulu! Ukuze uqhathanise: ngaleso sikhathi, i-YaAZ-210E, iloli elikhulu kunawo wonke lasekhaya lokulahla umgwaqo, lalinomthamo womzimba owawungaphansi "ngama-cubes" ayisithupha.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kokukhiqiza ngobuningi ngo-1951, kwenziwa izinguquko eziningana ekubukeni kwe-quarry: i-radiator ye-semi-circular lining yathathelwa indawo ngonxande, ububanzi be-hood buncishiswa endaweni yokubonisana kwayo ne-cab. , kanye nezinsimbi zokuphepha ezincane kuma-fenders angaphambili asusiwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-1954 kwavela ukuguqulwa kweloli lokulahla izinjini ezimbili ze-trolleybus ezifakwe ngaphansi kwe-hood enamandla angu-234 hp kanye ne-pantograph efakwe ophahleni lwe-cab. Nakuba lokhu kuthuthukiswa akuzange kube okujwayelekile, kwakubonakala kufanelekile kakhulu: imodeli ejwayelekile yedizili engu-39-litre yayinamandla, idla amalitha angu-135 kaphethiloli wedizili ngamakhilomitha angu-100 ngisho nasezimweni ezinhle.
Sekukonke, e-Minsk Automobile Plant kwaze kwaba ngu-1959, ngaphezu kwe-800 MAZ-525s yakhiqizwa, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwadluliselwa edolobheni laseZhodino e-Belarusian Automobile Plant esanda kuvulwa.
Waba BelAZ
Lesi sitshalo, namuhla esikhiqiza amaloli amakhulu okulahla, asizange sivele kusukela ekuqaleni: sakhiwe ngesisekelo se-Zhodino Mechanical Plant, esikhiqiza izimoto zomgwaqo kanye nezokuphuma. Isinqumo seKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU kanye noMkhandlu WoNgqongqoshe base-USSR ngokushintsha igama layo libe yi-Belarusian Automobile Plant sangomhla ziyi-17 kuMbasa ngo-1958. Ngo-August, u-Nikolai Ivanovich Derevyanko, owake wasebenza njengephini likamqondisi we-MAZ, waba ummemezeli wenkampani esanda kumiswa.
Ithimba eliholwa nguye lanikezwa umsebenzi wokungagcini nje ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kwe-MAZ-525 edingekayo ezweni, kodwa futhi ukudala umugqa wokuhlanganisa kulokhu - amaloli okulahla izimayini asebenzisa umshini onjalo awakakakhiqizwa yinoma ubani umhlaba ngaphambili.
I-Zhodino MAZ-525 yokuqala evela ezingxenyeni ezihlinzekwa yi-Minsk yahlanganiswa ngoNovemba 1, 1958, futhi lokhu naphezu kokuthi izingcezu eziningi zemishini zazingakaqali ukusebenza. Kodwa kakade ngo-Okthoba 1960, ngemva kokulungisa iphutha umugqa wokuthutha, wethula ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwemishini yokunyathelisa kanye ne-welding, futhi wakwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziyinhloko nemihlangano, i-Belarusian Automobile Plant yanikezela izinkulungwane ze-MAZ-525 kumakhasimende.
Iloli lokuqala lokulahla izimayini ezifuywayo laba yisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kogandaganda bamaloli ngesisekelo salo. Okokuqala, ngo-1952 kwavela i-MAZ-E-525D, eyenzelwe ukudonsa i-scraper engu-15-cc D-189, futhi kakade i-Belarusian Automobile Plant yahlola i-MAZ-525, ekwazi ukudonsa i-semi-trailer yokulahla i-axle eyodwa. i-trailer - i-trailer eklanyelwe ukuthwala amathani angama-40 wempahla eyinqwaba. Kodwa akekho noma omunye owasetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamandla enjini anganele (isibonelo, lapho uthululela umzimba, ngisho ne-scraper kwakufanele iqhutshwe yi-pusher imoto, i-MAZ-525 efanayo ne-ballast efakwe ohlakeni. ). Iloli lokulahla isisekelo libe nenani lezihibe ezibalulekile. Okokuqala nje i-over-engineered, i-metallic eningi, ayidlulisi kahle, ijubane eliphansi futhi ayikho i-asi yangemuva elengayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1960, abaklami Be-Belarusian Automobile Plant baqala ukuklama iloli entsha yokulahla imigodi ye-BelAZ-540, eyaba ukhokho womndeni omkhulu wezimoto ezinkulu ze-Zhodino ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-BelAZ. Wathatha indawo ye-MAZ-525 ku-transporter, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwancishiswa ngo-1965.
