I-Grumman F-14 Bombcat Ingxenye 2

NgoNovemba 1994, u-Vice Admiral we-Air Force Atlantic Fleet u-Richard Allen wanikeza imvume yokuqhubeka nokuhlola uhlelo lwe-LANTIRN lokuzulazula kanye nokuqondisa lwe-F-14 Tomcat.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, uGrumman wazama ukukholisa i-US Navy ukuthi ijwayelane ne-F-14D ukuze iphathe izikhali ezinembayo. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwe-Block 1 Strike kubandakanye, ikakhulukazi, ukufakwa kwamakhompyutha amasha asebhodini nesofthiwe. Izindleko zalolu hlelo zilinganiselwa ku-$ 1,6 billion, okwakungamukeleki ku-Navy. Umbutho Wezempi Wasemanzini wase-US wawuzimisele ukwaba imali elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-300 kuphela ukuhlanganisa amabhomu e-JDAM aqondiswa i-GPS. Nokho, lolu hlelo belusaqala.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1994, u-Martin Marietta waqala ucwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlomisa izilwi ze-F-14 nge-LANTIRN (Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infra-Red for Night) yokuzulazula nohlelo lokuqondisa. Uhlelo belunamabhulokhi amabili: ukuzulazula AN / AAQ-13 kanye nesiqondiso AN / AAQ-14. I-cartridge ehlosiwe yayinomsebenzi wokukhanyisa ithagethi nge-laser beam. Yayakhelwe ama-F-15E Strike Eagle fighter-bombers kanye nama-F-16 fighters. U-LANTIRN wabhapathizwa ngomlilo ngesikhathi se-Operation Desert Storm, lapho athola khona amamaki amahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yenani, i-AN/AAQ-14 kuphela i-cartridge yokubona enikezwe i-F-14. Kwaqalwa uhlelo olungekho emthethweni olwathi, ngenxa yobuhlakani bonjiniyela baka-Martin Marietta kanye nokubandakanyeka kwamaphoyisa asolwandle, kwaguqula i-Tomcat yaba inkundla yesiteleka ekwazi ukuzimela.

NgoNovemba 1994, uMkhuzi we-Atlantic Fleet Air Force, uVice Admiral Richard Allen, wanikeza imvume yokuqhubeka nokuhlola ngohlelo lwe-LANTIRN. Ukusekela kwakhe lo msebenzi kwakubalulekile. Nokho, inkinga enkulu kwaba ukuhlanganiswa kwesitsha ne-fighter. Lokhu kwakudingeka kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi kwakungadingeki ukuguqulwa okumba eqolo kuma-avionics kanye ne-radar yasemoyeni. Ukuguqulwa okukhudlwana bekuyohlotshaniswa nezindleko ezinkulu, iNavy engeke neze ivume. Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo i-LANTIRN belixhunywe kuphela ezinhlelweni ze-onboard ze-fighter ngebhasi ledatha yedijithali ye-MIL-STD-1553. Imizila enjalo isetshenziswe ku-F-14D, kodwa hhayi ku-F-14A naku-F-14B. Ngakho-ke irada ye-analog ye-AN / AWG-9 kanye nesistimu yokulawula umlilo ye-AN / AWG-15 yehlulekile "ukubona" ​​isitsha se-LANTIRN. Ngenhlanhla, uFirchild ngaleso sikhathi unikeze i-adaptha ekhethekile evumela izinhlelo zedijithali ne-analog ukuthi zixhunywe ngaphandle kwesidingo sebhasi yedatha yedijithali.

UMartin Marietta wenza idizayini ngezindleko zayo, eyaboniswa eMbuthweni Wezempi Wasemanzini waseMelika ekuqaleni kuka-1995. Umphumela wokubonisa wawukholisa kangangokuthi ekwindla ka-1995 i-Navy yanquma ukuqala uhlelo olulinganiselwe lobufakazi bomqondo. Lolu hlelo lwalunabaphikisi abaningi kumyalo wezempi, ababethi kungcono ukutshala imali kuxhaxha lwama-Hornets kunama-F-14s, azohoxiswa maduze nje. Isici esinqumayo mhlawumbe iqiniso lokuthi uMartin Marietta uhlanganise ingxenye ebalulekile yezindleko ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa kwamathangi okugcina.

I-F-14 Tomcat ehlome ngamabhomu amabili e-CBU-99 (Mk 20 Rockeye II) aklanyelwe ukulwa nezikhali zamabhomu amancane.

