Kona kuphi?

I-Physics izithole isisesimweni esingesihle. Nakuba ineStandard Model yayo, esanda kulekelelwa yizinhlayiyana ze-Higgs, konke lokhu kuthuthukiswa akwenzi okuncane ukuchaza izimfihlakalo ezinkulu zesimanje, amandla amnyama, izinto ezimnyama, amandla adonsela phansi, ama-matter-antimatter asymmetries, kanye nama-oscillations e-neutrino.

URoberto Unger no-Lee Smolin

Lee Smolin, isazi sefiziksi esaziwayo osekuyiminyaka kukhulunywa ngaso njengomunye wabazohlomula uMklomelo KaNobel, osanda kushicilelwa nesazi sefilosofi. Roberto Ungerem, incwadi ethi “The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time”. Kulo, abalobi bahlaziya, ngamunye kusukela ekubukeni kwesiyalo sabo, isimo esididekile se-physics yesimanje. “Isayensi iyehluleka lapho ishiya indawo yokuqinisekisa yokuhlola kanye nethuba lokuphika,” bayabhala. Banxusa izazi zefiziksi ukuthi zibuyele emuva zibheke isiqalo esisha.

Izipesheli zabo ziqondile. U-Smolin no-Unger, isibonelo, bafuna ukuthi sibuyele emcabangweni Umkhathi owodwa. Isizathu silula - sithola indawo yonke eyodwa kuphela, futhi eyodwa yayo ingaphenywa ngokwesayensi, kuyilapho izimangalo zokuba khona kobuningi bazo zingenakuqinisekiswa ngokomthetho.. Omunye umcabango uSmolin no-Unger abahlongoza ukwamukela umi kanje. iqiniso lesikhathiukunganiki izazi zemfundisoze ithuba lokubalekela ingqikithi yeqiniso noguquko lwalo. Futhi, ekugcineni, ababhali banxusa ukuba kunqandwe uthando lwezibalo, okuthi, kumamodeli ayo “amahle” nenhle, luhlukane nezwe elinolwazi ngempela nelingenzeka. hlola ngokuhlola.

Ubani owaziyo "mathematics beautiful" string theory, lena yakamuva ikubona kalula ukugxeka kwayo emibhalweni engenhla. Nokho, inkinga ivame kakhulu. Izitatimende eziningi nezincwadi namuhla zikholelwa ukuthi i-physics isifinyelele ekugcineni. Kumelwe ukuba senze iphutha endaweni ethile endleleni, abacwaningi abaningi bayavuma.

Ngakho uSmolin no-Unger ababodwa. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ku-"Nature" UGeorge Ellis i Joseph Silk ishicilele isihloko mayelana ukuvikela ubuqotho be-physicsngokugxeka labo abavame ukuthambekela ekuhlehliseni ucwaningo olungapheli "lwakusasa" ukuze bahlole izinkolelo-mbono ezihlukahlukene "ezifashini" ze-cosmological. Kufanele zibonakale "ngobuhle obanele" kanye nenani elichazayo. “Lokhu kwephula isiko lesayensi lamakhulu eminyaka lokuthi ulwazi lwesayensi luwulwazi. kuqinisekiswe ngokomthethoososayensi bayakhumbuza. Amaqiniso abonisa ngokucacile "i-impasse yokuhlola" ye-physics yesimanje.. Imibono yakamuva mayelana nemvelo nesakhiwo somhlaba kanye nomhlaba wonke, njengomthetho, ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa okutholakala esintwini.

I-Supersymmetric Particle Analogs - Ukubona ngeso lengqondo

Ngokuthola i-Higgs boson, ososayensi "baphumelele" imodeli ejwayelekile. Nokho, umhlaba wefiziksi usekude nokwaneliseka. Siyazi ngawo wonke ama-quark nama-leptons, kodwa asazi ukuthi singakuhlanganisa kanjani lokhu nenkolelo-mbono ka-Einstein ye-gravity. Asazi ukuthi singahlanganisa kanjani i-quantum mechanics namandla adonsela phansi ukuze sakhe ithiyori ehambisanayo ye-quantum gravity. Asazi futhi ukuthi iyini i-Big Bang (noma ukuthi yayikhona ngempela).

