Isiguquli se-torque, i-CVT, i-clutch ekabili noma izimoto ze-clutch eyodwa, yini umehluko?

Ama-Audiophiles akhala ngenkathi yedijithali kanye nokuntuleka kwayo kokufudumala kwevinyl okujulile; abameli bekhilikithi balinganisa i-Twenty20 njengoziro ekhuluphele, nokho zombili lezi zinhlobo zokudelela azilutho uma ziqhathaniswa nokuzondwa kwabathandi bokushayela ababhekana nezinyathelo ezibonakala ziqhubekayo zokubusa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Akukhathalekile ukuthi abashayeli beFormula 1 bayakwazi ukwenza izinto ngamaphedali amabili kanye nezishintshayo ezimbalwa zokugwedla, abashayeli abashayelwa ngezandla baphikisa ngokuthi ukuphila akunanjongo ngaphandle kokubamba ama-pedal dancing.

Iqiniso nokho ukuthi iningi labathengi bezimoto bayakujabulela ukufaka ogiya babo ku-D beDo Small, ngakho ama-auto shifter asefinyelele cishe yonke indawo, njengoba iFederal Chamber of the Automotive Industry (FCAI) ithi i-automatic ichaza kabanzi. Amaphesenti angu-70 ezimoto ezintsha ezithengiswa e-Australia.

Eqinisweni, kuyamangaza ukuthi lesi sibalo asiphezulu uma ubheka ukuthi izimoto ezingaphansi kuka-4% ezithengiswa e-US zinezishintshayo.

Awukwazi ngisho ukuthenga iFerrari entsha, iLamborghini noma iNissan GT-R eshintshwayo.

Lokhu akubangelwa nje ubuvila kuphela, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, ukuthunyelwa kwe-othomathikhi kwaqhubeka kuphelele futhi kunokonga, okushiya inketho yezandla yabahlanzekile nabampofu.

Futhi impikiswano yokuthi awukwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekushayeleni ngaphandle kwe-shift iba buthaka nsuku zonke uma ucabanga ukuthi awukwazi ngisho nokuthenga i-Ferrari, i-Lamborghini noma i-Nissan GT-R entsha eshintshwayo (ngisho namamodeli ezemidlalo e-Porsche). ungakuniki ithuba).

Ngakho-ke kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi izimoto zibe yisinqumo esizenzakalelayo futhi yini eyenza zihehe kangangokuthi abantu bazimisele ukuzikhokhela kakhulu?

I-Torque Converter

Lena inketho ezenzakalelayo evamile etholakala ohlwini oludume kakhulu lwe-Mazda, kanye nohlobo olubiza kakhulu lwaseJapan iLexus.

Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-clutch ukuvula nokuvala i-torque yenjini ku-gearbox, ezimotweni zesintu ugesi uxhumeke unomphela kusetshenziswa i-torque converter.

Ama-othomathikhi e-torque converter anenzuzo ehlukile ye-torque ephezulu kuma-revs aphansi.

Lesi sixazululo sobunjiniyela esiyinkimbinkimbi siphusha uketshezi eduze kwendlu evaliwe ngosizo lwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-impeller". Uketshezi lushayela i-turbine ngakolunye uhlangothi lwendlu, edlulisela idrayivu ku-gearbox.

Isiguquli se-torque esizenzakalelayo sinenzuzo ehlukile yetorque eningi kuma-revs aphansi, alungele ukusheshisa ukusuka lapho umile futhi udlule. Ukusheshisa ukusuka lapho umile kuyashelela, njengokushintshwa kwegiya, obekungenjalo ngezimoto ezinyakazayo zasekuqaleni kwesitayela sama-80s.

Ngakho uwashintsha kanjani amagiya?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "amagiya eplanethi" lapho, elizwakala lihle kakhulu, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo libhekisela emagiyeni ahlelwe azungezile, njengezinyanga zizungeza iplanethi. Ngokushintsha ukuthi yimaphi amagiya azungezayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanye, ikhompyutha yokudlulisela ingashintsha izilinganiso zegiya futhi iphakamise amagiya afanele ukusheshisa noma ukunyakaza.

Enye yezinkinga zendabuko ngeziguquli ze-torque kube ukuthi empeleni awasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuxhumana okuqondile kwemishini phakathi kwama-shafts okokufaka nokuphumayo.

Iziguquli ze-torque zesimanje "zokuvala" zifaka i-clutch engumshini ukuze inikeze ukubamba okusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Engeza isethi yama-paddle shifter esiteringini futhi iziguquli ze-torque zesimanje zingahlaba umxhwele ngokugculisayo ngisho nabafowabo abahlome nge-clutch.

U-gearbox we-clutch owodwa

Isinyathelo esikhulu esilandelayo sokuya phambili kumshini ozishintshayo kube i-single clutch system, ecishe ifane ne-manual transmission enamaphedali amabili nje kuphela.

Ikhompyutha ilawula i-clutch bese ilungisa isivinini senjini ukuze kushintshwe amagiya abushelelezi.

Noma okungenani lowo kwakuwumbono, ngoba empeleni lawa manuwali azenzakalelayo angathatha isikhashana ukukhulula i-clutch, ukuguqula igiya futhi uphinde uhlanganyele, kubenze baqhaqhazele futhi bacasule, njengomshayeli ongumfundi noma ikhangaru ecashe ngaphansi kwehood yakho. .

Aye ashintshwa kakhulu futhi kufanele agwenywe lapho kuthengwa esetshenziswa.