Umsebenzi wenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili futhi wawuhlanganisa nokucwengwa kwakho kokubili isitsha ngokwaso kanye nesilwi. Isiqukathi esijwayelekile AN/AAQ-14 sifakwe isistimu yaso ye-GPS kanye nalokho okubizwa. Iyunithi yokulinganisa inertial ye-Litton (IMU) ethathwe kumicibisholo ye-AIM-120 AMRAAM kanye ne-AIM-9X ye-air-to-air esathuthukiswayo. Womabili amasistimu angaxhumeka kusistimu yokuzulazula enertial ye-F-14. Lokhu kuvumele ukukhomba okunembayo ngemojuli efake yonke idatha ye-ballistic kumlwi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhunywa kwethreyi nesistimu yokulawula umlilo yendiza kungenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-radar engaphakathi. "Ukudlula" i-radar yenze lula kakhulu inqubo yokuhlanganisa, kuyilapho ihlala iyisixazululo esisebenzayo nesishibhile. Isitsha sakwazi ukwenza zonke izibalo ezidingekayo ukuze kukhululwe izikhali, okuyinto wadlulisela ohlelweni lokulawula umlilo F-14. Ngokulandelayo, yena ngokwakhe wakhipha yonke idatha evela ezikhalini ze-fighter, wayikopisha ku-database yakhe yangaphakathi. Iyunithi yokuqondisa elungisiwe yaqokwa i-AN / AAQ-25 LTS (LANTIRN Targeting System).

Ukuguqulwa kwe-fighter kufaka phakathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukufakwa kwephaneli yokulawula i-bunker efakwe i-knob encane yokulawula (induku yokudlala). Iphaneli ye-bunker yayifakwe kuphaneli yesokunxele esikhundleni sephaneli ye-TARPS reconnaissance bunker futhi cishe ukuphela kwendawo etholakala ku-cockpit engemuva. Ngalesi sizathu, i-F-14 ayikwazanga ukuthwala ngesikhathi esisodwa i-LANTIRN ne-TARPS. Induku yokudlala yokulawula ikhanda le-optoelectronic nokuphatha isitsha yavela echibini lezingxenye ezisele ngemva kohlelo lokwakhiwa kwendiza ye-A-12 Avenger II. Isithombe esiphuma emanzini singavezwa endaweni ye-RIO kusibonisi sedatha ye-TID esiyindilinga eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-aquarium eyindilinga". Nokho, i-F-14 yagcina ithole okusha okubizwa nge-Programmable Target Information Display (PTID) enosayizi wesikrini ongu-203 x 203 mm. I-PTID ifakwe esikhundleni sesibonisi esiyindilinga se-TID. Idatha evame ukuthunyelwa ku-TID nge-radar esemoyeni "ingaqagelwa" esithombeni esiboniswe yi-LANTIRN. Ngakho-ke, i-PTID ngesikhathi esisodwa ibonise idatha evela kukho kokubili i-radar ye-onboard kanye nesiteshi sokubonwayo, kuyilapho amasistimu amabili ayengaxhumekile komunye nomunye nganoma iyiphi indlela. Njengasekuqaleni kwawo-90s, isibonisi esingu-203 x 202 mm sasihlukile.

Ukulungiswa kwayo kunikeze ukubukwa okungcono kakhulu nokusebenziseka kunezibonisi ezitholakala ku-F-15E Strike Eagle fighter-bomber. Isithombe se-LANTIRN singase futhi siboniswe kusibonisi se-VDI esime mpo sesilawuli kude (esimweni se-F-14A) noma eyodwa yama-MFD amabili (esimweni se-F-14B kanye no-D). I-RIO yayinomthwalo wemfanelo kukho konke ukusebenza kwesiqukathi, kodwa ibhomu laphonswa “ngokwesiko” umshayeli wendiza ngokucindezela inkinobho ku-joystick. Ekulengiseni isiqukathi se-LANTIRN kunephuzu lokunamathiselwe elilodwa kuphela - No. 8b - kwesokudla se-multifunctional pylon. Isiqukathi safakwa kusetshenziswa i-adaptha ekuqaleni eyayihloselwe ukuphatha imicibisholo elwa ne-radar ye-AGM-88 HARM.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1995, kwaqala uhlelo lokuhlola ithangi lomoya. Lokhu kwabizwa ngokusemthethweni “njengokuboniswa kwekhono” ukuze kungaqhubi inqubo yangempela yohlelo lokuhlola, okungabiza kakhulu. Ukuze kuhlolwe, i-F-103B (BuNo 14) enesihlalo esisodwa neqembu elinolwazi "yabolekwa" eqenjini le-VF-161608. I-Tomcat elungiswe ngokufanelekile (eqanjwe ngokuthi i-FLIR CAT) yenza indiza yayo yokuqala ne-LANTIRN ngoMashi 21, 1995. Kwabe sekuqala ukuhlolwa kwamabhomu. Ngomhla zi-3 kuMbasa, 1995, enkundleni yokuqeqesha i-Dare County eNyakatho Carolina, ama-F-14B awisa amabhomu e-LGTR amane okuqeqesha - alingisa amabhomu aqondiswa nge-laser. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, amabhomu amabili okuqeqeshwa angahlomile i-GBU-16 (inertial) achithwa. Ukunemba kwesiqukathi kuyaqinisekiswa.