Njengamanje, masiyibize ongoti befiziksi abajwayelekile, babona isinyathelo esilandelayo ngemuva kwe-Standard Model ku i-supersymmetry (SUSY), ebikezela ukuthi yonke izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo esizaziyo "inomlingani" olinganayo. Lokhu kuphinda kabili inani eliphelele lamabhulokhi wokwakha wento, kodwa ithiyori ilingana kahle nezibalo zezibalo futhi, okubalulekile, inikeza ithuba lokwembula imfihlakalo ye-cosmic dark matter. Kwasala kuphela ukulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Large Hadron Collider, ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona izinhlayiya ze-supersymmetric.

Nokho, azikho izinto ezinjalo eziye zatholwa eGeneva. Uma kungekho lutho olusha olusavela ekuhlolweni kwe-LHC, izazi ze-physics eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi imibono ye-supersymmetric kufanele ihoxiswe buthule, futhi uchungechunge olukhuluokusekelwe ku-supersymmetry. Kukhona ososayensi abakulungele ukuyivikela, ngisho noma ingakutholi ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa, ngoba inkolelo-mbono ye-SUSA "yinhle kakhulu ukuba ingamanga." Uma kunesidingo, bahlose ukuhlola kabusha izibalo zabo ukuze bafakazele ukuthi ubuningi bezinhlayiyana ze-supersymmetric zingaphandle nje kobubanzi be-LHC.

I-anomaly yamaqaba

Okuvelayo - kulula ukukusho! Kodwa-ke, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, izazi zefiziksi ziphumelela ukufaka i-muon emzileni ozungeza iproton, futhi i-proton "ikhukhumala", khona-ke izinto ezingavamile ziqala ukwenzeka ku-physics eyaziwa ngathi. Inguqulo enzima kakhulu ye-athomu ye-hydrogen idalwe futhi kuvela ukuthi i-nucleus, i.e. i-proton ku-athomu enjalo inkulu (okungukuthi inerediyasi enkulu) kuneproton "evamile".

I-Physics njengoba siyazi ayikwazi ukuchaza lesi simo. I-muon, i-lepton ethatha indawo ye-electron ku-athomu, kufanele iziphathe njenge-electron - futhi yenza, kodwa kungani lolu shintsho luthinta ubukhulu beproton? Izazi zefiziksi azikuqondi lokhu. Mhlawumbe bangadlula kukho, kodwa... ima kancane. Usayizi we-proton uhlobene nemibono yamanje ye-physics, ikakhulukazi i-Standard Model. Osolwazi baqala ukuzwakalisa lokhu kuxhumana okungachazeki uhlobo olusha lokusebenzelana okuyisisekelo. Nokho, lokhu kuwukuqagela kuphela kuze kube manje. Endleleni, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngama-athomu e-deuterium, kukholelwa ukuthi i-neutron ku-nucleus ingaba nomthelela emiphumeleni. Ama-proton ayemakhulu ngisho nama-muons nxazonke kunama-electron.

Okunye okusha okuxakayo ubukhona obavela ngenxa yocwaningo lososayensi baseTrinity College Dublin. uhlobo olusha lokukhanya. Esinye sezici ezilinganiselwe zokukhanya umfutho wakho we-angular. Kuze kube manje, bekukholelwa ukuthi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokukhanya, umfutho we-angular uyi-multiple of I-Planck ihlala njalo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uDkt. UKyle Ballantyne kanye noprofesa Paul Eastham i John Donegan bathole uhlobo lokukhanya lapho umfutho we-angular we-photon ngayinye uyingxenye engaguquki ye-Planck.

