izici, ukuhlukaniswa, inombolo ye-cetane, isigaba sengozi
Ngokulandela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, uhulumeni waseRussia usanda kwenza uphethiloli wedizili wesigaba 2 ngokungekho emthethweni. Ukuthi lokhu kuhlangene ngani nokuthi udizili wezinga lengozi unani, kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sanamuhla.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga lokushisa kukadizili
Ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli we-diesel uqukethe upharafini, oqina emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-zero, wona (uphethiloli) uhlukaniswa ngokuya ngezindawo zezulu. Isigaba ngasinye kwezilandelayo sinethempelesha yaso yokuhlunga.
- Ikilasi A +5° C.
- Ikilasi B0° C.
- Ikilasi C -5° C.
- Ikilasi D-10° C.
- Ikilasi B -15° C.
- Ikilasi B -20° C.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingawela ngaphansi kwemingcele engenhla, amanye amakilasi anikezwa - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-4. Okulandelayo yizi: iklasi, iphuzu lefu kanye nokuhlunga.
- 0:-10° C, -mashumi amabili° C;
- 1:-16° C, -mashumi amabili° C;
- 2:-22° C, -mashumi amabili° C;
- 3:-28° C, -mashumi amabili° C;
- 4:-34° C, -mashumi amabili° C.
Kuvela ukuthi uma usebenzisa uphethiloli we-diesel ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthi kuzoqalwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi obalulekile uzohluleka.
Izigaba eziyingozi
I-GOST yamanje inikeza izigaba ezintathu eziyingozi zezinto eziyingozi.
Lapha kukhona:
- I class - kuyingozi kakhulu;
- Isigaba II - esiyingozi ngokusesilinganisweni;
- III - ingozi encane.
Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa likadizili ngesikhathi sokukhanya lidlula ama-61° C, ihlukaniswa njengento enobungozi obuncane (okungukuthi, esigabeni VI). Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi izinto ezifana nowoyela wegesi noma uwoyela wokufudumeza nazo ziyingxenye yesigaba esifanayo. Ngamafuphi, uphethiloli we-diesel awuqhumi.
Izici zokuthutha nokusebenza
Uphethiloli wedizili ungathuthwa kuphela ngemoto ehlomele le njongo, lapho kukhishwe khona imvume efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuba nomlilo, imishini enjalo kufanele ibe nezinto ezifanele zokucisha umlilo. Okokugcina, wonke amaphakheji kufanele amakwe kahle - UN No. 3 noma OOH No. 3.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, uphethiloli we-diesel uvutha kabi kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ikakhulukazi uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izingxube ezivuthayo - isibonelo, ngophethiloli. Kodwa ehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingafinyelela umkhawulo wonyaka, kuhle ukuphatha uphethiloli wedizili ngokucophelela. Ikakhulukazi uma usho amanani amakhulu kaphethiloli.
inombolo ye-cetane
Le nombolo ibhekwa njengenkomba eyinhloko yokuvutha kukaphethiloli futhi inquma amandla ayo okushisa, isikhathi sokulibaziseka (isikhathi esiphakathi komjovo nokuthungela). Konke lokhu kuthinta ijubane lokuqalisa injini, kanye nevolumu yokukhishwa kwe-exhaust. Uma isibalo siphezulu, kulapho uphethiloli udizili usha ngokushelela nangempumelelo.
Kukhona futhi into efana ne-cetane index. Ibhekisela ekugxilweni kwezithasiselo zokwandisa izinga le-cetane. Kubalulekile ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwenombolo kanye nenkomba uncane, ngoba izithasiselo ezahlukene zithinta ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kaphethiloli we-diesel ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Izigaba zamafutha
Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, uhulumeni weRussian Federation usayine isivumelwano sokubambisana ne-European Union maqondana nemboni yokuhluza uwoyela. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kweYurophu kwezinto ezivuthayo kuza ngokuhlelekile eRussia.
Qaphela ukuthi namuhla sekuvele kunezindinganiso ezi-2:
- I-GOST yasekhaya;
- IYurophu noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-Euro.
Kuyisici ukuthi iziteshi eziningi zokugcwalisa zihlinzeka ngedatha kuphethiloli wedizili ngasikhathi sinye kuzo zombili izinketho zokuqala nezesibili. Kodwa, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, zombili lezi zindinganiso ziphindaphinda cishe yonke into, ngakho-ke kumnikazi wemoto ojwayelene ne-GOST, kuzoba lula ukujwayela i-Euro.
Iyalayisha...