Ukuhlolwa okwalandela, kulokhu ngebhomu eliphilayo, kwenziwa endaweni yokuhlola yasePuerto Rican Vieques. I-Tomcat iphelezelwe i-F/A-18Cs efakwe amayunithi e-NITE Hawk. Abashayeli bezindiza be-Hornet kwadingeka basebenzise ama-pods abo ukuze bahlole ukuthi ichashaza le-laser elivela ethangini le-LANTIRN lalikuphokophele yini nokuthi akhona yini amandla "okukhanya" anele avela kulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka baqophe izivivinyo ngekhamera ye-video. Ngo-Ephreli 10, kwethulwa amabhomu amabili angasebenzi e-GBU-16. Bobabili bashaye izinhloso zabo - amathangi amadala i-M48 Patton. Ngosuku olulandelayo, izisebenzi zaphonsa amabhomu amane e-GBU-16 ngezibhamu ezimbili. Ezintathu zazo zishaye ngqo kwelitshe, kwathi elesine lawa ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka lapho beliqondiswe khona. Izilinganiso ezivela ku-NITE Hawk canister zibonise ukuthi ichashazi le-laser laligcinwa ekuhlosweni ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke kukholakala ukuthi uhlelo lokuqondisa lwebhomu lesine luhlulekile. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yokuhlolwa itholakale ingaphezu kokwanelisayo. Ngemuva kokubuyela kusisekelo se-Ocean, imiphumela yokuhlolwa yethulwe ngokuzithoba kumyalo. I-F-14B FLIR CAT yasetshenziswa emasontweni alandelayo ukwenza izindiza zokujwayela zonke izikhulu ezinentshisekelo zezikhundla eziphezulu.

Ngo-June 1995, i-Navy yanquma ukuthenga amathreyi e-LANTIRN. NgoJuni 1996, uMartin Marietta wayezoletha amathini ayisithupha futhi aguqule ama-Tomcats ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngo-1995, uMartin Marietta wahlangana ne-Lockheed Corporation ukwakha i-Lockheed Martin Consortium. Uhlelo lokuhlanganiswa kwethangi lesitoreji se-LANTIRN kanye nohlelo lokuhlola kube irekhodi. Yonke le nqubo, kusukela ekudalweni kwayo kuya ekulethweni kweziqukathi zokuqala eziqediwe eMbuthweni Wezempi, yenziwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-223. Ngo-June 1996, i-VF-103 Squadron yaba iyunithi yokuqala ye-Tomcat efakwe iziqukathi ze-LANTIRN ukuze ihambe endizeni yokulwa igibele umthwali wezindiza i-USS Enterprise. Futhi bekuyisikhathi sokuqala futhi kuphela lapho ama-Tomcats ahlome nge-LANTIRN esebenza esuka endaweni efanayo eduze kwamabhomu e-Grumman A-6E Intruder. Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-A-6E ekugcineni yahoxiswa emsebenzini. Intengo yekhatriji eyodwa yayilinganiselwa ku-3 million dollars. Sekukonke, i-US Navy yathenga amathreyi angama-75. Lena kwakungeyona inombolo eyayivumela iziqukathi ukuthi zisakazwe unomphela ezigabeni ngazinye. Iyunithi ngayinye eya emkhankasweni wezempi yathola iziqukathi ezingu-6-8, kanti ezinye zasetshenziswa ekuqeqesheni.