Lokhu kutholakala okuphawulekayo kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nezakhiwo eziyisisekelo zokukhanya esasicabanga ukuthi zazihlala njalo zingashintshwa. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela wangempela ekutadisheni ubunjalo bokukhanya futhi kuzothola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, isibonelo, ekuxhumaneni okuphephile kwe-optical. Kusukela ngawo-80, izazi zefiziksi ziye zazibuza ukuthi izinhlayiya zihamba kanjani ngezilinganiso ezimbili kuphela zesikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Bathole ukuthi sizobe sesibhekana nezigigaba eziningi ezingajwayelekile, okuhlanganisa nezinhlayiya amavelu azo e-quantum azoba izingxenyana. Manje sekufakazelwe ukukhanya. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, kodwa kusho ukuthi imibono eminingi isadinga ukubuyekezwa. Futhi lesi kumane kuyisiqalo sokuxhumana nezinto ezintsha ezitholakele eziletha ukuvutshelwa ku-physics.

Ngonyaka odlule, kwavela ulwazi kwabezindaba ukuthi izazi zefiziksi zaseCornell University zikuqinisekisile ekuhloleni kwazo. Umphumela we-Quantum Zeno - ithuba lokumisa uhlelo lwe-quantum kuphela ngokubheka okuqhubekayo. Iqanjwe ngesazi sefilosofi esingumGreki sasendulo esasithi ukunyakaza kuwumbono ongenakwenzeka ngempela. Ukuxhumana komcabango wasendulo ne-physics yesimanje kuwumsebenzi Baidyanatha Misri i UGeorge Sudarshan waseNyuvesi yaseTexas, owachaza lendida ngo-1977. UDavid Wineland, isazi sefiziksi saseMelika kanye nomnqobi weNobel Prize ku-physics, u-MT akhulume naye ngoNovemba 2012, wenza ukubhekwa kokuqala kokuhlolwa komphumela we-Zeno, kodwa ososayensi abavumanga ukuthi ukuhlola kwakhe kuyaqinisekisa yini ukuba khona kwalesi simo.

Ukubonakala kokuhlolwa kwe-Wheeler

Ngonyaka odlule uthole okusha Mukund Vengalattoreokwathi, kanye nethimba lakhe labacwaningi, benza ucwaningo elabhorethri ye-ultracold e-Cornell University. Ososayensi bakha futhi bapholisa igesi engaba ama-athomu angama-rubidium angaba yibhiliyoni egumbini le-vacuum futhi bamisa isisindo phakathi kwemishayo ye-laser. Ama-athomu azihlela futhi enza uhlelo lwe-lattice - aziphatha njengokungathi asemzimbeni we-crystalline. Lapho kubanda kakhulu, zazikwazi ukusuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu. Izazi zefiziksi zawabheka ngesibonakhulu futhi zawakhanyisa nge-laser imaging system ukuze akwazi ukuzibona. Lapho i-laser icishiwe noma inamandla aphansi, ama-athomu ayehubhuka ngokukhululekile, kodwa njengoba i-laser beam ikhanya futhi nezilinganiso zenziwa kaningi, izinga lokungena lehle kakhulu.

U-Vengalattore ufingqe ukuhlola kwakhe ngale ndlela elandelayo: "Manje sinethuba eliyingqayizivele lokulawula amandla e-quantum kuphela ngokubuka." Ingabe ongqondongqondo "abanengqondo", kusukela kuZeno kuya eBerkeley, bahlekwa usulu "enkathini yokucabanga", ngabe babeqinisile ukuthi izinto zikhona kuphela ngoba sizibuka?

Muva nje, kuvame ukuvela okungafani nokungahambisani nemibono (ngokusobala) eye yazinza phakathi neminyaka edlule. Esinye isibonelo sivela ekuhlolweni kwezinkanyezi - ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule kwavela ukuthi indawo yonke ikhula ngokushesha kunalokho okusikisela amamodeli abonakalayo aziwayo. Ngokwe-athikili Yemvelo ka-April 2016, izilinganiso zososayensi base-Johns Hopkins University zaziphakeme ngo-8% kunalokho obekulindelwe yi-physics yesimanje. Ososayensi basebenzisa indlela entsha ukuhlaziya okuthiwa amakhandlela ajwayelekile, i.e. imithombo yokukhanya ibhekwa njengezinzile. Futhi, ukuphawula komphakathi wesayensi kuthi le miphumela ikhomba inkinga enkulu ngemibono yamanje.