I-BMW SMG (i-sequential manual transmission) yayiyingqalabutho kulo mkhakha, kodwa ngenkathi abaphathi bezobuchwepheshe beyithanda, abantu abaningi bahlanyiswa ukuntula ulwazi kwayo.

Ezinye izimoto zisadonsa kanzima nge-single clutch system, njenge-Fiat's Dualogic transmission, kodwa iningi labo sezishintshiwe futhi kumele zigwenywe uma uthenga izimoto ezike zasetshenziswa.

I-Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT)

I-dual clutch system izwakala sengathi kufanele ibe yinhle ngokuphindwe kabili, futhi injalo.

Lawa ma-gearbox athuthukile, mhlawumbe adume kakhulu kwaVolkswagen nge-DSG (Direkt-Schalt-Getriebe noma i-Direct Shift Gearbox), asebenzisa amasethi amabili ahlukene, ngalinye line-clutch yalo.

Imoto yesimanje esebenza kahle ene-DCT iyakwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngama-millisecond nje.

Ohlelweni lokudluliswa kwejubane okuyisikhombisa, i-1-3-5-7 izoba kusixhumanisi esisodwa no-2-4-6 kwenye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ugijima ngegiya lesithathu, kungenzeka ukuthi selikhethiwe igiya lesine, ngakho uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha, ikhompuyutha ivele idedele i-clutch eyodwa bese ibamba enye, okuholela ekutheni kucishe kube bushelelezi. Imoto yesimanje esebenza kahle ene-DCT iyakwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngama-millisecond nje.

Isistimu ye-VW iyashesha, kodwa ama-gearbox asebenza ezimotweni afana neNissan GT-R, McLaren 650S kanye neFerrari 488 GTB ahlinzeka izikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha futhi cishe akukho ukulahleka kwetorque phakathi.

Nakuba kunzima ukuthi i-purist igwinye, iphinde iyenze isheshe futhi ibe lula ukuyiphatha kunanoma iyiphi i-manual.

I-Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengesixazululo esizenzakalelayo esiphelele, kodwa i-CVT ingabacasula abanye abantu.

I-CVT yenza lokho ekushoyo kulebula. Esikhundleni sokushintsha phakathi kwenani elinikeziwe lamagiya anqunywe kusengaphambili, i-CVT ingashintsha isilinganiso segiya endizeni cishe unomphela.

Cabanga ngekhoni yethrafikhi egibele i-ekseli, ne-asile yesibili engenalutho ehambisana neyokuqala. Manje faka i-elastic ku-axle ne-cone.

Ama-CVT angagcina injini isebenza kahle kakhulu

Uma uhambisa ibhande lenjoloba phezulu naphansi kwekhoni yethrafikhi, uzoshintsha ukuthi i-asi engenalutho kufanele ijikeleze kangaki ukuze uqedele ukuzungezisa okukodwa kwekhoni. Ngokuhambisa ibha phezulu naphansi, ushintsha isilinganiso segiya.

Njengoba isilinganiso segiya singashintshwa ngaphandle kokushintsha amagiya, ama-CVT angakwazi ukugcina injini isebenza kahle kakhulu.

Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ugijima emotweni ene-CVT, ikhipha umsindo olokhu uvunguza esikhundleni somsindo ojwayelekile ovela phezulu naphansi.

Iyonga kakhulu, kodwa ayizwakali ijabulisa njengoba kufanele injini. Futhi, lona umbono we-purist futhi abanye abantu ababoni umehluko nhlobo ngaphandle kwephampu yamafutha.

Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyikhethe?

Ama-automatics esimanje anikeza ukonga uphethiloli okungcono kunamanuwali ngenxa yokukhethwa okukhulu kwezilinganiso zamagiya. Amagiya amaningi ashintshwayo anamagiya ayisithupha aya phambili, nakuba iPorsche 911 inikeza ayisikhombisa.

Amasistimu esimanje ane-dual-clutch asebenzisa amagiya ayisikhombisa, izimoto ezishintsha ama-torque zikhuphukela kwayisishiyagalolunye, kanti ama-CVT angakha inani elicishe lingapheli lezilinganiso zamagiya, okusho ukuthi ahlinzeka ngowonga ongcono kakhulu kaphethiloli.

Ngezivinini zamashifu ezidida umshayeli oshintshwayo osheshayo, i-othomathikhi ingasheshisa futhi.

Akuwona nje amasistimu wokubamba ama-dual-clutch ashesha kakhulu; Ukudluliswa kwe-torque ye-torque eyisishiyagalolunye ye-ZF kunikeza ukuguqulwa okuthiwa "kungaphansi komkhawulo wokubona".

Ama-automaker amaningi ayaqhela ngokuphelele ekuthumeleni okwenziwa ngesandla.

Kufana namakhethini abaholi abathobekile; osekuphenduke inketho enensa, yomile, futhi edla unyawo lwesokunxele.

Ama-automaker amaningi alahla ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke akuyona inketho yemodeli eyisisekelo ukonga amarandi ambalwa.

Kunzima ukukukholelwa, kodwa ukushayela okwenziwa ngesandla kungase kubonakale njengento engenangqondo kubazukulu bakho njengoba amarekhodi e-vinyl ekhona namuhla.

Yiziphi izinketho zakho zokudlulisela? Usashayela umakhenikha? Sitshele ukuthi ucabangani kumazwana angezansi.