Maphakathi nawo-90s, mayelana nokuhoxiswa kwamabhomu asemoyeni e-A-6E kanye nethuba lokuhlomisa i-F-14 ngeziqukathi ze-LANTIRN, i-Navy yaqala uhlelo olulinganiselwe lwe-Tomcat yesimanje. I-F-14A ne-F-14B zithole ama-avionics azosondeza amakhono azo ezingeni lika-D, okuhlanganisa: amabhasi edatha e-MIL-STD-1553B, amakhompyutha athuthukisiwe e-AN / AYK-14 angaphakathi, athuthukisiwe AN / AWG-fire control 15 uhlelo, isistimu yokulawula indiza yedijithali (i-DFCS) ethathe indawo yesistimu ye-analog, kanye nesistimu yesixwayiso semisebe ye-AN / ALR-67 RWR.

I-Bombcat ekulweni

Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwemojula yokuqondisa ye-LANTIRN, izilwi ze-F-14 seziphenduke izinkundla ezinezinjongo eziningi ngempela ezikwazi ukwenza ukuhlasela okuzimele nokunembile ngokumelene nokuhlosiwe komhlabathi. I-Navy yasebenzisa ngokugcwele amakhono ama-Bombcats. Ngo-1996-2006, babamba iqhaza kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokulwa lapho izindiza ze-cabin zaseMelika zazibandakanyeka: ku-Operation Southern Watch e-Iraq, ku-Operation Allied Force e-Kosovo, ku-Operation Enduring Freedom e-Afghanistan, naku-Operation "inkululeko yase-Iraq" eya e-Iraq. .

I-Operation Southern Watch yaqala ngo-August 1992. Inhloso yawo bekuwukusungula nokulawula indawo okungeyiyo ukundiza kwezindiza zase-Iraq. Yayihlanganisa yonke ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Iraq - eningizimu ye-32nd parallel. Ngo-September 1996, umngcele wayiswa ku-33rd parallel. Iminyaka eyishumi nambili, izindiza zomfelandawonye zazulazula kule ndawo, ziphazamisa ukusebenza komoya wase-Iraq futhi ziphikisana nezinyathelo zokuvikela umoya i-Iraq evame "ukushushumbisa" kuzo endaweni. Esikhathini sokuqala, umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-Tomcat kwakuwukwenza ukugada kokuzingela okuvikelekile kanye nemishini yokubona kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ze-TARPS. Abasebenzi be-F-14 basebenzise ngempumelelo iziqukathi ze-LANTIRN ukuze bathole futhi balandelele ukunyakaza kwezikhali zezikhali zase-Iraq ezilwa nezindiza kanye neziqhumane zemicibisholo ezilwa nezindiza ezihambahambayo. Umsebenzi wokugada ojwayelekile wathatha amahora angama-3-4. Uhlu olude nokuqina kwama-F-14 fighters kwaba inzuzo yabo engangabazeki. Babekwazi ukuhlala beqapha izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunezilwi ze-Hornet, okwakudingeka zithathe uphethiloli owengeziwe emoyeni noma zikhululeke ngokunye ukushintsha.

Ngo-1998, ukungafuni kukaSaddam Hussein ukubambisana nabahloli be-UN mayelana nokufinyelela ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kanye nokuqoqwa kwezikhali ezibhubhisayo kwaholela enkingeni. NgoDisemba 16, 1998, i-United States yethula i-Operation Desert Fox, lapho izinto ezithile ezibalulekile e-Iraq zacekelwa phansi zingakapheli izinsuku ezine. Ngobusuku bokuqala, ukuhlasela kwenziwa ngokuphelele yi-US Navy, eyayisebenzisa izindiza ezisekelwe ezithwala kanye nemicibisholo ye-Tomahawk cruise. Bekuhanjelwe ama-F-14Bs avela eqenjini le-VF-32 elisebenza kunkampani yezindiza i-USS Enterprise. I-fighters ngayinye iphethe amabhomu amabili e-GBU-16 aqondiswayo. Ngobusuku obuthathu obulandelayo, ibutho lamasosha lahlasela izindawo ezihlosiwe endaweni yaseBaghdad. Ama-F-14B aphethe amabhomu e-GBU-16 kanye ne-GBU-10 ngisho namabhomu aqhumayo ahlaba izikhali ezinzima e-GBU-24. Zasetshenziswa ngokumelene nezisekelo kanye nezinto ze-Iraqi Republican Guard.