Omunye wezazi zesayensi zesimanje ezivelele, UJohn Archibald Wheeler, wenze isiphakamiso senguqulo yesikhala yokuhlolwa kwe-double-slit eyaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ekwakheni kwakhe ingqondo, ukukhanya okuvela kuyi- quasar, ibanga elingama-light-year ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane, kudlula ezinhlangothini ezimbili ezihlukene zomthala. Uma izibukeli zibuka ngayinye yalezi zindlela ngokwehlukana, zizobona ama-photon. Uma bobabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, bazobona igagasi. Ngakho Sam isenzo sokubuka sishintsha ubunjalo bokukhanyaeyashiya i-quasar eminyakeni eyisigidi edlule.

NgokukaWheeler, lokhu okungenhla kufakazela ukuthi indawo yonke ayinakuba khona ngomqondo ongokoqobo, okungenani ngomqondo esiwujwayele ukuqonda “isimo somzimba.” Akunakwenzeka nakudala, kuze kube...sithathe isilinganiso. Ngakho, ubukhulu bethu bamanje buthonya okwedlule. Ngakho-ke, ngokuqaphela kwethu, ukutholwa kanye nezilinganiso, silolonga izehlakalo zesikhathi esidlule, emuva esikhathini, kuze kube ... ekuqaleni Kwendawo Yonke!

Ukulungiswa kwehologram kuyaphela

I-Black Hole physics ibonakala ibonisa, njengoba okungenani amamodeli athile ezibalo ebonisa, ukuthi indawo yonke ayikona lokho izinzwa zethu ezisitshela ukuba yikho, okungukuthi, i-three-dimensional (ubukhulu besine, isikhathi, saziswa ingqondo). Iqiniso elisizungezile lingase libe ihologram iwukuqagela kwendiza enezinhlangothi ezimbili, ekude. Uma lesi sithombe sendawo yonke silungile, inkohliso yesimo sesikhathi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu singaqedwa ngokushesha lapho amathuluzi okucwaninga esinawo ezwela ngokwanele. UCraig Hogan, uprofesa wesayensi yemvelo eFermilab oye wanikela iminyaka ecwaninga ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sendawo yonke, usikisela ukuthi leli zinga lisanda kufinyelelwa. Uma indawo yonke iyihologram, mhlawumbe sesifinyelele imikhawulo yesinqumo esingokoqobo. Ezinye izazi zefiziksi zithuthukisa umbono othakazelisayo wokuthi isikhathi sesikhala esiphila kuso asiqhubeki ekugcineni, kodwa, njengesithombe esisesithombeni sedijithali, ezingeni laso eliyisisekelo sakhiwe uhlobo oluthile "lokusanhlamvu" noma "iphikseli". Uma kunjalo, iqiniso lethu kufanele libe nohlobo oluthile "lwesinqumo" sokugcina. Lena yindlela abanye abacwaningi abahumusha ngayo “umsindo” owavela emiphumeleni yomtshina wamagagasi adonsela phansi we-Geo600 eminyakeni embalwa edlule.

Ukuze kuvivinywe lokhu kucabanga okungajwayelekile, uCraig Hogan nethimba lakhe bakha i-interferometer enembe kunayo yonke emhlabeni, ebizwa ngokuthi. I-Hogan holometerokufanele kusinikeze isilinganiso esinembe kakhulu sengqikithi yesikhathi sesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa, okuqanjwe ngekhodi i-Fermilab E-990, akuyona eminye eminingi. Ihlose ukukhombisa ubunjalo be-quantum yendawo ngokwayo kanye nokuba khona kwalokho ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi "umsindo we-holographic". Iholomitha iqukethe ama-interferometer amabili ezinhlangothini athumela imishayo ye-laser ene-kilowatt eyodwa kudivayisi eyihlukanisa ibe imishayo emibili engamamitha angama-40. Ziyaboniswa futhi zibuyiselwe endaweni yokuhlukana, zidale ukushintshashintsha kokukhanya kwemisebe yokukhanya. Uma zibangela ukunyakaza okuthile kudivayisi yokuhlukanisa, khona-ke lokhu kuzoba ubufakazi bokudlidliza kwesikhala ngokwaso.

