Imoto yeHybrid: okudingeka ukwazi!

Emuva ngo-1997, kwaToyota bethula imoto yabagibeli eyiPrius emhlabeni, ngemuva kwesikhashana (ngemuva kweminyaka emibili) kwaHonda bakhipha i-Insight, eyi-hybrid hatchback edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili. Izimoto ezingama-hybrid ziya ngokuya zanda futhi zivame kakhulu kulezi zinsuku.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-nzalo ayikusasa lomhlaba wezimoto, kuyilapho abanye bevele bengayiboni imoto engasebenzisa noma yini ngaphandle kwedizili noma uphethiloli njengophethiloli. Sinqume ukukulungiselela okubalulekile, lapho sizozama ukukhombisa zonke izinzuzo nezingozi zokuba nemoto eyi-hybrid. Ngakho ake siqale.

Zingaki izinhlobo zezimoto ezihlanganisiwe ezikhona?

Okokuqala, igama elithi "hybrid" livela olimini lwesiLatini futhi lisho okuthile okunomsuka oxubile noma ohlanganisa izinto ezingafani. Ukukhuluma ngezimoto, lapha kusho imoto enezinhlobo ezimbili ze-powertrain (injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kanye nenjini kagesi).

Izinhlobo zezimoto ezi-hybrid:

• ithambile;
• kuyavumelana;
• ukufana;
• kugcwele;
• elishajekayo.

Imoto eyi-hybrid emnene

Ithambile. Lapha i-starter ne-alternator zithathelwa indawo ngokuphelele yimoto kagesi, esetshenziselwa ukuqala nokuxhasa injini. Lokhu kwandisa amandla emoto, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli cishe nge-15%. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezimoto ezi-hybrid eziphansi yiSuzuki Swift SHVS neHonda CRZ.

Izimoto ezingama-hybrid ezimaphakathi zisebenzisa imoto encane kagesi engena esikhundleni se-starter ne-alternator (ebizwa nge-dynamo). Ngale ndlela, isiza injini kaphethiloli futhi yenze imisebenzi kagesi yemoto lapho kungekho umthwalo enjinini.

Kanye nohlelo olufakiwe lokuqalisa, uhlelo lwe-hybrid olumnene lukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa, kepha akusho ukuthi lusondela emazingeni agcwele e-hybrid.

Izimoto ezigcwele ngokuphelele

Kuzinhlelo ezi-hybrid ngokuphelele, imoto ingaqhutshwa yimoto kagesi kunoma yisiphi isigaba sohambo. Futhi lapho ushesha, futhi unyakaza ngesivinini esiphansi esitebeleni. Isibonelo, emjikelezweni wedolobha imoto ingasebenzisa eyodwa kuphela kagesi. Ngokuqonda, i-hybrid ephelele yi-BMW X6 ActiveHybrid.

Uhlelo olugcwele lwe-hybrid lukhulu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukulifaka kune-hybrid emnene. Kodwa-ke, zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa ugesi kuphela uma ushayela edolobheni kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-20%.

I-hybrid ekhokhwayo

I-plug-in hybrid iyimoto enenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, imoto kagesi, imodyuli eyi-hybrid, nebhethri elingavuselelwa kusuka esitolo. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi ibhethri liphakathi ngosayizi: lincane kunemoto kagesi, futhi likhulu kunaleli le-hybrid ejwayelekile.

Izinzuzo zezimoto ezihlanganisiwe

Cabanga ngezinto ezinhle zezimoto ezihlanganisiwe:

• Ubuhlobo bendawo. Amamodeli ezimoto ezinjalo asebenza kwimithombo engayilimazi imvelo. Injini kagesi nophethiloli kuyasebenzisana ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, konga isabelomali sakho.
• Ezomnotho. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi kuyinzuzo esobala. Lapha, noma ngabe amabhethri aphansi, kunenjini endala, enhle yomlilo yangaphakathi, futhi uma iphela uphethiloli, uzothela uphethiloli egalaji lokuqala olitholayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngendawo yokushaja. Sizikhandle.
• Ukuncika okuncane emafutheni ezimbiwa phansi. Ngomshini kagesi, imoto eyi-hybrid idinga okokubasa okumbalwa okumbiwa phansi, okuholela ekukhishweni okuncane nokuncika okuncane kumafutha ezimbiwa phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwehla kwamanani kaphethiloli nakho kungalindelwa.
• Ukusebenza okungcono. Ukusebenza futhi yisizathu esihle sokuthenga imoto eyi-hybrid. Imoto kagesi ingabhekwa njengohlobo lwe-supercharger ngaphandle kukaphethiloli owengeziwe odingekayo ku-turbine noma ku-compressor.

