Kuphi esimisweni sonozungezilanga ukubheka ukuphila?

Esihlokweni, umbuzo awuwona "kungabe?", kodwa "kuphi?". Ngakho siqagela ukuthi impilo cishe ikhona ndawana thize, obekungacaci kangako emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Kufanele uye kuphi kuqala futhi yimiphi imisebenzi okufanele yabelwe isabelomali sendawo elinganiselwe? Ngemva kokutholakala kwakamuva, amazwi avele emkhathini weVenus ukuze aqondise amarokhethi ethu kanye nokuphenya lapho, ikakhulukazi eduze noMhlaba.

1. I-DAVINCI mission - ukubona ngeso

NgoFebhuwari 2020, i-NASA yanikeza ama-dollar ayizigidi ezi-XNUMX emaqenjini amane ephrojekthi. Okubili kwakho kugxile ekulungiseleleni umsebenzi. I-Venus, eyodwa igxile enyangeni yentaba-mlilo kaJupiter i-Io, kanti eyesine igxile enyangeni kaNeptune i-Triton. La maqembu yiwona afinyelela kowamanqamu wenqubo yokuhlunga Umsebenzi we-NASA Discovery class. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yimishini emincane enesabelomali esilinganiselwa ku-$450 million, ngaphezu kwemishini emikhulu ye-NASA. Kumaphrojekthi amane akhethiwe, amabili aphezulu azoxhaswa ngokugcwele. Imali eyabelwe bona izosetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwemishini nemiqondo ehlobene nomsebenzi wabo ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Enye yemishini yamaVenus eyaziwa ngokuthi I-DAVINCHI + () inikeza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokuthumela uphenyo ekujuleni komkhathi weVenus (eyodwa). Nakuba ukusesha ukuphila bekungaphumi embuzweni ekuqaleni, ubani owaziyo ukuthi izambulo zikaSepthemba mayelana nokuphuma kokunye okungaba khona kokuphila, i-phosphine emafini eplanethi, izoba nomthelela ohlelweni lwemishini. Umgomo oya e-Triton uhilela ukufuna ulwandle olungaphansi kwamanzi, futhi imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-Enceladus olwenziwa umkhumbi-mkhathi i-Cassini ihlale inephunga leminonjana yempilo.

okokugcina ukutholakala emafwini eVenus lokhu kwabhebhethekisa umcabango wabacwaningi nesifiso, futhi ngemva kwalokho okutholwe eminyakeni yamuva. Ziphi-ke ezinye izindawo ezithembisa kakhulu zokuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba? Kufanele uye kuphi? Yiziphi izinqolobane Zohlelo, ngaphandle kweVenus eshiwo, okufanele zihlolwe. Nazi izikhombisi-ndlela ezithembisa kakhulu.

Mashi

I-Mars ingenye yemihlaba efana noMhlaba esimisweni sonozungezilanga. Inewashi lamahora angu-24,5, izingqimba zeqhwa ezinwebekayo ezinwebekayo nezivumelana nezinkathi zonyaka, kanye nenani elikhulu lezinto ezingaphezulu eziqoshwe amanzi agelezayo namile kuwo wonke umlando wale planethi. Ukutholwa kwakamuva kwechibi elijulile (2) ngaphansi south polar ice cap i i-methane emkhathini we-Martian (okuqukethwe kwakho kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka ngisho nesikhathi sosuku) kwenza i-Mars ibe ikhandidethi elithakazelisa nakakhulu.

2. Umbono wamanzi ngaphansi kweMars

methane lokhu kubalulekile kule cocktail ngoba ingakhiqizwa izinqubo eziphilayo. Nokho, umthombo we-methane kuyi-Mars awukaziwa okwamanje. Mhlawumbe ukuphila kuyi-Mars kwakuke kwaba nezimo ezingcono, uma kubhekwa ubufakazi bokuthi le planethi yake yaba nendawo ekahle kakhulu. Namuhla, iMars inomoya omncane kakhulu, owomile, ocishe wakhiwe ngokuphelele isikhutha, esinikeza isivikelo esincane emisebeni yelanga nasemkhathini. Uma iMars ikwazile ukugcina ingaphansi kancane kobuso izindawo zokugcina amanziKungenzeka ukuthi ukuphila kusengaba khona.