Ngokombono we-quantum physics, ingavela ngaphandle kwesizathu. noma iyiphi inombolo yendawo yonke. Sagcina sesingene kulena, okwakumele ihlangabezane nemibandela eminingi ecashile ukuze umuntu ahlale kuyo. Sibe sesixoxa umhlaba we-anthropic. Kumuntu okholwayo, indawo eyodwa ye-anthropic edalwe nguNkulunkulu yanele. Umbono wezwe othanda izinto ezibonakalayo awukwamukeli lokhu futhi uthatha ngokuthi kunezindawo eziningi ezizungezile noma ukuthi indawo ekhona manje iyisiteji sokuguquguquka okungapheli kokuhlukahluka.

Umbhali wenguqulo yesimanje Ama-hypotheses wendawo yonke njengokulingiswa (umqondo ohlobene wehologram) ungumbhali wemibono U-Niklas Bostrum. Ithi iqiniso esilibonayo liwukulingisa nje esingakuqapheli. Usosayensi uphakamise ukuthi uma kungenzeka ukudala ukulingisa okuthembekile kwempucuko yonke noma indawo yonke usebenzisa ikhompiyutha enamandla ngokwanele, futhi abantu abalingiswa bangathola ukwazi, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzoba nenani elikhulu lezidalwa ezinjalo. . ukulingiswa okudalwe impucuko ethuthukile - futhi siphila kwenye yazo, kokuthile okufana ne "Matrix".

Isikhathi asipheli

Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokuphula ama-paradigms? Ukukhishwa kwabo akuyona into entsha emlandweni wesayensi ne-physics. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kwakungenzeka ukuguqula i-geocentrism, umbono wendawo njengesiteji esingasebenzi nesikhathi somhlaba wonke, kusukela enkolelweni yokuthi i-Universe imile, kusukela enkolelweni yobulwane bokulinganisa ...

i-paradigm yendawo akasatshelwanga kahle, kodwa naye useshonile. U-Erwin Schrödinger kanye nabanye abadali be-quantum mechanics baqaphela ukuthi ngaphambi kwesenzo sokulinganisa, i-photon yethu, njengekati elidumile elibekwe ebhokisini, ayikabi sesimweni esithile, ihlukaniswa ngokuqondile nangokuvundlile ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kungenzekani uma sibeka ama-photon amabili abambene kude kakhulu futhi sihlole isimo sawo ngokwehlukana? Manje siyazi ukuthi uma i-photon A ihlukaniswe ngokuvundlile, i-photon B kufanele ihlukaniswe iqonde, noma ngabe siyibeke eminyakeni eyibhiliyoni yokukhanya ngaphambili. Zombili izinhlayiya azinaso isimo esiqondile ngaphambi kokulinganisa, kodwa ngemva kokuvula elinye lamabhokisi, enye ngokushesha "yazi" ukuthi iyiphi impahla okufanele ithathe. Iza ekuxhumaneni okuthile okungajwayelekile okwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikhathi nendawo. Ngokombono omusha wokubanjwa, indawo ayisesona isiqiniseko, futhi izinhlayiya ezimbili ngokusobala ezihlukene zingasebenza njengohlaka lwereferensi, zinganaki imininingwane efana nebanga.

Njengoba isayensi isebenzelana nama-paradigms ahlukene, kungani kungafanele ihlukanise imibono engaguquki ephikelela ezingqondweni zezazi zefiziksi futhi ephindaphindwa emibuthanweni yocwaningo? Mhlawumbe kuyoba yi-supersymmetry eshiwo ngenhla, mhlawumbe inkolelo yokuba khona kwamandla amnyama nendaba, noma mhlawumbe umqondo we-Big Bang kanye nokwanda kwendawo yonke?