Okubi kwezimoto zeHybrid

Amandla amancane. Izimoto ezingama-Hybrid zisebenzisa izinjini ezimbili ezizimele, ngenjini kaphethiloli esebenza njengomthombo wamandla oyinhloko. Izinjini ezimbili ezisemotweni zisho ukuthi injini kaphethiloli noma imoto kagesi ngeke ibe namandla njengophethiloli ojwayelekile noma ezimotweni zikagesi. futhi lokhu kunengqondo impela.

Ukuthenga okubizayo. Intengo ephezulu, izindleko zayo ngokwesilinganiso ziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyishumi zamaRandi ngaphezu kwezimoto ezivamile. Noma, lokhu kungukutshalwa kwemali okukodwa okuzokhokha.

Izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu. Ukulungiswa nokunakekelwa kwalezi zimoto kungaba nzima ngenxa yezinjini ezingamawele, intuthuko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu.

Amabhethri aphezulu kagesi. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, amandla aphezulu aqukethwe kumabhethri angabulala.

Ukuhlolwa nokusebenza kwezimoto ezingama-hybrid

Amabhethri ngokuvamile adinga ukushintshwa ngemuva Iminyaka engu-15-20, imoto kagesi ingaba newaranti yempilo yonke. Izimoto ezingama-hybrid zinconyelwa ukuthi zilethwe kuphela ezikhungweni ezisemthethweni ezisetshenziselwe imishini ekhethekile futhi kuqashwe ongoti abaqeqeshwe ezimisweni zokusevisa lolu hlobo lwemoto. Ukuhlolwa kwezimoto zeHybrid kufaka:

• amakhodi wephutha lokuxilonga;
• ibhethri elihlanganisiwe;
• ukuhlukaniswa kwebhethri;
• ukusebenza kwesistimu;
• uhlelo lokupholisa. 

Izinganekwane ze-Urban Hybrid

1. Kwangathi ugesi. Kuze kube manje, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi umshayeli nabagibeli bemoto eyi-hybrid bangabanjwa ugesi. Lokhu akulona neze iqiniso. AmaHybrid anokuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu, okubandakanya ngokumelene nengozi yomonakalo onjalo. Futhi uma ucabanga ukuthi ibhethri lemoto nalo liyaqhuma njengakuma-smartphones, unephutha.
2. Sebenza kabi esimweni sezulu esibandayo... Ngasizathu simbe, abanye abashayeli bakholelwa ukuthi izimoto ezi-hybrid azisebenzi kahle ebusika. Le enye inganekwane yokuthi sekuyisikhathi esikhulu sokuyisusa. Into ukuthi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqaliswa yimoto enamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nebhethri yokudonsa, enamandla amakhulu kaningana kunokuqala kwendabuko nebhethri. Kuze kube yilapho ibhethri lifinyelela ekushiseni kwegumbi, ukusebenza kwalo kuzokhawulelwa, okuzothinta ngokungaqondile kuphela ukuphuma kwamandla kohlelo, ngoba umthombo oyinhloko wamandla we-hybrid uhlala uyinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, amakhaza awesabeki emotweni enjalo.
3. Kuyabiza ukunakekelwaAbantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukugcina izimoto ezingama-hybrid kubiza kakhulu kunezimoto zikaphethiloli ezijwayelekile. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Izindleko zesondlo ziyefana. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nokugcinwa kwemoto eyi-hybrid kungabiza kancane ngenxa yezici ezithile zesitshalo samandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zisebenzisa uphethiloli omncane kakhulu kunezimoto ze-ICE.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-hybrid kanye nemoto evamile? Imoto eyi-hybrid ihlanganisa imingcele yemoto kagesi kanye nemoto yakudala enenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Umgomo wokusebenza kwamadrayivu amabili ahlukene ungase uhluke.

Kusho ukuthini okubhaliwe emotweni eyi-hybrid? Ingxubevange ngokwezwi nezwi iyisiphambano phakathi kokuthile. Endabeni yemoto, iyingxube yemoto kagesi kanye nenjini evamile yangaphakathi evuthayo. Umbhalo onjalo emotweni ubonisa ukuthi imoto isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zamayunithi amandla.

Iyiphi imoto eyi-hybrid okufanele uyithenge? Imodeli ethandwa kakhulu yiToyota Prius (ama-hybrid amaningi asebenza ngesimiso esifanayo), futhi inketho enhle yiChevrolet Volt, Honda CR-V Hybrid.