IYurophu

UGalileo wathola iYurophu eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amane edlule, kanye nezinye ezintathu ezinkulu Izinyanga zeJupiter. Incane kancane kuneNyanga Yomhlaba futhi izungeza i-gas giant emjikelezweni wezinsuku ezi-3,5 ebangeni elingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-670. km (3). Ilokhu icindezelwa futhi yelulwe yizindawo zamandla adonsela phansi e-Jupiter nezinye iziphuphutheki. Ibhekwa njengezwe elisebenza ngokuma komhlaba, njengoMhlaba, ngoba ingaphakathi layo elinamatshe nensimbi lishiswa amathonya anamandla adonsela phansi, aligcina lincibilikile ngokwengxenye.

3. Umbono wobuciko wobuso beYurophu

I-Europe Square kuyindawo enkulu yeqhwa lamanzi. Ososayensi abaningi bayakukholelwa lokho ngaphansi kwendawo eqandisiwe kunongqimba lwamanzi aluketshezi, ulwandle lomhlaba wonke, olufudunyezwa ukushisa kwalo futhi lungajula ngaphezu kwe-100 km. Ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalolu lwandle, phakathi kwezinye izinto, amagiza ukuqhuma emifantwini yeqhwa, indawo kazibuthe ebuthakathaka, kanye nephethini yendawo enesiphithiphithi engase yonakaliswe ukuzungezisa ngaphansi imisinga yolwandle. Leli shidi leqhwa livikela ulwandle olungaphansi komhlaba emakhazeni amakhulu futhi i-vacuum yesikhalakanye nasemisebeni ye-Jupiter. Ungacabanga ama-hydrothermal vents kanye nezintaba-mlilo phansi kwalolu lwandle. Emhlabeni, izici ezinjalo zivame ukusekela amasistimu emvelo anothe kakhulu futhi ahlukahlukene.

Enceladus

NjengaseYurophu, Enceladus yinyanga embozwe yiqhwa enolwandle olungaphansi kwamanzi aluketshezi. I-Enceladus iyahamba ISaturn futhi okokuqala kwaqashelwa ososayensi njengezwe okungahlalwa kulo ngemva kokutholakala kwama-geyser amakhulu eduze nendawo eseningizimu yenyanga.(4) Lawa majethi amanzi aphuma emifantwini emikhulu engaphezulu futhi asakazeke emkhathini. Ziwubufakazi obucacile isitoreji samanzi samanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

4. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo ingaphakathi le-Enceladus

Kula magiza, akutholakalanga amanzi kuphela, kodwa nezinhlayiya eziphilayo kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane zezinhlayiya ezinamatshe ze-silicate ezenzeka ngesikhathi kuhlangana amanzi olwandle angaphansi komhlaba namadwala aphansi olwandle ezingeni lokushisa okungenani elingu-90 ° C. Lobu ubufakazi obunamandla kakhulu bokuba khona kwezikhala ezishisayo ngaphansi kolwandle.

titanium

I-Titan inyanga enkulu ye-Saturn i okuwukuphela kwenyanga esimisweni sonozungezilanga enomoya owugqinsi futhi ominyene. Imbozwe inkungu ewolintshi eyenziwe ngama-molecule ephilayo. Lokhu kwabuye kwabonwa kulo mkhathi. uhlelo lwesimo sezululapho i-methane ibonakala idlala indima efana neyamanzi aseMhlabeni. Kukhona imvula (5), izikhathi zesomiso, nezindunduma ezidalwe umoya. Ukubhekwa kwe-radar kuye kwembula ukuba khona kwemifula namachibi e-methane ewuketshezi ne-ethane, futhi ngokunokwenzeka nokuba khona kwama-cryovolcano, ukwakheka kwentaba-mlilo okuqhuma amanzi awuketshezi esikhundleni sodaka. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi I-Titan, njenge-Europa ne-Enceladus, inendawo yokugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.. Umkhathi wakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-nitrogen, eyingxenye ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila ezaziwayo.

5. Umbono wemvula ye-methane ku-Titan

Ebangeni elikhulu kangaka ukusuka eLangeni, izinga lokushisa le-Titan likude kakhulu nokunethezeka -180˚C, ngakho amanzi awuketshezi awekho umbuzo. Nokho, amakhemikhali atholakala ku-Titan aphakamise ukuqagela kokuthi kungase kube khona izinhlobo zokuphila ezinokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhluke ngokuphelele kukhemikhali yokuphila eyaziwayo. 

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