Kuze kube manje, umbono ovamile uwukuthi indawo yonke ikhula ngezinga elikhulayo futhi cishe iyoqhubeka yenza kanjalo phakade. Nokho, kunezazi ezithile zefiziksi eziye zaphawula ukuthi inkolelo-mbono yokwanda phakade kwendawo yonke, futhi ikakhulukazi isiphetho sayo sokuthi isikhathi asipheli, iveza inkinga ekubaleni amathuba okuba kwenzeke isenzakalo. Abanye ososayensi baphikisa ngokuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ezayo, cishe isikhathi sizophela ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lwenhlekelele.

i-physics Rafael Busso abavela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia kanye nozakwabo bashicilele indatshana ku-arXiv.org echaza ukuthi endaweni yonke yaphakade, ngisho nezehlakalo ezinhle kakhulu zizokwenzeka maduze noma kamuva - futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, zizokwenzeka. inombolo engapheli yezikhathi. Njengoba amathuba echazwa ngokwenani elihlobene lezenzakalo, akuwenzi mqondo ukusho noma yimaphi amathuba phakade, njengoba isenzakalo ngasinye sizoba nokwenzeka ngokulinganayo. “Ukwehla kwamandla emali okungapheli kunemiphumela emikhulu,” kubhala uBusso. "Noma isiphi isigameko esinamathuba angewona aziro wokwenzeka sizokwenzeka izikhathi eziningi, imvamisa ezindaweni ezikude ezingakaze zihlangane." Lokhu kubukela phansi isisekelo sokubikezela okungenzeka ekuhloleni kwendawo: uma inani elingenamkhawulo lezibukeli endaweni yonke liwina ilotho, ungasho ngasiphi isisekelo ukuthi ukuwina ilotho akwenzeki? Kunjalo, kukhona futhi abaningi ngokungapheli abangawini, kodwa ngamuphi umqondo kukhona abaningi babo?

Isixazululo esisodwa sale nkinga, izazi ze-physics zichaza, ukucabanga ukuthi isikhathi sizophela. Bese kuba nenani elilinganiselwe lezehlakalo, futhi izehlakalo ezingalindelekile zizokwenzeka izikhathi ezimbalwa kunezingenzeka.

Lesi sikhathi "sokusika" sichaza isethi yemicimbi ethile evunyelwe. Ngakho izazi zefiziksi zazama ukubala amathuba okuthi isikhathi sasiyophela. Kunikezwa izindlela ezinhlanu ezihlukene zokuqeda isikhathi. Kulezi zimo ezimbili, kunamathuba angamaphesenti angu-50 okuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,7. Abanye ababili banethuba elingu-50% phakathi neminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,3. Sincane kakhulu isikhathi esisele esimeni sesihlanu (isikhathi se-Planck). Ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka, angase abe ... kumzuzwana olandelayo.

Akusebenzanga?

Ngenhlanhla, lezi zibalo zibikezela ukuthi iningi lezibukeli yilabo ababizwa ngokuthi iBoltzmann Children, abaphuma esiphithiphithini sokuguquguquka kwe-quantum endaweni yonke yokuqala. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lethu alinjalo, izazi zefiziksi zisichithile lesi simo.

“Umngcele ungabhekwa njengento enezici ezibonakalayo, kuhlanganise nezinga lokushisa,” kubhala ababhali ephepheni labo. “Njengoba sesifinyelele ekupheleni kwesikhathi, udaba luzofinyelela ekulinganeni kwe-thermodynamic nomkhathizwe. Lokhu kufana nencazelo yento ewela emgodini omnyama, eyenziwa umuntu obukele ngaphandle.”

I-inflation ye-cosmic kanye ne-multiverse

Umcabango wokuqala wukuthi Umkhathi ulokhu ukhula ngokungapheliokuwumphumela wethiyori evamile yokuhlobana futhi eqinisekiswa kahle idatha yokuhlola. Umcabango wesibili ukuthi amathuba asekelwe imvamisa yomcimbi ohlobene. Okokugcina, umcabango wesithathu uwukuthi uma isikhathi sasemkhathini singapheli ngempela, indlela kuphela yokunquma amathuba omcimbi iwukukhawulela ukunaka kwakho. isethi engaphansi elinganiselwe ye-multiverse engapheli.

Ingabe kuzoba nengqondo?

Izimpikiswano zika-Smolin no-Unger, ezakha isisekelo salesi sihloko, ziphakamisa ukuthi singahlola umkhathi wethu kuphela ngokuhlola, sinqabe umbono wokuhlukahluka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa okuqoqwe i-European Planck space telescope kuye kwembula ukuba khona kokudidayo okungase kubonise ukusebenzisana okunesikhathi eside phakathi komkhathi wethu nomunye. Ngakho, ukubuka nje nokuhlola kukhomba kwamanye ama-universe.

Okudidayo okutholwe yi-Planck Observatory

Ezinye izazi zefiziksi manje zicabanga ukuthi uma kukhona isidalwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-Multiverse, kanye nawo wonke ama-universe akhona, aba khona nge-Big Bang eyodwa, ngabe kwenzeka phakathi kwabo. ukungqubuzana. Ngokocwaningo lwethimba le-Planck Observatory, lokhu kungqubuzana kuzofana ngandlela thize nokungqubuzana kwamabhamuza ensipho amabili, okushiya iminonjana endaweni engaphandle yendawo yonke engabhaliswa ngokusobala njengokudidayo ekusabalaliseni imisebe engemuva ye-microwave. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amasignali aqoshwe isibonakude se-Planck kubonakala sengathi asikisela ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwe-Universe eseduze nathi luhluke kakhulu kunethu, ngoba umehluko phakathi kwenani lezinhlayiya ze-subatomic (ama-baryons) nama-photons kuwo ungaba mkhulu ngokuphindwe kashumi kune " Lapha". . Lokhu kungasho ukuthi izimiso zomzimba eziyisisekelo zingase zehluke kulokho esikwaziyo.

Izimpawu ezitholiwe kungenzeka zivela enkathini yokuqala yendawo yonke - okuthiwa ukuhlanganisa kabushalapho ama-proton nama-electron eqala ukuhlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe ama-athomu e-hydrogen (amathuba esignali evela emithonjeni eseduze cishe angama-30%). Ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu kungase kubonise ukuqiniswa kwenqubo yokuhlanganiswa kabusha ngemva kokushayisana kwendawo yonke yethu nenye, enokuminyana okuphezulu kwe-baryonic matter.

Esimweni lapho kunqwabelana khona iziqalo eziphikisanayo neziyitiyori, abanye ososayensi baphelelwa isineke ngokuphawulekayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa amazwi aluhlaza kaNeil Turok wePerimeter Institute eWaterloo, eCanada, okwathi engxoxweni neNewScientist ngo-2015, wacasulwa ukuthi “asikwazi ukwenza umqondo walokho esikutholayo.” Wanezela: “Inkolelo-mbono iya ngokuya iba yinkimbinkimbi futhi iba yinkimbinkimbi. Siphonsa izinkambu ezilandelanayo, izilinganiso kanye nama-symmetries enkingeni, ngisho nange-wrench, kodwa asikwazi ukuchaza amaqiniso alula. Izazi zefiziksi eziningi ngokusobala zicasulwa yiqiniso lokuthi uhambo lwengqondo lwamathiyori anamuhla, njengokucabanga okungenhla noma ithiyori yochungechunge olunamandla, aluhlangene nocwaningo olwenziwa kumalabhorethri njengamanje, futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi lungahlolwa. ngokuhlola. .

Ingabe ngempela isiphetho esifile futhi kuyadingeka ukuphuma kuso, njengoba kuphakanyiswe uSmolin nomngane wakhe isazi sefilosofi? Noma mhlawumbe sikhuluma ngokudideka nokudideka ngaphambi kohlobo oluthile lokutholwa kwenkathi okuzosilinda maduze?

Sikumema ukuthi uzijwayeze Isihloko senkinga ku.